Health Coverage in Newspaper and it's Gatekeeping Process

i=dkfjrk ,oa tulapkj esa
ih,p-Mh- dh mikf/k
gsrq izLrqrh
“kks/k funsZf”kdk “kks/kkFkhZ
Mk0 fcUnq “kekZ jks”ku yky
,lksfl,V izksQslj
tulapkj ,ao ehfM;k izkS|ksfxdh laLFkku
dq:{ks= fo”ofo|ky;] dq:{ks=A
2019
Lkekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; dojst o xsVdhfiax izfØ;k dk v/;;u

Hkwfedk
• fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fodkl ds lanHkZ esa igyh izkFkfedrk tu&LokLF; dks nh
tkuh pkfg,A Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 47 esa jkT; ds uhfr funsZ'kd fl}karks
esa Hkh dgk x;k gS fd iks"kkgkj dk Lrj vkSj thou&Lrj dks Åapk djuk rFkk
yksd LokLF; dks csgrj cukuk jkT; dk drZO; gksxkA
 ,d pkbuht vfHkO;fDr ds vuqlkj& ;fn fdlh jk"Vª dh ;kstuk ,d o"kZ ds
fy, gS rks mls pkoy mxkuk pkfg,] ;fn ;g ;kstuk 25 o"kZ ds fy, gS rks mls
isM+ mxkus pkfg, vkSj ;fn ;g ;kstuk lkS o"kksZ ds fy, gS rks ml jk"Vª dks
vius ukxfjdksa dks LokLF; f'k{kk nsuh pkfg,A

;g 'kks/k D;ksa t:jh gS
• ,d gtkj cPpksa esa 4-1 izfr'kr cPpksa dh e`R;q tUe ds ,d lky ds Hkhrj gks tkrh gSA
• Ikzfr 10]000 esa ls -74 izfr'kr efgyk,a ekr` e`R;q dk f'kdkj gksrh gSaSA eryc gj ?kaVs esa ikap efgykvksa dh izlo ds
nkSjku gksus okyh tfVyrkvksa ds dkj.k e`R;q gks tkrh gSA
• Hkkjr esa lclsa T;knk ekSrsa g`n; ls lacaf/kr chekjh dh otg ls gksrh gSaA 2005 ls 2016 ds chp bu ekSrksa esa 53
izfr'kr dh c<+kSrjh gqbZ gSA
• izfro"kZ yxHkx 25 yk[k yksxksa dh vlkef;d e`R;q vdsys iznw"k.k ls gks tkrh gSA
• ns'k esa 5 yk[k fpfdRldksa dh deh gSA 10]189 yksxksa ij ,d ljdkjh MkWDVj gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu }kjk r;
ekud ds eqrkfcd ,d gtkj yksxksa ij ,d MkWDVj gksuk pkfg,A
• egt 55 gtkj Nk= gj lky 462 esfMdy dkWystksa ls xzstq,V gksrs gS] tcfd ns'k dh tula[;k izfro"kZ 2-6 djksM+
c<+ jgh gSA
• bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gS fd fpfdRldksa dh deh o c<+rh chekfj;ksa ds chp ;fn ehfM;k lgh o mfpr tkudkjh
miyC/k djokrs gSa rks yksx csgrj LokLF; izkIr dj ldrs gSA dgk Hkh tkrk gS fd “Prevention is better than
cure”

LokLF; D;k gS
• ßftlds ikl LokLF; gS] og vk'kk j[krk gS vkSj ftlds ikl vk'kk gS mlds ikl lcdqN gSAÞ
• LokLF; flQZ vPNh ;k cqjh Hkkouk] ckgjh lkSan;Z] gsYFk pkVZ dk vPNk gksus ls gh ugha gS cfYd ;g ,slh O;kid
fLFkfr gS ftlls ge lHkh leku :Ik ls tqMs gq, gSa&dSyk izksysDl] gSfQaxVu iksLV
• fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds vuqlkj& LokLF; flQZ jksx ;k nqcZyrk dh vuqifLFkfr gh ugha cfYd ,d iw.kZ 'kkjhfjd]
ekufld vkSj lkekftd [kq'kgkyh dh fLFkfr gSA LoLFk yksx jkstejkZ dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls fuiVus ds fy, vkSj fdlh
Hkh ifjos'k ds eqrkfcd vius vkidks ifjfLFkfr ds vuqdwy djus esa l{ke gksrs gSA
• ;g ,d ,slh fLFkfr gksrh gS ftlesa ,d O;fDr 'kkjhfjd :i ls] ekufld :i ls] lkekftd o vk/;kfRed :i ls
dk;Z djus esa l{ke gksrk gS vkSj og ftl okrkoj.k esa jg jgk gS mlesa og viuk iwjk ;ksxnku ns lds& esfMdy
fMD'kujh

