The document summarizes the work of ILC (International Longevity Centre) on their prevention programme from 2019-2022, which included establishing the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index. Some key activities included:
- Engaging stakeholders worldwide to build consensus on prevention and healthy aging issues
- Influencing international organizations like G20, WHO, and UN to prioritize prevention
- Launching the Prevention Index, which ranks 121 countries on metrics like life expectancy, health spending, and happiness
- Establishing a coalition of over 30 organizations to endorse and support the Index's goals
- Hosting numerous global forums to discuss findings and identify policy solutions
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
This Policy Framework is intended to inform
discussion and the formulation of action plans
that promote healthy and active ageing.(World Health Organization)
Alongside the G20 Health Ministers’ meeting in Gandhinagar, India, in August, ILC-India and ILC-UK held a joint high-level side event to amplify the importance of healthy ageing and prevention among the G20.
Health equals wealth: How can the UK and EU work together towards healthy age...ILC- UK
At this webinar, the Department for International Trade (DIT) and the International Longevity Centre-UK (ILC) explored how the EU and UK can work together on healthy ageing.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
This Policy Framework is intended to inform
discussion and the formulation of action plans
that promote healthy and active ageing.(World Health Organization)
Alongside the G20 Health Ministers’ meeting in Gandhinagar, India, in August, ILC-India and ILC-UK held a joint high-level side event to amplify the importance of healthy ageing and prevention among the G20.
Health equals wealth: How can the UK and EU work together towards healthy age...ILC- UK
At this webinar, the Department for International Trade (DIT) and the International Longevity Centre-UK (ILC) explored how the EU and UK can work together on healthy ageing.
Big sky thinking: leadership for public health from the East of England John Middleton
Presentation to the first East of England Public Health conference, Radison Hotel, Stagnated. 30th October 2018 181029 east of england presentation vr 2
Letter from participants of the G7 Civil Society Taskforce which met in Rome (1-2 February 2016) to members of the G7 Health Experts Working Group meeting in Tokyo (18-19 February 2016)
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
The goal III of UN SDG, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. What Millenium Development Goals lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and well-being whereas SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030, has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection. The most notable provision included in the SDG 2030 agenda is inclusion of non-communicable diseases, mental health, substance abuse, addiction and injuries.
The event shall include introductory for teachers, facilitators and health and care providers. It shall have children friendly and easily understandable and relate able fact sheet and activity information.
Social health program; role of world health organization in Indian national p...Dr. Sharad Chand
This topic explains the Social health program; the role of the world health organization in the Indian national program. This is useful for understanding the importance of social health and the role of WHO.
Scope: The action plan provides a road map and a menu of policy options for all Member States and other stakeholders, to take coordinated and coherent action, at all levels, local to global, to attain the nine voluntary global targets, including that of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 2025.
Focus: The main focus of this action plan is on four types of NCDs — cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes — which make the largest contribution to morbidity and mortality due to NCDs, and on four shared behavioral risk factors — tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol. It recognizes that the conditions in which people live and work and their lifestyles influence their health and quality of life.
Prompted by the 20th anniversary of the 1993 World Development Report, a Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment frame work to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. Our report has four key messages, each accompanied by opportunities for action by national governments of low-income and middle-income countries and by the international community.
Big sky thinking: leadership for public health from the East of England John Middleton
Presentation to the first East of England Public Health conference, Radison Hotel, Stagnated. 30th October 2018 181029 east of england presentation vr 2
Letter from participants of the G7 Civil Society Taskforce which met in Rome (1-2 February 2016) to members of the G7 Health Experts Working Group meeting in Tokyo (18-19 February 2016)
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
The goal III of UN SDG, aims to address all the major health priorities with regard to child and maternal health, end of communicable diseases, reducing the number of non-communicable diseases cases, ease of access to safe and affordable medicines and vaccines and ensure universal health coverage (UHC), to help build productive and resilient communities. What Millenium Development Goals lacked was focus with regard to entire health system and how they cater to health services for overall health and well-being whereas SDGs 2030 agenda from 2015-2030, has set the target towards focus on Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which includes access to health services and with financial risk protection. The most notable provision included in the SDG 2030 agenda is inclusion of non-communicable diseases, mental health, substance abuse, addiction and injuries.
