Heat transfer
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This document discusses three types of heat transfer: convection, radiation, and conduction. Convection involves the transfer of heat through a fluid like air or water, such as heating a marshmallow over a campfire. Radiation transfers heat in rays, like the light from the sun. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat through touching objects, for example a pan heating up from a stove and transferring that heat to a person's hand.
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P210 13e
Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids. Warm materials expand, become less dense, and rise, while cool materials descend. This circulation pattern transfers heat energy within systems through buoyancy. Examples given include home heating systems where water and air circulate and transfer heat, thunderstorms where warm moist air rises and condenses as it cools, and global wind patterns where warm equatorial air rises and cooler air descends forming Hadley cells. Convection occurs across many natural systems to move heat.
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The document discusses the concept of entropy. It states that:
1) Entropy refers to a measure of disorder or randomness, where ordered systems have low entropy and disordered systems have high entropy.
2) The second law of thermodynamics says that in an isolated system, the entropy will always increase as the system moves towards disorder over time.
3) This means that structures and organized systems will naturally break down into a more disordered state that requires less energy.
Thermal energy
Thermal energy naturally transfers from hotter to colder objects through three main methods:
(1) Conduction, where energy transfers through direct contact of particles in substances or between substances;
(2) Convection, where the flow of fluids like gases or liquids transfers energy; and
(3) Radiation, where electromagnetic waves transfer energy without requiring contact between objects. Technologies like furnaces and refrigerators control the rate of heating and cooling through these thermal energy transfer methods.
Earth science 17.2
Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three major mechanisms of heat transfer. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions. Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids. Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves in space. The greenhouse effect refers to the heating of the Earth's surface and atmosphere from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by greenhouse gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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Convection currents t notes
The document discusses convection currents in the Earth's mantle. It first defines heat transfer and the three types: radiation, conduction, and convection. Convection involves the movement of heated fluids and depends on differences in density caused by heating and cooling. Convection currents in the mantle are driven by heat rising from the Earth's core and mantle itself into the asthenosphere.
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1) The document discusses Newton's laws of motion through examples involving hippos. Newton's second law states that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass.
2) An example calculates that throwing a 500kg baby hippo with a 1000N force would result in 2m/s^2 acceleration. Strapping it to a rocket with 3000N force over 12 seconds would accelerate it to 72m/s.
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Heat Transfer Lesson PowerPoint, Convection, Conduction, Radiation, Labs
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Recommended
P210 13e
Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids. Warm materials expand, become less dense, and rise, while cool materials descend. This circulation pattern transfers heat energy within systems through buoyancy. Examples given include home heating systems where water and air circulate and transfer heat, thunderstorms where warm moist air rises and condenses as it cools, and global wind patterns where warm equatorial air rises and cooler air descends forming Hadley cells. Convection occurs across many natural systems to move heat.
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The document discusses the concept of entropy. It states that:
1) Entropy refers to a measure of disorder or randomness, where ordered systems have low entropy and disordered systems have high entropy.
2) The second law of thermodynamics says that in an isolated system, the entropy will always increase as the system moves towards disorder over time.
3) This means that structures and organized systems will naturally break down into a more disordered state that requires less energy.
Thermal energy
Thermal energy naturally transfers from hotter to colder objects through three main methods:
(1) Conduction, where energy transfers through direct contact of particles in substances or between substances;
(2) Convection, where the flow of fluids like gases or liquids transfers energy; and
(3) Radiation, where electromagnetic waves transfer energy without requiring contact between objects. Technologies like furnaces and refrigerators control the rate of heating and cooling through these thermal energy transfer methods.
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Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three major mechanisms of heat transfer. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through matter by molecular collisions. Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids. Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves in space. The greenhouse effect refers to the heating of the Earth's surface and atmosphere from solar radiation being absorbed and emitted by greenhouse gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
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This document discusses gravity, weight, and weightlessness. It provides the formulas for calculating weight based on mass and gravitational acceleration. Your weight depends on the gravitational pull of the planet you are on. With no gravitational pull, you experience a state of weightlessness or neutral buoyancy. The document uses these concepts to calculate weight on different planets like Saturn based on their gravitational acceleration.