LokLF; ds izdkj
• 'kkjhfjd LokLF;& 'kkjhfjd LokLF; 'kjhj dh fLFkfr dks n'kkZrk gS ftlesa bldh
lajpuk] fodkl] dk;Zç.kkyh vkSj j[kj[kko 'kkfey gksrk gSA ;g ,d O;fä dk lHkh
igyqvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ,d lkekU; fLFkfr gSA
• ekufld LokLF;& ekufld LokLF; dk vFkZ gekjs HkkoukRed vkSj vkè;kfRed
yphysiu ls gS tks gesa vius thou esa nnZ] fujk'kk vkSj mnklh dh fLFkfr;ksa esa
thfor jgus ds fy, l{ke cukrh gSA ekufld LokLF; gekjh Hkkoukvksa dks O;ä
djus vkSj thou dh <+sj lkjh ek¡xksa ds çfr vuqdwyu dh {kerk gSA
• ckSf)d LokLF;& ;g fdlh ds Hkh thou dks c<+kus ds fy, dkS'ky vkSj Kku dks
fodflr djus ds fy, laKkukRed {kerk gSA gekjh ckSf)d {kerk gekjh jpukRedrk
dks çksRlkfgr vkSj gekjs fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk esa lqèkkj djus esa enn djrk gSA

LokLF; ds izdkj
• vkè;kfRed LokLF;& gekjk vPNk LokLF; vkè;kfRed :i ls LoLFk gq, fcuk
vèkwjk gSA thou ds vFkZ vkSj mís'; dh ryk'k djuk gesa vkè;kfRed cukrk gSA
vkè;kfRed LokLF; gekjs futh ekU;rkvksa vkSj ewY;ksa dks n'kkZrk gSA
• lkekftd LokLF;& pw¡fd ge lkekftd tho gSa vr% larks"ktud fj'rs dk
fuekZ.k djuk vkSj mls cuk, j[kuk gesa LokHkkfod :i ls vkrk gSA lkekftd
:i ls lcds }kjk Lohdkj fd;k tkuk gekjs HkkoukRed [kq'kgkyh ds fy, vPNh
rjg tqM+k gqvk gSA

LokLF; o lekpkj i=
 ehfM;k ,oa LokLF;& ehfM;k yksxksa ds thou dk
,d dsUnz fcUnw gSA ehfM;k ds }kjk yksxksa dks
pkSchlksa ?k.Vs tkudkjh miyC/k djokbZ tk jgh
gSA vf/kdrj yksx vius le; dk mi;ksx
Vsyhfotu ns[kus] lekpkj i= i<+us] baVjusV dk
iz;ksx] laxhr lquus vkfn esa djrs gSaA uhfr
fuekZrk o LokLF; lsok iznku djus okys laxBu
ehfM;k dh {kerk dks tkurs gSa fd ;g yksxksa ds
LokLF; dks izHkkfor dj ldrk gSA ehfM;k ds
yksxksa dk ;g mÙkjnkf;Ro gS fd os yksxksa dks
LokLF; o foKku ds {ks= esa lgh tkudkjh
miyC/k djok,A
• lekpkj i= o LokLF; lapkj& fdlh fo'ks"k
chekjh ls cpko ds fy, pykbZ tk jgh eqfge esa
lekpkj i=ksa dh [kkl Hkwfedk jgrh gSaA mnkgj.k
ds fy, iksfy;ks dh chekjh ds f[kykQ pyk, x,
vfHk;ku ls Hkkjr iksfy;ks eqDr gks x;k gSA blh
rjg Vh-ch- ds fy, Hkh fdlh u fdlh fQYe
LVkj dks bl eqfge ds fy, fu;qDr fd;k tkrk
gSA Vh-ch- ds fy, MkWV flLVe ls cf<+;k dksbZ
bykt ugha gSA [kqys esa 'kkSp tkus ls gksus okyh
chekfj;ksa ds izfr vferkHk cPpu }kjk njoktk
cUn ;kstuk dk izpkj o izlkj fd;k tk jgk gSA
lgh o mfpr lapkj] chekfj;ksa ls vkidk cpko
djokrk gSA

