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Healthcare Technology & Medical Innovations

The document discusses how technology has changed and impacted healthcare. It covers several key areas: 1) Technology has transformed how clinicians perform their jobs and expanded options for medical treatments through improvements in networking and computers. 2) As demands on healthcare organizations increase, technology solutions are helping to improve performance, increase collaboration, manage costs, streamline processes, automate tasks and improve workflows. 3) Technologies like AI, blockchain, cloud computing, telehealth, and interoperability solutions are further helping to improve patient care, experiences and outcomes while reducing costs.

Health & Medicine◦
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HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY & MEDICAL INNOVATIONS
HOW TECHNOLOGY HAS CHANGED HEALTHCARE Many innovative leaps in health technology have been made in the centuries people have been practicing medicine, yet few have had as much widespread influence or impact as digital technology. Dramatic improvements in networking and computers have not only expanded options for medical treatments but have also transformed how clinicians perform their jobs. As the healthcare industry faces new challenges, technology solutions are helping leaders to improve performance, increase collaboration across systems and manage costs. As demands on organizations increase, healthcare technology can streamline processes, automate tasks and improve workflows at a scale that’s not possible for humans alone. As providers at hospitals and health systems embrace value-based health reimbursement models, these solutions are helping healthcare professionals to improve patient care, create better experiences and reduce
BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE • 1. Improving patient care and experiences • 2. Real-time information exchange • 3. Flexibility for patients and clinicians
AI TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE • Many current efforts to incorporate artificial intelligence in healthcare are focused on clinical-decision support and uncovering useful insights from large collections of data. Healthcare organizations have accumulated so much data that it would be impossible to analyze it without AI. • AI-enabled tools can sift through the large and complex data sets generated from electronic records, notes, images, sensors and devices to find trends that could improve patient care and help researchers develop better treatments for medical conditions. Although AI technology is still relatively new, there are many use cases that could benefit organizations across the healthcare industry.
BLOCKCHAIN IN HEALTHCARE • Blockchain technology in the healthcare industry offers a user- centered way for health information to be securely gathered, verified and shared. Most blockchain systems provide a transparent, distributed ledger of records that cannot be changed without the changes being recorded. The technology can be used to anonymize and safeguards patient data while also providing full transparency and interoperability across diverse, distributed and highly fragmented healthcare systems.
CLOUD COMPUTING IN HEALTHCARE • When most people think of cloud technology, they think of the cloud as a place to store data. Yet cloud environments do more than passive data storage. • Cloud environments offer ways for healthcare organizations to build and customize applications that can automate how data moves through their information technology systems. • Hybrid cloud environments in particular, offer security features that can help organizations maintain compliance with HIPAA and other regulations while giving them the flexibility they need to move data around to where it needs to go. • This flexibility also provides healthcare providers with more options for updating existing legacy systems and workflows. • Cloud adoption opens up opportunities for organizations to use AI and machine learning tools too, which can help uncover hidden patterns and insights that improve how
TELEHEALTH TECHNOLOGY • During the COVID19 pandemic, many providers pivoted to offering appointments through telemedicine. Many payers also adapted to these changes by offering equitable reimbursement for telemedicine and providing better billing options. • Even after the pandemic subsides, the technology ecosystem that supports telemedicine will most likely persist due to the convenience and flexibility it provides. • Patients, especially people who live in remote locations or who work outside of traditional business hours, appreciate having more options for connecting with clinicians whether they're using video software on a computer or a mobile app on their phones.
DRIVING INTEROPERABILITY THROUGH TECHNOLOGY • Interoperability, which is a seamless exchange of data across systems and organizations, is crucial for driving digital transformation in the healthcare industry. • It creates benefits for patients and providers by making relevant data easier to access without sacrificing security or privacy. • When clinicians have to do less work to find the information they need, they have more time to focus on making the best decisions for their patients. • Moreover, healthcare interoperability can lower the total cost of care by reducing the number of unnecessary or repeated tests as well as helping clinicians make diagnoses sooner.