Convection currents t notes
The document discusses convection currents in the Earth's mantle. It first defines heat transfer and the three types: radiation, conduction, and convection. Convection involves the movement of heated fluids and depends on differences in density caused by heating and cooling. Convection currents in the mantle are driven by heat rising from the Earth's core and mantle itself into the asthenosphere.
Newton's 2 & 3 laws notes
1) The document discusses Newton's laws of motion through examples involving hippos. Newton's second law states that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass.
2) An example calculates that throwing a 500kg baby hippo with a 1000N force would result in 2m/s^2 acceleration. Strapping it to a rocket with 3000N force over 12 seconds would accelerate it to 72m/s.
3) Throwing the 4500kg mother hippo with the same 1000N force only accelerates her to 0.22m/s^2 due to her greater mass.
Heat Transfer Lesson PowerPoint, Convection, Conduction, Radiation, Labs
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Heat transfer
This document discusses the three main modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Conduction involves the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact of particles within a substance or between substances. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of fluids like gases and liquids. Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium - it can occur through a vacuum in space.
The key differences between the three types are: conduction occurs through direct contact in solids and liquids; convection occurs through fluid circulation in liquids and gases; and radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without direct contact or a medium.
Gravity mass weight
Gravity is an invisible force that pulls objects with mass towards the center of planets like Earth. Gravity gives objects weight, which is measured in Newtons and describes the force of gravitational pull, while mass describes the amount of material in an object and does not change in different gravitational fields. On Earth, a 50kg person has a weight of 500 Newtons, but their mass would remain 50kg on the Moon where gravity is weaker - there their weight would be 83.3 Newtons due to the lower gravitational pull.
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This document discusses different methods of heat transfer:
1) Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles without bulk motion of the material, such as from a hot metal rod to a cooler end.
2) Convection involves the transfer of heat by the bulk motion of fluids like air and water, such as hot air rising from a heated surface.
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Newton observed an apple falling from a tree, which led him to discover his law of universal gravitation. The law states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Specifically, the gravitational force between two objects equals G*(m1*m2)/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the object masses, and r is the distance between their centers. This explained gravity and allowed prediction of orbital motion.
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2) When a basketball bounces after a tennis ball drops on it, the basketball transfers some kinetic energy to the tennis ball but is not slowed much due to its greater mass.
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2) The first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
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Heat transfer is the transfer of heat energy from one source to another. There are three primary ways heat transfers: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs through direct contact of particles, convection occurs through the movement of fluids like air or water, and radiation transfers heat as electromagnetic waves through empty space without contact. Thermal conductors transfer heat quickly while insulators slow the rate of heat transfer.
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This document discusses the three main modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Conduction involves the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact of particles within a substance or between substances. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of fluids like gases and liquids. Radiation involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves and does not require a medium - it can occur through a vacuum in space.
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Gravity mass weight
Gravity is an invisible force that pulls objects with mass towards the center of planets like Earth. Gravity gives objects weight, which is measured in Newtons and describes the force of gravitational pull, while mass describes the amount of material in an object and does not change in different gravitational fields. On Earth, a 50kg person has a weight of 500 Newtons, but their mass would remain 50kg on the Moon where gravity is weaker - there their weight would be 83.3 Newtons due to the lower gravitational pull.
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Transfer of heat
This document discusses different methods of heat transfer:
1) Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact of particles without bulk motion of the material, such as from a hot metal rod to a cooler end.
2) Convection involves the transfer of heat by the bulk motion of fluids like air and water, such as hot air rising from a heated surface.
3) Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles, without heating or cooling of the intervening medium, such as the emission of light and heat from a burning candle.
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Gravity is a force that pulls all objects towards one another. The more mass an object has, the stronger its gravitational pull. While it appears lighter objects fall slower on Earth, this is due to air resistance, not differences in mass - in a vacuum all objects fall at the same rate. The amount of gravity and weight experienced varies on different planets depending on their mass.
Newton's law of gravitation
Newton observed an apple falling from a tree, which led him to discover his law of universal gravitation. The law states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Specifically, the gravitational force between two objects equals G*(m1*m2)/r^2, where G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the object masses, and r is the distance between their centers. This explained gravity and allowed prediction of orbital motion.