egRoiw.kZ fdrkcsa
izFke Hkkx LokLF; lapkj o mlds lS)kafrd i{k dh vksj bafxr djrk gSA f}rh; Hkkx esa
LokLF; lsok,a iznkrk ,oa ejht ds e/; okrkZyki] r`rh;k Hkkx lkekftd o lkeqnkf;d
LokLF; eqn~nksa] prqFkZ Hkkx LokLF; laxBukRed eqn~nksa o iape~ Hkkx esa ehfM;k b';q
o vafre Hkkx esa LokLF; eqn~nksa dh pqukSfr;ksa dh ppkZ dh xbZA
LokLF; lapkj ds vuqla/kku vDlj lekpkj fefM;k (News
Media) dks ,d vuqokn midj.k ds :i esa j[krk gS fd vPNs
izHkko ds fy, dSls LokLF; laca/kh tkudkjh ukxfjd izkIr dj ldrs
gSa ;g lkekU; n`f"Vdks.k crkrk gS fd i=dkj fdl
izdkj fpfdRlk oSKkfudksa] fpfdRldksa vkSj vU; LokLF; vf/kdkfj;ksa ls lkekU; o
tSo&fpfdRlk ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh dks vius lekpkjksa esa LFkku ns ldrs gS] os ;g Hkh tku
ldrs gS fd dSls bU¶yw,atk ds izlkj dks lhfer dj ldrs gSa] cpiu ds eksVkis dks jksdus]
e/kqesg ds tksf[ke dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA LokLF; i=dkfjrk vfuok;Z :i ls tkudkjh
ds izlkj ds fy, tSo&fpfdRlk fo'ks"kK o fuf"Ø;k ehfM;k n'kZdksa ds chp e/;LFk dk dk;Z
djrh gSA

'kks/k i=
MkW vfÝdhl ¼2013½ us ?kkuk ds lekpkj i=ksa Msyh xzkfQd] ?kkusfu;u VkbEl vkSj ifCyd ,tsaMk esa LokLF; {ks= dks
fdruh dojst o LokLF; leL;kvkssa dks fdl izdkj n'kkZ;k tk jgk gS] mUgksus o"kZ 2003 ls 2005 ds eè; izR;sd lekpkj i=
ds N% b'kw (Issues) dks lfEefyr dj dqy 54 lekpkj i=ksa dk vUrZoLrq fo'kys"k.k fof/k }kjk 'kks/k fd;kA bl 'kks/k esa ik;k
x;k fd bl nkSjku 154 LokLF; ys[kksa dk izdk'ku fd;k x;kA ?kkuk ds lekpkj i=ksa esa eysfj;k] ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l] ân;
vkSj vka[kksa dh chekfj;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;kA ?kkusfu;u lekpkj i=ksa esa chekfj;ksa dh dojst ds nkSjku muds dkj.kksa]
y{k.kksa o funku ds ckjs esa ppkZ dh xbZA
fouk vYxj ¼2012½ us ,d v/;;u esa dgk fd lkekpkj i=ksa ds izHkko dks lpkaj ds egRoiw.kZ Hkkx ls vyx ugha fd;k tk
ldrkA lekpkj i=ksa esa ;g {kerk gS fd og yksxksa ds O;ogkj dks ifjofrZr dj ldsaA bl 'kks/k ds fy, mUgksus pkj lekpkj
i=ksa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k] n fgUnw] fot; dukZVdk vkSj ijktkouh dk N% eghus ,d ebZ 2003 ls 31 vDrqcj 2003 rd
rF;ksa ds ,df=dj.k ds fy, mUgksus vUrZoLrq fo'ys"k.k i)fr dk iz;ksx fd;kA bl 'kks/k ds vuqlkj dsoy ?kVukRed
vkRegR;k] o vU; fdlh chekjh ls gksus okyh e`R;q dks vR;f/kd fjiksZV fd;k x;kA tcfd fdlh u, vkfo"dkj o ubZ
rduhd tks LokLF; ds {ks= esa egRoiw.kZ gks ldrh gS dks de fjiksZV fd;k x;k gSA