The event shall include introductory for teachers, facilitators and health and care providers. It shall have children friendly and easily understandable and relate able fact sheet and activity information.
Social health program; role of world health organization in Indian national p...Dr. Sharad Chand
This topic explains the Social health program; the role of the world health organization in the Indian national program. This is useful for understanding the importance of social health and the role of WHO.
Scope: The action plan provides a road map and a menu of policy options for all Member States and other stakeholders, to take coordinated and coherent action, at all levels, local to global, to attain the nine voluntary global targets, including that of a 25% relative reduction in premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases by 2025.
Focus: The main focus of this action plan is on four types of NCDs — cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes — which make the largest contribution to morbidity and mortality due to NCDs, and on four shared behavioral risk factors — tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol. It recognizes that the conditions in which people live and work and their lifestyles influence their health and quality of life.
Prompted by the 20th anniversary of the 1993 World Development Report, a Lancet Commission revisited the case for investment in health and developed a new investment frame work to achieve dramatic health gains by 2035. Our report has four key messages, each accompanied by opportunities for action by national governments of low-income and middle-income countries and by the international community.
Redefining lifelong learning webinar presentation slides.pptxILC- UK
We know that we’re living longer, which means many people will also be working for longer. One in seven people over 65 are still employed in the UK, but we’re still seeing challenges in our labour markets.
According to the ILC’s Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index, the UK’s work span is only 31.5 years, ranking the UK 47th out of 121 countries. Skills shortages driven by demographic change are hitting all sectors of the UK’s economy: by 2030, we could see a shortage of 2.6 million workers. On the other hand, if UK employment rates for those aged 50 to 64 matched the rates of those aged 35 to 49, the country’s GDP would increase by more than 5%.
One way to improve work span and employment is through lifelong learning. However, in the UK, as the Learning and Work Institute’s Adult Participation in Learning survey showed, rates of learning continue to fall with age. In 2023, only 36% of people aged 55 to 64, 24% of those aged 65 to 74, and 17% of those aged 75 and over said that they’d taken part in any kind of learning in the past three years.
To better understand the approaches in other countries, we consulted with experts in lifelong learning, both from the UK and globally. ILC's report, in collaboration with Phoenix Insights, Redefining lifelong learning: lessons from across the globe considers the approaches taken in Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. While each country’s approach is different, and shaped by its wider cultural, political and economic context, there are some common threads including: learning culture; the range of learning opportunities on offer; levels of support and investment; and accessibility
"If only I had"... LV= insights into retirement planning webinarILC- UK
As part of this debate LV= shares the findings from their quarterly Wealth and Wellbeing research programme, which surveys a nationally representative sample of 4,000 adults across the UK on a variety of topics, including their changing attitude to their finances and their wider wellbeing.
Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030ILC- UK
The UK economy could see a shortfall of 2.6 million workers by 2030 – almost twice the workforce of the NHS – as a result of population ageing, the COVID pandemic and Brexit.
These shortfalls will affect the whole economy, with manufacturing, retail, construction, transport, health and social care among the sectors projected to be hardest hit.
To plug these gaps, Government must introduce a comprehensive Workforce Strategy looking at:
How to support people to stay in the workforce for longer, e.g. by supporting healthy workplaces, supporting carers and creating flexible conditions that suit people’s needs.
