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Health & Industry Trend: Towards Insertables
- 1. Health & Industry Trend: Towards Insertables @kaylajheffernan #Insertables
- 2. Insertables
- 5. Implantable Medical Devices Luggable Wearable Insertable @kaylajheffernan
- 9. Luggable > Wearable > Insertable
- 10. Contraceptives
- 12. MicroCHIPS RFID Contraceptive Device. MIT @kaylajheffernan
- 14. BabyPod Music via the vagina @kaylajheffernan
- 15. Kinsa Smart Thermometer IoT Rectal Thermometer @kaylajheffernan
- 18. Science Fiction
- 20. Dr Alan Westin – 1967 Elaine M Ramesh. Time Enough-Consequences of Human Microchip Implantation. Risk 8 (1997), 373. “ The possibility of ‘permanent implacements’ of ‘tagging devices’ in or on the body ” @kaylajheffernan
- 21. L Mcmurchie. Identifying Risks in Biometric Use. Computing Canada 25, 6 (1999), 11. “ It’s not a big jump to say, ‘OK, you have a wearable, why not just embed the device’ ” @kaylajheffernan
- 22. Meg McGinity. Staying Connected: Body of Technology. Communications of the ACM 43, 9 (2000), 17-19. “ A day when chips are not just worn around the neck, but are actually implanted under a human’s skin ” x-BT researcher Peter Cohrane @kaylajheffernan
- 23. Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Hyo-Joo Han and Vladimir Briller. Year. Public Attitudes Towards a National Identity" Smart Card:" Privacy and Security Concerns. In Proceedings of System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on. IEEE, 8 pp. “ From a purely ‘rational’ point of view, it would make sense to implant a small chip under the skin, rather than have it on a card that can easily be lost ”
- 24. Andy Clark. Natural-Born Cyborgs? In Cognitive Technology: Instruments of Mind, Springer, 2001, 17-24. “ Such discussion is no longer hypothetical ” Andy Clark @kaylajheffernan
- 26. 1998 2001 2004 2005 Prof. Kevin Warwick @kaylajheffernan
- 27. 1998 2001 2004 2005 Prof. Kevin Warwick Dr Richard Seelig @kaylajheffernan
- 28. 1998 2001 2004 2005 Prof. Kevin Warwick Dr Richard Seelig VeriChip Founded @kaylajheffernan
- 29. 1998 2001 2004 2005 Prof. Kevin Warwick Dr Richard Seelig VeriChip Founded Amal Graafstra @kaylajheffernan
- 31. @kaylajheffernan
- 32. Bespoke Devices Magnets RFID & NCF Microchips
- 33. RFID & NFC Microchips About the size of a grain of rice @kaylajheffernan
- 35. New Input Devices @kaylajheffernan Luggable Wearable Insertable
- 36. “ I was super-duper thankful that I went through this small tiny piece of pain for the guarantee that my key would be with me as long as I have my hand, which I’ve never ever forgotten. It only takes one or two times of making a bullshit trip that’s already too long and having to drive the whole way back home, or deal with it for the day, to make you realize like oh a small pinch and this is solved? Yeah, please give me the pinch.
- 38. “ It made everything easier, I didn’t have to type things in or interact with the interfaces, I just had to run my hand over my phone and I was on my way. ”
- 41. @kaylajheffernan
- 42. @kaylajheffernan
- 47. Biometrics from within the body QS to the next level @kaylajheffernan
- 51. Katia Vega – RFID nails
Editor's Notes
- The human body has emerged as more than just a canvas for wearable electronic devices. Technological size and cost reductions, along with power and battery improvements, has meant items that were once external have become wearable, and even insertable.
- We use the term insertables to refer to non-permanent voluntary devices contained within the boundaries of the body – in through or underneath the skin. Insertables are characterized by agency and choice and are therefore used for non-medical purposes.
- Implantable medical devices (IMDs), those inserted into the body for restorative purposes are generally not optional. Many of these devices started as luggables bought to the patient, becoming wearable with technological advancements and then fully insertable – for example the pacemaker
- Menstrual aids too have wearable or insertable forms, with an individual being able to choose whichever they are more comfortable with – wearable pads or insertable tampons or menstrual cups. Even incontinence aids have wearable diapers and a new insertable counterparts for women.
- Menstrual aids too have wearable or insertable forms, with an individual being able to choose whichever they are more comfortable with – wearable pads or insertable tampons or menstrual cups. Even incontinence aids have wearable diapers and a new insertable counterparts for women.
- Menstrual aids too have wearable or insertable forms, with an individual being able to choose whichever they are more comfortable with – wearable pads or insertable tampons or menstrual cups. Even incontinence aids have wearable diapers and a new insertable counterparts for women.
- We can see this trajectory in many health devices.
- We are now seeing insertable form of non-life threatening health and wellbeing products. For example contraceptives exists as wearable prophylactics or insertable in the form of female condoms, diaphragms, intrauterine devices (IUDs) and sub-dermal contraceptive implants.