'kks/k i=
 ukbthfj;k izsl esa xsVdhfiax dks ns[kus ds fy, pkYlZ vksfdaxk }kjk ,d 'kks/k 21 lhfu;j fjiksZVlZ o laikndksa dks
ysdj fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/k esa mUgksus ik;k fd lekpkj i=ksa esa dkWiksZjsV fl)kUr o lekpkj i=ksa dh fufr;ka
xsVdhfiax dks izHkkfor djrh gSa vkSj ;g nksuksa rjg ds futh o ljdkjh lekpkj i=ksa ij leku :Ik ls dk;Z djrh gSA
futh lekpkj i=ksa esa LokfeRo dkjd Hkh xsVdhfiax dks izHkkfor djrh gS rFkk iwokZxzg o O;fDxr izkFkfedrk dk Hkh
FkksM+k cgqr izHkko xsVdhfiax esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
fVeksFkh dksYQQhYM o vU; ¼2014½ }kjk fd, x, v/;;u esa dgk x;k fd LkkekU; ukxfjdksa ds LokLF; esa lEcfU/r
fofHkUu laiwjd (Supplements) nokvksa dk ;ksxnku t:jh gSA lekpkj i=ksa esa izdkf'kr 80 izfr'kr ys[kksa ls irk
pyrk gSa fd bXySaM] vesfjdk vkSj dukM+k ds ukxfjd laiwjd nokvksa esa foVkfeu&Mhñ dks ysuk vR;f/kd ilUn djrs
gSA D;ksafd ehfM;k ds }kjk ;g n'kkZ;k tk jgk gS fd foVkfeu Mhñ gesa gfM~M;ksa dh rkdr ds lkFk&lkFk] dSalj vkSj
ân; fd fcekfj;ksa ls cpko djrk gSA o"kZ 2009&2014 ds nkSjku lekpkj i=ksa esa izdkf'kr 294 ys[kksa dk vè;;u djus
ds i'pkr fu"d"kZ :i ls dg ldrs gS fd foVkfeu&Mhñ vPNs LokLF; ds fy, vko';d gSA

'kks/k i=
lkjkokWl o vy ØkWl] ¼2011½ dk ekuuk gS fd cM+s lekpkji=ksa o ehfM;k ds vU;
ek/;eksa esa rks vDlj 'kks/k gksrs jgs gSa ysfdu y?kq lekpkji=ksa esa LokLF; lacaf/kr
'kks/k de gq, gSaA izLrqr 'kks/k esa xzkeh.k lekpkji=ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA “kks/kdrkZ
us bl dk;Z ds fy, Ng eghus ds 178 LFkkuh; dsaVdh lekpkji=ksa dks 'kkfey
fd;kA O;kolkf;d dfVax lsok U;wt xzqi dh enn ls mUgksaus 1919 LokLF; lekpkj
ys[kksa dk v/;;u ,d dksMcqd ds }kjk fd;kA bl 'kks/k dh izekf.kdrk ds vk/kkj
ij ik;k x;k fd LFkkuh; xzkeh.k lekpkji=ksa esa dqy N% eghus ds vUrjky esa dsoy
1208 LokLF; ys[k izdkf'kr fd, x,A bu ys[kksa dks Ng eghus ds vUrjky ds
nkSjku ns[ksa rks 133 lekpkji=ksa esa Ng eghus ds nkSjku dsoy 1208 LokLF; ys[k
izdkf'kr fd, x, tks dkQh de la[;k esa gSaA