HOW DO WE APPLY HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY? • Disease diagnosis and treatment: Using AI to process data, like medical images, and develop disease models can potentially help clinicians make diagnoses with more precision • Medical imaging: Computers and AI models are particularly valuable in medical imaging because they can help turn pictures into numbers and detect trends • Healthcare operations • Many hospitals and healthcare systems are starting to build on improvements they've seen with electronic medical records and find other ways to systematically improve their operations. Cloud technology, analytics and mobile technology are just a few of the technologies organizations are using to optimize their digital infrastructure. • Clinical research • Life sciences organizations are using technology to transform how clinical trials are being performed. Smart devices, telehealth visits and sensors are being used to support decentralized trials that make data collection more efficient and convenient for the people who participate.
SNAPSHOTS
SNAPSHOTS
• "Application of organized knowledge and skills in the form of devices, medicines, vaccines, procedures, and systems developed to solve a health problem and improve quality of lives WHAT IS HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY
TOP 10 MEDICAL INNOVATIONS Some of the innovations that will optimize/change HC: • 1. Next Generation of mRNA Vaccinology • 2. PSMA-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer • 3. New Treatment for the Reduction of LDL • 4. Novel Drug for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes [One potential therapy is a once-weekly injectable dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1) that aims to control blood sugar.] • 5. Breakthrough Treatment for Postpartum Depression • 6. Targeted Medication for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • 7. Non-Hormonal Alternatives for Menopause • 8. Implantable for Severe Paralysis • 9. AI for Early Detection of Sepsis • 10. Predictive Analytics and Hypertension
• 1. Advancing mRNA technology • 2. Patients embracing telehealth • 3. Adapting to data integration and AI • 4. Securing healthcare data • 5. Creating new pharmaceutical products • 7. Implementing 3D printing • 8. Adjusting to wearables and in-home testing [More and more people are wearing Apple Watches and other wearable devices that can track steps taken, heartbeats, blood oxygen levels and sleep patterns. Physicians and advance practice clinicians will need to incorporate the results from patients using these devices and others to monitor their health]
FUTURE OF HEALTH: DIGITAL INNOVATIONS • 1. Connected Digital Care- Remote patient monitoring is a key part of the “internet of health.” It will allow healthcare providers to monitor a wider range of patients. • 2. AI - is playing an important role in the evolution of the internet of health because it has the ability to analyze and make sense of massive amounts of data, find patterns and make predictions. AI can also assist in managing care by providing decision support. • 3. Real-World Patient Engagement In Healthcare - online communities where patients can share their experiences and support each other. • 4. Increase Security For Digital And Health Data - adopting a data-centric approach, using encryption and employing AI for cybersecurity. A data-centric approach enables organizations to protect their data regardless of where it is stored—on the Internet, on servers or on end users’ devices. Using encryption to protect data at rest and in transit can also help protect digital and health data from cyberthreats. • 5. Improving Telehealth Services - Some of the most common telehealth activities are remote patient monitoring, online doctor visits and virtual visits. For example, remote patient monitoring can be used to help patients with chronic diseases such as pain monitor their conditions.