- Menstrual aids too have wearable or insertable forms, with an individual being able to choose whichever they are more comfortable with – wearable pads or insertable tampons or menstrual cups. Even incontinence aids have wearable diapers and a new insertable counterparts for women.
- Recently, these insertable products are becoming insertable devices such as MircoCHIPS RFID contraceptive currently in development with MIT
- The kickstarted LoonCup, the IoT smart menstrual cup.
- And BabyPod – Insertable speakers to play music to your unborn feotes. These are real, available devices that have some market.
- But it’s not all vagina’s, that’s for the next talk. There’s an IoT smart rectal themometer.
- The use of insertables has been seen for decades in pop culture and science fiction
- from the Cyber Men of doctor who, to the terminator, The six million dollar man and the bionic women. A pleather of cyberpunk films characterized by near-future high-tech often dystopian realities where humans are rebuilt with bionic implants to restore and extend capabilities into the super human. The microchipping trope has accented science fiction – Neo Jacks in, James Bond’s health in monitored and transmitted via a chip, Quaid is implanted in Total Recall, even the T-Rex in Jurassic World realizes she has a tracking microchip inside her and bites it out.
- While microchip tracking is not technically possible, the government is not tracking you with hidden microchips, the concept of insertables is no longer contained just to science fiction.
- Academic musings has been around since 1967 with Dr Alan Westin speaking of “the possibility of ‘permanent implacements’ of ‘tagging devices’ in or on the body”.
- This sentiment has been echoed many times – It’s not a big jump to say OK you have a wearable, why not embed the device
- X-BT Researcher Peter Cohrane foretold of “A day when chips are not just worn around the neck, but are actually implanted under a humans skin”
- and “from a purely "rational" point of view, it would make sense to implant a small chip under the skin, rather than have it on a card that can easily be lost”.
- Such discussion is no longer possible
- To give you a flying (abridged) overview:
- We start with Professor Kevin Warwick’s Cyborg 1.0 experiment in 1998, using an inserted RFID to open doors and active office lights
- In 2001 Dr Richard Seelig self-inserted identification chips after seeing first responders to the twin towers writing their badge numbers on themselves for identification
- In 2004 he received FDA approval for human insertion of RFID chips brand named VeriChip. These were used to store medical and health records for emergency situations – come in unconscious to the hospital and be scanned to find out your medical history and allergies. Approximately 2000 VeriChips were inserted in people and 900 hospitals equip to read them. VeriChips’ were re-appropriated for some notable purposes: including employers of the Mexico Attorney General’s offices and; 100 staff and patrons of the now-defunct Barcelona Baja Beach Club VIP program for access and point of sale payments.
- The VeriChips, like microchips used in pets, have a porous bio-bond coating to prevent migration by bonding to tissue [9]. These chips make removal very invasive and difficult, if not impossible. The first hobbyist to insert an RFID chip, Am-al Graafstra in 2005, sourced non-permanent chips without this coating [3]. Graafstra now sells these insertable chips online [6] and has sold thousands of units thus far and engendered the hobbyist wave of insertable use.
- So we know people are inserting devices into their bodies, but what and why was not known on scale.
- Who uses insertables. Of our 17 participants most were male with only three female with ages ranging from 18 to mid-40s. Participants were from Australia, New Zealand and the United States, and while their digital literacy and technical abilities varied many worked in highly technical areas.
- Our 17 participants had a total of 47 devices currently within their bodies, not including those that had been removed and replaced for upgrades. Participants had: Magnets – used for interacting with electronic and digital objects NFC and RFID microchips for authentication and authorization, access, storing and sharing information and temperature readings and bespoke devices for experimentation
- RFID & NFC microchips are approximately the size of a grain of rice. They are inserted using large gauge syringes like those used to body piercings of pet micro chipping. Once inserted they are invisible to the naked eye.
- This includes home, phone, work and car access. Replacing luggable keys and wearable dongles with insertables.
- It may seem trivial but never been able to forget your keys certainly has benefits. You never get locked out and have to call a locksmith or try climb through the cat flap. You never have to leave work because you’re child has locked themselves out of the house. As one participant puts it: I was super-duper thankful that I went through this small tiny piece of pain for the guarantee that my key would be with me as long as I have my hand, which I’ve never ever forgotten. It only takes one or two times of making a bullshit trip that’s already too long and having to drive the whole way back home, or deal with it for the day, to make you realize like oh a small pinch and this is solved? Yeah, please give me the pinch.
- Participants were using insertables as input triggers to automatically and seamlessly launch applications without interacting with devices, other than to hold their hand to a reader. Just like wearables [1], interactions with insertables are efficient, as users do not need to carry devices nor stop what they are doing to interact with one. For example, one participant set up the coordinates of his lab
- Magnets are milimeters small (sorry, I’ve used an Australia $2 coin, not the best for scale) They are generally inserted using a scalpel and are also invisible once healed. You can read more about insertion and acceptance in our paper.