'kks/k i=
vkj Mh lwtk ¼2007½ us gsYFk dojst dh J`a[kyk dks vkxs c<+krs gq, Hkkjrh;
lekpkji=ksa esa ,p-vkbZ-oh-@,M~l ds lans'kksa dh lajpuk ij dk;Z fd;kA mUgksus dgk
fd Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa ,M~l dks ehfM;k }kjk fo'ks"k lajpukRed :i ls izLrqr djus
dh vko';drk gSA jftLVªkj vkWQ U;wtisij dh fjiksVZ esa lcls T;knk izlkfjr
lekpkji=ksa VkWbEl vkWQ bf.M;k o n fgUnq dk p;u tuojh 2004 ls ekpZ 2005
rd fd;kA bl nkSjku ,pvkbZoh-@,M~l dh leL;k dh xaHkhjrk dks ns[krs gq,
mUgksaus bl leL;k dks ;q) :id eglwl fd;kA ehfM;k }kjk ,pvkbZoh@,M~l dh
dojst esa bldh Hk;kud fLFkfr ds izLrqfrdj.k ds lkFk&lkFk uSfrd f'k{kk] d.Mkse
o ,M~l ls cpus ds mik;ksa o nokbZ;ksa dh miyC/rk ij cy fn;k x;kA

eq[; mís';
'kks/k ds eq[; mís'; bl izdkj gaS&
 izeq[k jk"Vªh; Lkekpkji=ksa esa LokLF; lEcU/kh dojst dk v/;;u djukA
 LokLF; lekpkjksa dh dojst djus okys laoknnkrkvksa dh i`"BHkwfe] LokLF; laca/kh
tkudkjh dk Lrj vkSj LokLF; laca/kh eqn~nksa dh pquko izfdz;k dk v/;;u djukA
 LokLF; eqnnksa dh xsVdhfiax izfØ;k esa laikndksa dh Hkwfedk dk v/;;u djukA
'kks/k ds mns~”;

'kks/k ds mns~”;
fof'k"V mís';
mijksDr mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, fuEufyf[kr fof'k"V mís'; fu/kkZfjr fd, x, gSa&
 izeq[k jk"Vªh; Lkekpkji=ksa esa LokLF; laca/kh lekpkjksa] ys[kksa o Qhpj] laikndh; ys[kksa] QksVksxzk¶l
dks fn, tkus okys dqy LFkku dk v/;;u djukA
 ;g tkuuk fd LokLF; laca/kh lekpkjksa esa fdu&fdu eqn~nksa dh dojst dh tk jgh gSA
 ;g ns[kuk fd LokLF; lekpkjksa dks fdl i`"B ij LFkku fn;k tk jgk gSA
 LokLF; lekpkjksa ds lzksrksa dk v/;;u djukA
 lekpkjksa o ys[kksa dh Hkk"kk dk xq.kkRed v/;;u djukA
 ;g v/;;u djuk fd LokLF; dojst ls lacaf/kr laoknnkrk LokLF; eqn~nksa ds p;u ds le; fdu
dkjdksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gSaA
 ;g v/;;u djuk fd LokLF; ls lacaf/kr dojst djus okys laoknnkrkvksa dks fdu eqf'dyksa dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA
;g tkuuk fd lekpkj laiknd o laiknd LokLF; laca/kh eqn~nksa dkss fdruk egRo nsrs gSaA

varoZLrq
fo'ys"k.k
losZ{k.k
lk{kkRdkj
'kks/k fof/k

'kks/k fof/k o lSaiy dk pquko
'kks/k
fof/k
varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k
losZ{k.k
lk{kkRdkj
lekpkj i=
laoknnkrk
laiknd o
lekpkj laiknd

'kks/k fof/k& varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k
varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k%
lekpkj i=&&fgUnh ds lekpkj i=& vej mtkyk
nSfud HkkLdj
nSfud tkxj.k
& vaxzth ds lekpkj i=& fgUnqLrku VkbEl
n fgUnw
VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k