How to ameliorate childcare costs and reintegrate people into the workforce following timeout for caring or a health need
The role of migration and automation in addressing major workforce gaps
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alon...ILC- UK
Leaving no one behind: Progress on Life Course Immunisation Roundtable – alongside the World Health Assembly
Date: Tuesday 23 May 2023
Time: 13.00 – 14.30 (CET), followed by refreshments
Location: Geneva Press Club, Geneva, Switzerland
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index alongside the 76th World Health Assembly
Date: Tuesday 23 May 2023
Time: 3.30pm – 4.30pm (CET) launch, followed by networking with refreshments
Location: Geneva Press Club, Geneva, Switzerland
G7 high-level side event in Niigata: Healthy ageing and prevention
Date: Wednesday 10 May 2023
Time: 2.00pm – 3.30pm (JST), followed by networking with refreshments
Location: Niigata, Japan
Vaccine confidence in Central and Eastern Europe working lunchILC- UK
At this exclusive working lunch, we discussed the International Longevity Centre UK’s (ILC-UK) forthcoming report on vaccine confidence in Central & Eastern Europe (CEE).
During this event, we shared the findings from our policy publication on what we think should be the priorities for the G20 in India and the key messages we want to disseminate to ministers and world leaders. We heard from experts on the opportunities and challenges to engage India and the G20 with prevention and healthy ageing and identify further opportunities to maximise our engagement while at the G20 in September.
Final Marathon or sprint launch Les Mayhew slides 19 April.pptxILC- UK
Research by the International Longevity Centre UK (ILC) funded by Bayes Business School — based on Commonwealth Games competitor records since the inaugural event in 1930 — shows large differences in the longevity of medal winners compared to people in the general population that were born in the same year. A report finds that top-level sports people can live over 5 years longer than the rest of the population.
Launching Trial and error: Supporting age diversity in clinical trialsILC- UK
During this virtual event, Esther McNamara, ILC's Senior Health Policy Lead, presents the Trial and error report’s findings and recommendations. A panel of five experts respond to the report and discuss how improved age diversity will benefit patients of all ages.
Report launch - Moving the needle: Improving uptake of adult vaccination in J...ILC- UK
Launch of the Moving the needle report, produced by ILC-UK in partnership with Stripe Partners.
This event was chaired by Dr Noriko Cable, Honorary Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Epidemiology & Health, UCL. Speakers include:
Arabella Trower, Senior Consultant, Stripe Partners
David Sinclair, Chief Executive, ILC-UK
Dr Charles Alessi, Chief Clinical Officer, éditohealth
Jason James, Director General, Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation
Dr Michael Hodin, CEO, Global Coalition on Aging
Prof Itamar Grotto - Better preparedness, better resultsILC- UK
Presented at the "Pandemics and longevity: Will we die, survive, or thrive next time?" webinar, by ILC-UK
Date: Thursday 16 March 2023
Time: 1.30pm – 3.00pm (GMT)
Matthew Edwards - CMI COVID-19 Inquiry SubmissionILC- UK
Presented at the "Pandemics and longevity: Will we die, survive, or thrive next time?" webinar, by ILC-UK
Date: Thursday 16 March 2023
Time: 1.30pm – 3.00pm (GMT)
Dr Kit Yates - Critical weaknesses in shielding strategies for COVID-19ILC- UK
Presented at the "Pandemics and longevity: Will we die, survive, or thrive next time?" webinar, by ILC-UK
Date: Thursday 16 March 2023
Time: 1.30pm – 3.00pm (GMT)
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
5. @ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
Our
programme
so far (2019-
2022).
And we’ve moved the needle on healthy ageing and prevention.
We helped convince G20 Ministers in Japan to commit to a joint focus
on the prevention of ill health across the life course in 2019.
We informed the WHO’s and UN’s joint Decade of Healthy Ageing
(2020-2030), as well as the WHO Immunisation Agenda 2030, which led
to a new chapter on life course and adult immunisation being added.
We fed into the Department of International Trade’s White Paper on
Healthy Ageing.
We were selected to write a policy paper that informed the G20 in Italy
on the role of prevention in global health and the management of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
ILC’s policy recommendation was adopted in the 2022 changes to the
NICE guidelines, recommending that an adult’s waist should be less
than half their height to reduce health risks.
9. We launched
the Healthy
Ageing and
Prevention
Index.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
The Index is now publicly available as an online tool Prevention Index - ILCUK and it includes
bespoke analysis on what countries can do to improve their Index ranking. Since its
publication, it’s been visited and used more than 5,000 times by users in more than 50
countries.
