Research work on heavy metals

1. Introduction
• Systematics and Biogeography are essential fields in biological sciences. They provide insights
into the classification and distribution of organisms, aiding in biodiversity conservation and
ecological studies.

2. Crustaceans
• Crustaceans are a diverse group of arthropods including crabs, lobsters, and shrimps. They
are characterized by a hard exoskeleton, jointed limbs, and segmented body. Crustaceans are
found in various aquatic environments.

3. Molluscs
• Molluscs, such as snails, clams, and octopuses, are known for their soft unsegmented body.
They are classified into groups like gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods, each with unique
features.

4. Cephalopods
• Cephalopods, including squids and octopuses, are renowned for their advanced nervous
system and behavior. They play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems and are notable for their
intelligence and adaptability.

5. Other Taxa
• Other significant invertebrate groups include echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins) and
cnidarians (jellyfish, corals), each representing unique evolutionary paths and adaptations.

6. Comparative Analysis
• This section compares the systematics and biogeography among the different groups,
highlighting common evolutionary traits and unique adaptations.

7. Conclusion
• This study underscores the importance of understanding diverse groups for ecological
balance and evolutionary studies, and suggests potential areas for further research.