Purpose / Application • Prevention : Vaccines; Iodized Salt • Screening : pap smear; mammography • Diagnosis : ECG; Blood Tests • Treatment : ARVs, Appendectomy • Rehabilitation:Hearing Aid; Physiotherapy MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES Material Nature • Pharmaceuticals • Biologics • Medical devices • Miscellaneous • Medical & surgical procedures • Support systems • Managerial systems
EVOLUTION OF MEDICAL INNOVATION Three mile-stone medical innovations: • Vaccine: Small-pox vaccine 1796 • Medical device: Hypodermic syringe 1844 • Pharmaceutical: Arsphenamine: 1910
EVOLUTION OF MEDICAL INNOVATION FROM EDWARD JENNER TO GAVI • Up to 20% of deaths in Europe were dues to smallpox in 19th century • The last case of smallpox occurred in 1977. • 2.5 million deaths each year are prevented. • Between 80-90% of infants receive DPT vaccine
EVOLUTION OF MEDICAL INNOVATION MEDICAL DEVICES From adhesive plaster to MRI • 1844, Francis Rynd, first recorded subcutaneous injection. • 1956, plastic disposable syringe patented • 1.3 million/year deaths due to unsafe injections • Auto-destruct syringes, prefilled syringes
# Medicine year Importance 1 Morphine 1827 Commercialized by a pharmacy (Merck), pain management (Germany) 2 Aspirin 1897 Synthetic salicylic acid was commercialized (Germany) 3. Ether 1842 General anaesthetic, transformed surgery (US) Arsphenamine 1910 Syphillis Treatment (Hoechst, Germany) 4. Insulin 1922 1st hormone therapy, transformed diabetes management 5. Penicillin 1929 Transformed the treatment of microbial diseases 6 Chlorpromazine and Haladol 1950 & 1958 Transformed management of psyschosis. (France) (Belgium) 7 Estrogen+ Progestin 1961 Birth Control Pills, deep social impact (USA) 8 Digoxin 1962 Changed treatment of heart failure and hypertension (Germany) (France) 9 Furosemide Loop diuretic, effective treatment of hypertension 10 Atorvastatin 1996 Cholesterol lowering medicine (USA) 11 HAART 1996-7 Transforming effect on AIDS patients EVOLUTION OF HEALTHCARE INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF MOST INFLUENTIAL PHARMACEUTICALS
The Future of Healthcare Innovations
FIRST HUMAN HEAD TRANSPLANTATION • Head transplantation is considered to be an extraordinary and impossible surgical procedure • This innovative surgery promises a life-saving procedure to individuals who suffer from a terminal disease, but whose head and brain are healthy. • In 2017, Ren et al performed successfully a cephalosomatic anastomosis using a human cadaver • Two surgical teams participate and work simultaneously in order to conduct the procedure. • Ethics aside, the brain is a delicate organ, and the spinal cord, which connects to the brain, does not recover well after being cut. • The longest-lived have made it only a few months. Though a few researchers have made headlines by claiming head transplants in humans are just around the corner, the hurdles are massive.
Robotic Nurse Assistant  There are nurses that are injured every year from having to move or lift patients in bed or after an emergency from a fall. The problem is very common and many of times there is not someone around that is strong enough to lift a patient immediately after one of these occurrences.  There are many variations from a full robot such as RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance) developed by RIKEN and  Tokai Rubber Industries and assisted hardware such as HAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb) robot suits delivered by Cyberdyne.
RIBA is the first robot that can lift up or set down a real human from or to a bed or wheelchair. RIBA does this using its very strong human-like arms and by novel tactile guidance methods using high-accuracy tactile sensors. RIBA was developed by integrating RIKEN’s control, sensor, and information processing and TRI’s material and structural design technologies.
A company by the name of HAL is a robotics device that allows a care worker to life a patient with more stability and strength and helps prevent injuries to our nurses.
Anti-Aging Drugs  The dream, or the nightmare, depending on how you take it, is living forever, or at least in the foreseeable future to 120+ years old. 2016 will be the year of a new anti-aging drug test that will enter trials which could see diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s consigned to distant memory.  Scientists now believe that it is possible to actually stop people growing old as quickly and help them live in good health well into their 110s and 120s.
Light bulbs that Disinfect and Kill Bacteria
Electronic Underwear Preventing Bed Sores  Having elderly grandparents that have died from complications due to bedsores is extremely unfortunate, as much of these issues could be prevented. When patients stay motionless for days, weeks, or months they develop painful open wounds due to lack of circulation and compressed skin.
Long Lasting Batteries for Medical Devices and Wearables  The need for power is evident in today’s world, for our houses, cars, and medical devices such as pacemaker batteries that typically need to be replaced with an expensive surgery. With the need for power-hungry devices comes innovation in the form of new technologies that will help provide the world with longer lasting, faster charging batteries.