The Index ranks 121 countries and 9 political and economic groups on six metrics: life span,
health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. We found
that:
Of the top 20, only a third are non-European.
Only 1.1% of the world’s population rank in the top ten and just over a quarter
rank in the top 50. This demonstrates significant inequality, whereby a
relatively small proportion of the global population benefits from better health,
wealth and societal conditions.
There is a 24-year gap in life span (life expectancy) and a 21-year gap in in
health span (healthy life expectancy) between the top 10 and bottom 10
countries.
We compared the Index with 10 different secondary metrics. Our analysis found that
countries perform better on the Index if they:
Spend a higher proportion of their health budgets on prevention.
Spend more on life course immunisation.
Invest in Universal Health Coverage and have better access to doctors. In fact,
countries that rank in the bottom half of the Index have four times worse
access to doctors than those that rank in the top half.
For full details on analysis see: Index Findings – ILCUK.
10. We’ve engaged the right
people
Join the conversation: @ilcuk
#PreventionIndex
11. @ilcuk
#PreventionIndex
Steering Group Members
We launched a
coalition of the
willing which
is made up of
over 30
organisations
and
individuals
who have
endorsed our
Index.
preventionindex.org
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Coalition is a group of advocates at the forefront of
the healthy ageing and global health debate.
With management by ILC under the direction of the Coalition Steering Group, the Coalition
has come together with the shared vision to influence and shape the global health agenda
to improve population health and support healthy ageing by investing in preventative health.
To join the Coalition see: Join the Coalition – ILCUK.
14. We sparked
conversations
across the
globe on the
importance of
prevention.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
We held 8 global policy forums, including:
An exclusive dinner debate at the House of Lords on the future of healthy
ageing in India ahead of the G20.
A joint event with ILC-Israel on how the UK and Israel can learn from one
another.
A global webinar on getting to grips with ageing and how Japan and the UK
can learn from each other.
An exclusive joint dinner debate with Age International at the House of
Commons on what can be done to ensure Universal Health Coverage for all at
all ages, ahead of the UN high-level UHC meeting in September.
Two high-level policy events alongside the G7 health and finance ministers’
meeting in Japan.
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index launch alongside the 76th World
Health Assembly.
A high-level policy event alongside the G20 health ministers’ meeting in India.
We also spoke and held workshops at leading conferences in ageing, longevity
and global health, including:
The 17th World Congress on Public Health in Italy.
The International Federation on Ageing’s 16th Global Conference, where we
presented on 8 projects, including a workshop on the Index and our wider
immunisation and healthy ageing programme of work.
15. We brought
people
together to
identify
solutions to
put healthy
ageing and
prevention on
global agenda.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
Through our programme we have engaged national, regional and global actors.
At the House of Lords G20 event, we were joined by leading ageing and global
health charities, academics and the Head of India/UK Bilateral Political, Press
& Information from the Indian High Commission.
At the House of Commons Universal Health Coverage event, we were joined
by representatives from the All Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Health, the
APPG on Global Health, and the APPG on Ageing and Older People.
Over 100 stakeholders joined us for our webinar on sharing best practice
between Japan and the UK.
We launched our Index at the World Health Assembly to 65 key stakeholders
at the forefront of global health policy, including representatives from the WHO
Healthy Ageing Unit, country delegations, the UN, and many more who joined
virtually.
At the G7, we were joined by the G7’s Think7, the Director-General for the
Japanese Health Ministry's Department of Welfare and Health, Former Director
of the Japanese National Institute of Infectious Disease, and CEO of MinaCare
Ltd.
At our G20 event, we engaged with the British Deputy High Commissioner to
Gujarat and Rajasthan, the Lead for Geriatric Healthcare from the Public
Health Institute of Gandhinagar, and the Director for the WHO Collaborating
Centre for Paediatric Immunology.
16. We’re saying the right
things
Join the conversation: @ilcuk
#PreventionIndex
17. We’ve
shaped the
agenda on
health.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
We are viewed as experts in healthy ageing and preventative health and our
knowledge is sought after.