- And the lovers’ magnet configuration, used to join on the back when a couple holds hands.
- The insertion position selected is generally based on use, with form following function. The standard position for microchips isin the webbing of the hand, between the thumb and the index finger. The webbing is away from vital tissues and organs, provides protection for the chip and affords an easy and natural interaction with sensors and phones. Only two participants deviated from this standard position, those using the bio-therm chips, which they placed in their forearms for convenience of reading data by strapping on a reader. Magnets were commonly positioned at nerve endings particularly the fingertips to pick up electromagnetic waves and create new sensations. Magnets in other locations were to afford specific interactions: a magnet in the wrist so that a wearable could be positioned over it to digitally interact, magnets in the tragi for audio sensations…
- Many of our participants claimed that insertables provide increased usability over existing solutions. Use of insertables as input to existing interfaces removes the need for individuals to stop and interact with devices, making them natural user interfaces (NUIs) with intuitive and seamless interactions.
- Our participants expressed frustration with managing wearables; they no longer wanted to be bothered by carrying or wearing objects they could forget and had to manage, recharge and put on. Some found wearables uncomfortable and didn’t even wear their wedding rings. Participants had eliminated keys, dongles and external devices by relegating these input and storage functions to insertable devices. Our participants opted in to insertables. For them, the benefits out weighed any pain or discomfort. They didn’t want to manage keys, wallets or purses and phones, manage glasses, put wearables on and off and make sure they’re charged. You try and minimize the number of things they worry about in the day - one partricipant refered to this as the tamagotchi effect
- As devices are miniaturized they are integrated into our everyday experience, they become a part of us. In this era of ubiquitous computing there is a blurring of the line between ourselves and the technologies that we use. When this technology is physically inside us, this line is blurrier than ever before. Participants spoke of the impermanent permanence of insertables. They can be removed, yet cannot be forgotten. They are the only truly always available device. Participants wanted devices that became a part of them – some were not satisfied with a purely biological body and saw this as the next stage of human evolution. Clearly insertable devices are ubiquitous – small and unobstructed and comfortable to an extent that participants forgot their existence. To the point that participants associated the capabilities of the insertable devices as capabilities of themselves. Many spoke of their abilities as “I can” rather than attributing the device. Participants took their capabilities for granted as they became their new norm.
- Instead of placing a device on the body when needed, and taking it off again when no longer required, we are seeing people augment the body in a semi-permanent way with an insertable device. This augmentation is typically not visible to others – comparable to those who choose to insert contact lenses rather than wear glasses. What does the use of these deices mean for the future of HCI & UX?
- Insertables offer interesting new possibilities for the quantified self movements – they stay out of the way during recreational activities, are waterproof by nature and do not become uncomfortable with movement, chaffing or sweat. 2 participants were using insertables for body temperature readings, with one trying to set up his air-conditioning to automatically adjust based on this reading rather than ambient temperature controls.
- Our participants have repurposed old technologies, NFC and RFID, for new, input, applications [36] from within their bodies. The lack of a suitable ecosystem for insertable devices remains an ongoing challenge. NFC and RFID are not currently widespread input options, often requiring additional peripherals or making of specialized devices to receive input. Our participants have gone through considerable effort to modify systems to accept their insertables as valid input. If these formats became popular input technologies, users will be able to access systems more readily.
- Some of our participants have also begun to experiment with insertables to receive data in a hands-free manner without having to stop what they are doing. Two of our participants are experimenting with use of insertables for more than a notification that another device needs their attention. They transmit the data itself to magnets, rather than simply a haptic notification. One application was a depth sensor transmitting data from a wearable over the magnet of proximity. They were able to walk around a room successfully with their eyes closed - a proof of concept to replace senses in the blind. Leveraging insertable devices in this manner can be used to achieve truly hands-free, eyes-free information receipt for individuals with and without impairments. Receiving and interpreting data from insertables has the potential to give invisible improvements in sensorial parity.
- While some were using insertables for sensorial extension, taken them beyond what humans can naturally do. Many participants were using magnets to add a new sense of being able to ‘feel’ electromagnetic waves, 2 participants used their tragi magnets, along with a wearable coil, to create and transmit sound waves that the magnets would pick up. This effectively makes invisible headphones to sound like it’s coming from inside your head, rather then through your ears. The aim was not just for music. The pioneer of this configuration is going blind and is experimenting with replacing that sense with echolocation. . Using insertables for sensory improvement offers new modalities.
- It is true, however, that not all users will be satisfied with inserting devices into their bodies. Gluing RFID tags onto nails is “far less controversial” [47] and threatening for the wider populous. Wearable and insertable devices can coexist alongside one another with users being able to choose whichever they are comfortable with, and what meets their needs.
- The body’s roughly 2 square metres of skin is a canvas for devices. The insides of the body are no longer limited to just implantable medical devices as some individuals are already experimenting to use the internal 66L as a platform for insertable devices. As acceptance grows, insertables may become a device mode of choice for future NUIs.