Newton’s 3rd law of motion 2014 (1)
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. It explains that in all interactions, there is a pair of forces acting on two different objects. The document provides examples of this, including a person pushing on a wall, a bee flying, and a rocket launching. It notes that while the forces are equal, they do not cancel out or balance since they act on different objects that undergo motion.
Newton's third law of motion
Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. It describes how when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force back that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The document provides examples of this law, such as a person jumping out of a boat causing the boat to move backwards with an equal force, or a person pushing down on a diving board causing the board to push them up with an equal opposing force.
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The document discusses several examples of energy transfers:
1) A dropped ball transfers gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy when falling and elastic potential energy when bouncing, with some energy lost as heat each time.
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1. Three main modes of energy transfer in soil are conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves direct particle contact, convection involves bulk fluid movement, and radiation does not require matter.
2. The surface energy balance equation states that energy in equals energy out at the soil surface. This includes net radiation, heat flux into soil, sensible heat flux to air, and latent heat from evaporation.
3. Thermal conductivity describes a material's ability to conduct heat and is measured in watts per meter-kelvin. It is dependent on soil composition, texture, water content, and compaction. Thermal diffusivity incorporates conductivity and describes the speed of heat propagation.
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This document discusses three types of non-contact forces: magnetic forces, electrostatic forces, and gravitational forces. It provides details on magnetic forces and how opposite poles attract and similar poles repel. It also explains that gravitational forces act between any two masses in the universe, and the force is stronger between larger masses like the sun and earth. Finally, it defines the difference between mass and weight, where mass is the amount of matter and weight is the gravitational force acting on an object that can vary in different gravitational fields.
Newton's law
1) Newton's three laws of motion are: the law of inertia, F=ma, and action-reaction.
2) The first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
3) The second law states that force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma).
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Heat transfer (upload)
Heat transfer is the transfer of heat energy from one source to another. There are three primary ways heat transfers: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs through direct contact of particles, convection occurs through the movement of fluids like air or water, and radiation transfers heat as electromagnetic waves through empty space without contact. Thermal conductors transfer heat quickly while insulators slow the rate of heat transfer.
Convection Currents
Convection currents are caused by the movement of warm materials rising and cool materials sinking. Within the atmosphere, convection is the primary method of heat transfer through the troposphere. Convection also occurs in the mantle as very hot material deep in the mantle rises, cools, sinks, and repeats this cycle. In oceans and pots of water, convection currents form as warmer water rises and cooler water sinks, moving in a continuous cycle. Convection also takes place within the sun as large amounts of hot gas rise towards the surface, cool, and fall back towards the center to repeat the cycle.
Convection currents and the mantle powerpoint
Heat from Earth's core causes convection currents in the mantle. Convection is the transfer of heat by the circulation of fluids such as liquids or gases. In Earth's mantle, hotter, less dense material rises while cooler, denser material sinks, driving convection currents that transfer heat from the core throughout the mantle. These mantle convection currents are influenced by the heating of the mantle from Earth's core and through the mantle itself.
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
Newton's Third Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. It explains that in interactions between two objects, the objects exert equal forces on each other that are in opposite directions. Examples given are a hammer hitting a nail, a person throwing a ball from a skateboard, and a person sitting on a chair. While action-reaction force pairs are equal in magnitude, they do not cancel each other out because they act on different objects.
2nd law of thermodynamics
The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy of the universe increases over time as heat flows from hotter to colder objects. Entropy is a measure of the number of microscopic arrangements or degrees of freedom available to a system and is directly related to the number of possible macrostates. While reversibility is theoretically possible, natural processes are irreversible and always increase the total entropy. Rudolf Clausius originated the concept of entropy and demonstrated that heat transfer between objects results in an overall increase in entropy, forming the basis of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
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- The troposphere is the lowest layer where all weather occurs, containing 75% of the atmosphere's mass.
- The stratosphere contains the ozone layer and is free of weather.
- The mesosphere is the coldest layer where many meteors burn up seen as shooting stars.
- Above this is the ionosphere within the thermosphere that extends up to 400km.
- The exosphere, the outermost layer, extends outward from the thermosphere for thousands of miles.