The Financial Times approached us and referenced the Index in an article about income and
work span.
We attended the 2022 World Health Summit. During the Summit the UN Secretary-General
António Guterres called for healthcare systems across the globe to prioritise health
promotion and prevention.
We were interviewed by BBC politics talking about the urgent changes that need to be made
to address an ageing population including investing in prevention.
We presented at a webinar on “Collaboration, mobilisation and innovation in public health”
hosted by the King’s Fund. 320 people joined the conversation.
We presented the Index in a plenary to the International Longevity 18 Conference at Bayes
Business School on its theme “the Economic Value of Healthy Ageing”.
We’ve been invited to present the Index at the 2023 Seoul 4050 International Forum hosted
by the Seoul 50 Plus Foundation – an affiliated organisation of the Seoul Metropolitan
Government, focused on supporting the middle-aged group.
We’ve fed into UK and global policy, including:
The UK’s Health and Social Care Committee’s Prevention inquiry to help them set priorities
for their programme of work on preventative health.
The WHO Guidance in Development and Implementation of a National Deployment and
Vaccination Plan for Vaccines against Pandemic Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses of
Pandemic Potential (NDVP) and the UNGA Progress Report on the Implementation of the
United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030).
The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Chapter on “Vaccines and special risk
groups: Diabetes”. This chapter is available in their publication: Recommended vaccines for
special risk-groups - a toolkit for pharmacists.
19. We gained
endorsement
for the Index.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
We’ve engaged high-level stakeholders, including policy makers, ministers and
people at the forefront of the healthy ageing and prevention debate.
The Singaporean and Canadian Health Ministers gave a keynote address at our
World Health Assembly launch of the Index. They endorsed the Index and
recognised it as an important contribution to understanding how countries can
better support longevity.
“As Governments, boasting about how much we spend on something isn’t actually
important if we aren’t getting the outcomes, and I think people want to see those
outcomes… I don’t want Canada to be 11th anymore, I want to be in the top 10. What
are those higher on the Index doing? We are happy to be on the Index, but we’ve got
to do more.” Carolyn Bennett MD, Canadian Minister of Mental Health and
Addictions and Associate Minister for Health
“You are measuring health outcomes and then correlating it with input such as how
much we spend on prevention. I applaud that method because there are so many
people, politicians included, who measure the quality of health by the inputs which is
wrong headed… It is quite clear in my mind that this is not an Index for competition…
this is for self-evaluation and improvement. No country has a monopoly on good ideas
or policy programmes so the Index can provide us with this platform to benchmark best
practices and engage in good discussion on ways to enhance and preserve the health
of our people.” Ong Ye Kung, Singaporean Health Minister
20. We gained
endorsement
for the Index.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
Others have recognised its important contribution towards holding
governments to account on healthy ageing and are using it to inform
their own work.
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index tool looks brilliant. I'm sure my Institute of Health
Equity will have a lot to say on inequalities and longevity. Professor Sir Michael Marmot
CH, Director, UCL Institute of Health Equity, UCL Dept of Epidemiology and Public
Health
This is an excellent initiative to marshal more data! John Godfrey, Director of Levelling
Up, Legal and General
We are finding the Prevention Index to be very useful. Arun’s great presentation to our
clients at the International Health and Wellbeing Forum in June really sparked their interest
in how they will use the Index to support development and roll out of health and well-being
programmes globally. Our clients are all global Multinational Corporations, so it is going to
be very useful for them. I’m also using the data in presentations on longevity around the
world and have shared it with about 100 of my global consulting colleagues who specialise
in health and well-being as a ‘genius – must use!’ It’s a great go-to place for data and
insights. Yvonne Sonsino, Global Lead on Longevity and Flex, Mercer
21. We gained
endorsement
for the Index.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
It has even sparked stakeholders to do their own analysis to highlight
key issues preventing countries from ensuring people can live healthier
lives.