Aluminum-Ion Batteries: Chemistry Professor Hongjie Dai from Stanford University and his team say their aluminum- ion battery prototype can fully charge a phone in one minute and maintain its strength through thousands of recharge cycles — over seven times as many cycles as current phone batteries. Perhaps the battery’s most impressive quality is its flexibility, meaning it could work with any future devices that are curved or use bendable screens.  Micro Supercapacitors: Rice’s micro super capacitors charge 50 times faster than batteries, discharge more slowly than traditional capacitors and match commercial super capacitors for both the amount of energy stored and power delivered.
 Foam Batteries: The future of batteries is 3D. Prieto is the first company to crack this with its battery that uses a copper foam substrate. This means these batteries will not only be safer, thanks to no flammable electrolyte, but they will also offer longer life, faster charging, five times higher density, be cheaper to make and be smaller than current offerings.  Skin Power: Researches from the National University of Singapore have created a replacement for batteries all together would be an electrode used to harvest the current caused by friction on the skin and clothes. The result is enough power, from a finger tap on skin, to power 12 LED bulbs. The future could mean there are no need for batteries in wearables or smart clothes.
Some weird & wonderful Surgical Procedures
ROTATIONPLASTY: TURNING AN ANKLE INTO A KNEE • Rotationplasty is an extraordinary form of reconstructive surgery that enables the ankle to be used as a knee joint. • The procedure involves the surgical removal of the bottom of the femur, the knee, and the upper tibia. The lower part of the leg is then rotated 180 degrees and attached to the thigh. • Put simply, the foot is attached to the knee backward. Once a prosthesis is fitted, the ankle of the foot functions as a knee. • Rotationplasty is most commonly performed in children who have malignant bone tumors - such as osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma - near the knee that have not responded to other treatments.
OSTEO-ODONTO-KERATOPROSTHESIS: RESTORING SIGHT WITH A TOOTH • Often referred to as "tooth-in-eye" surgery, osteo-odonto- keratoprosthesis (OOKP) is just that - using a tooth to restore a patient's sight. • OOKP involves using a patient's tooth to restore vision. • The procedure involves the removal of a patient's canine or premolar tooth and the surrounding bone; the technique uses the patient's own tooth as the body is unlikely to reject it. A hole is then drilled in the tooth and a plastic lens is inserted. • The lens-tooth structure is then implanted into the patient's cheek, where it grows new blood vessels over a few months. The structure is then removed from the cheek and implanted into the eye. Light is able to travel through the lens, restoring the patient's vision.
REMOVING HALF OF THE BRAIN: HEMISPHERECTOMY • The brain is the most complex organ of the human body, containing billions of nerve cells that act as the command center for physical and psychological functions. • Hemispherectomy involves the partial or total removal or disconnection of one of the two hemispheres of the brain. It is considered a radical procedure, which can take as long as 12 hours to complete. • One of the two hemispheres of the brain are removed or disconnected. • The procedure is usually performed on individuals who have neurological disorders that cause seizures on one side of the brain: epilepsy, perinatal stroke, hemimegalencephaly (where one side of the brain is larger than the other), Sturge-Weber-Dimitri disease (characterized by facial birthmarks, glaucoma, and seizures), and Rasmussen's encephalitis (inflammation of the cerebral cortex).
HETEROTOPIC HEART TRANSPLANT: TWO HEARTS MAY BE BETTER THAN ONE • Heterotopic heart transplantation - also known as "piggyback" heart transplantation - involves implanting a healthy donor heart on the right side of the recipient's damaged heart. Both hearts are surgically attached, allowing blood from the damaged heart to flow into the new heart. The new heart can then pump blood around the body.
DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH A SMALLER COMPANY—USUALLY WITH FEWER RESOURCES—MOVES UPMARKET AND CHALLENGES LARGER, ESTABLISHED BUSINESSES.
• Last 75 years of medical innovation have been more productive than rest of the recorded human history • 21st. Century is the Era of innovation for innovation • The Best is yet to come • Miles to go.................................. SUMMARY