Continental drift
Continental drift started when sea floor spreading caused the continents to move away from each other while they were all part of the supercontinent Pangea. Over time, Pangea split apart and the continents separated and became their own landmasses. Alfred Wegener had the idea of continental drift when he saw that South America fit into Africa like a puzzle piece.
Rain snow sleet hail
This document defines and provides details about precipitation. It begins by defining precipitation as water released from clouds in forms such as rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail. The document then provides state-by-state precipitation statistics for the US and defines the different forms of precipitation, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail. It includes facts about rainfall records and hail damage costs. Sources are listed at the end.
The green house effect
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and provides examples to illustrate the process. It notes that certain atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide trap the sun's energy and cause Earth's temperature to rise. Examples given are a greenhouse, which traps heat from the sun through glass, and a car parked in sunlight, where the glass does not allow heat to escape. The document also shares that 26% of the sun's energy is reflected by the atmosphere, 19% is absorbed, and 51% reaches the Earth's surface. Possible causes of the greenhouse effect include burning fossil fuels, wood, and coal, as well as population growth.
Characteristics of minerals
Minerals have five key characteristics that determine if a rock is classified as a mineral: 1) they are solid, 2) they are formed through inorganic processes, 3) they occur naturally, 4) they have a definite chemical composition, and 5) they have a definite crystalline structure. For a rock to be considered a mineral, it must meet at least three of these five characteristics, as some minerals do not exhibit all characteristics.
Volcanoes
The document summarizes how volcanoes form and erupt. Convection currents in the mantle can cause cracks, allowing magma to flow up and harden on the surface. As tectonic plates move, the older plate sinks into the mantle, melting it and allowing more magma to break through the crust. Volcanoes have passageways through which magma rises and erupts, throwing fragments of lava and ash into the air. Different types of lava form different landforms over millions of years, including shield volcanoes, plateaus, and collapsed calderas.
Sea floor spreading-1
Seafloor spreading is the process by which new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity at mid-ocean ridges, pushing the tectonic plates apart. Magma rises through cracks between the plates and hardens into new crust, causing the plates to spread further. This spreading helps explain continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics.
Layers of soil
Soil is formed from rocks and decaying organisms over hundreds of years and consists of minerals, water, air, and organic matter. Topsoil is the most productive layer and contains the majority of organisms living in soil, but it is also the thinnest layer and can be eroded easily. Various organisms help break down materials in the soil and aerate it to benefit plant and animal life.
The water cycle pp
The document discusses the water cycle, including its key components and processes. It defines terms like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration. It notes that the sun provides the energy that drives the water cycle. Only 3% of earth's water is freshwater. The document includes a diagram of the water cycle and some review questions to test the reader's understanding.
Eras of the earth
The document summarizes key events that occurred during different periods of Earth's history from the Precambrian era to the present day Quaternary period. It notes that the earliest sedimentary rocks formed over 3.8 billion years ago and the earliest life was microscopic bacteria. During later periods, the first vertebrates came out of the water onto land around 360 million years ago and the first wingless bugs evolved. By around 250 million years ago, the supercontinent Pangea had formed from the collision of other landmasses but later began to break apart. The document provides links to additional resources about each major period in Earth's development.
Maps and globes
This document outlines the key elements of maps, including the 9 parts of a map like lines of latitude and longitude, labels, and a compass rose. It also discusses elements that add texture to maps such as elevation, relief, and different types of landforms. The key thing to know is that topography refers to the shape of the land, and that maps and globes represent features of Earth using symbols and scale distances measured in degrees from the equator and prime meridian.
More from bgriesmer (20)
Heat transfer
- 1. Heat transfer By: Luc Pierce
- 2. convection Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid a gas). Ex= The campfire heats the marshmellow through the air between them Convection- transfer of heat through a fluid
- 3. radiation Radiation is the transfer of heat in rays Radiation- transfer of heat in rays Ex= the most common radiation is the light from the sun.
- 4. conduction Conduction is the direct transfer of heat through two toughing objects Ex= when pans are on the stove, the heat from the pan will transfer to your hand if you touch it Conduction- transfer of heat through things touching