The lens of the Index reveals a captivating narrative – the stark nearly 14 year difference in
health span across nine different political and economic blocs (see image)… Imagine living
in the shadow of a chronic disease such as Alzheimer’s or a heart condition for 14 years.
The authors, Arunima Himawan and Les Mayhew drive home a message that resonated
deeply with my ethos – the power of prevention. Ray Algar, Strategic Advisor – global
physical activity & wellbeing economy, Oxygen Consulting
22. What happens next? Year 2
of the Healthy Ageing and
Prevention Index
Join the conversation: @ilcuk
#PreventionIndex
23. Aim 1: The
Index is
recognised
and adopted.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
We want to build on our success so far and use the Index as the basis of our
national and global influencing programme of activities, build on our existing
networks and forge new relationships, and get buy-in and commitment from
global policymakers. We will:
Continue to have meetings with government departments across key G7 and G20
countries, international organisations, including the WHO, OECD and UN, as well as
third sector and other key influencers to identify how we can work together use the
Index to call for action on healthy ageing and prevention.
Develop a comprehensive engagement strategy which will include ongoing press
work to highlight key findings from the Index, specific calls to action and challenge
stakeholders to think about the data critically and what it means for future policy
proofing.
Present at international conferences to widen our reach and stakeholder base and
amplify our voice alongside other leading global health organisations.
Our global engagement programme includes:
Healthy ageing and prevention in Europe: How do European countries
compare? – 24 October 2023.
Future of Ageing 2023: An age of possibilities – 7 December 2023.
EU engagement during Belgium’s Presidency – January – April 2023.
77th World Health Assembly – May
G20 in Brazil – tbc
UN Global Summit of the Future/UNGA – September/tbc
24. Aim 2: The
Index
measures
progress/
good practice
and is a
catalyst for
change.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
Through bespoke analysis and new data, we will use the Index to track their
progress and encourage key stakeholders to work together to drive action and
share best practice on prevention. We will:
Incorporate new data into the Index to allow for meaningful comparisons
and highlight whether countries have improved across the six Index
metrics.
Publish regular trend and analysis work, looking at specific regions and
comparing Index rankings with vaccination uptake, including flu and other
adult routine immunisation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality
and morbidity rates.
Link improvements in health with the specific metrics of the Index,
including, how investment in prevention strategies including screening
and vaccine uptake impacts life span, health span, work span and GDP.
Compare similar countries and develop targeted calls to action for
national governments.
Use our Index and analysis to identify policy solutions, including testing
out “what if” scenarios such as, what would happen if countries increased
preventative health spending or implemented a specific strategy.
25. Aim 3: Our
Coalition builds
consensus,
holds
Governments to
account,
demands action
and facilitates
tangible
changes.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
We will continue to build and broaden our Healthy Ageing and Prevention
Coalition to drive forward the key findings from the Index. For a list of current
members please visit Join the Coalition – ILCUK. We will:
Invite new and unlikely stakeholders who are outside of the global health
space to demonstrate that our Coalition brings together stakeholders
across longevity with a shared recognition that there is a clear health and
economic case for investing in prevention.
Develop and agree to a plan of activities for 2024 with members,
including holding our first coalition and steering group meetings.
Respond to key policy developments and calls to action such as
consultations and publish statements in line with our healthy ageing and
prevention programme of work.
26. Thank you to
our funders.
@ilcuk
#PreventionIndex preventionindex.org
We would like to extend our thanks to the funders of our Healthy Ageing
and Prevention Index. This project and our continued engagement and
impact at both the national and global level is made possible by support
and charitable grants from:
We look forward to working with you on shaping and influencing the global
health agenda.
Editor's Notes
In the two weeks since publication, the Index has been visited and used more than 2,000 times and we plan to build on this momentum to make this the go-to tool to spark debate and policy action on healthy ageing and preventative health.
We launched the Index alongside the 76th World Health Assembly in Geneva, with 65 key stakeholders at the forefront of global health policy, including representatives from the WHO Healthy Ageing Unit, country delegations and the UN, and many more joining virtually,