'kks/k dh bZdkbZ
 lekpkj
 laikndh;
 ys[k o Qhpj
 dkWye
 lk{kkRdkj
 lEiknd ds uke i=
 QksVksxzkQ

lsaiy lkbt& dqy i`’B la[;k
lsaiy lkbt% vizSy 2015 ls flrEcj 2015
dqy lekpkj i=ksa dh la[;k ¾ 1092
lekpkj i= vizSy ebZ twu tqykbZ vxLr flrEcj dqy i`’B
la[;k
vej mtkyk 390 412 396 428 380 368 2374
nSfud HkkLdj 376 292 372 374 352 346 2112
nSfud tkxj.k 364 436 412 416 412 392 2432
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 456 510 476 504 502 490 2938
n fgUnw 498 490 460 552 606 568 3174
VkbEl vkWQ
bf.M;k
512 584 590 548 614 582 3430

'kks/k fof/k& losZ{k.k
lekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; dks fjiksZV djus okys laoknnkrk
losZ{k.k Vwy% iz'ukoyh

'kks/k fof/k& lk{kkRdkj
pqus x, lekpkj i=ksa ds laikndksa o lekpkj laikndksa dk lk{kkRdkj fd;k x;k gSA
lk{kkRdkj ds fy, laikndksa o lekpkj laikndksa ds fy, vyx&vyx iz'uksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k
x;k gSA

eq[; ifj.kke% fofHkUu QkesZV esa LokLF; dks fn;k x;k LFkku
¼fgUnh lekpkj i=ksa esa½
vej mtkyk nSfud HkkLdj nSfud tkxj.k
osfj,cy dqy la[;k LokLF; eqn~nsa LFkku dqy la[;k LokLF; eqn~nsa LFkku dqy la[;k LokLF; eqn~nsa LFkku
Lk- lS-eh- Lk- lS-eh- Lk- lS-eh-
Lkekpkj 14009 207 20614.8 17172 252 28045 14303 272 31482.2
Lakikndh; 155 2 664 152 2 908.25 362 16 1895.05
dkWye 702 27 3044.6 749 3 111.5 377 5 306
Qhpj&ys[k 1256 88 17631.9 985 26 4971.1 1206 73 17337.4
feMy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
vU; 1122 3 54 2404 12 1486.1 2294 12 635
dqy 17244 327 42009.2 21462 295 35522 18542 378 51655.6

eq[; ifj.kke% fofHkUu QkesZV esa LokLF; dks fn;k x;k LFkku
¼vaxzsth lekpkj i=ksa esa½
fgUnqLrku VkbEl n fgUnw VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k
osfj,cy dqy la[;k LokLF; eqn~nsa LFkku dqy la[;k LokLF; eqn~nsa LFkku dqy la[;k LokLF; eqn~nsa LFkku
Lk- lS-eh- Lk- lS-eh- Lk- lS-eh-
Lkekpkj 18230 172 22912.3 20062 147 28573.7 15581 155 30815.1
Lakikndh; 283 1 237.5 307 5 2386.55 252 3 534
dkWye 120 0 0 328 0 0 359 2 429
Qhpj&ys[k 862 36 14479.5 1239 36 13011.8 786 19 10057.7
ehMy 131 0 0 0 0 0 121 1 246.5
vU; 2111 13 615 2546 41 2034.08 1929 11 1901.98
dqy 21737 222 38244.3 24482 229 46006.1 19028 191 43984.2

lekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; lekpkj

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa doj fd, x, eq[; LokLF; eqn~ns

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa leL;k o lek/kku
Lkekpkji= leL;k izfr'kr lek/kku izfr'kr dqy
vej mtkyk 66 31.88 141 68.12 207
nSfud HkkLdj 64 25.40 188 74.60 252
nSfud tkxj.k 65 23.90 107 39.34 272
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 73 42.44 99 57.56 172
n fganq 54 36.73 93 63.27 147
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k 58 37.42 97 62.58 155

LokLF; lekpkjksa dk i``"B ds vuqlkj izdk”ku

lekpkji=ksa esa {ks= ds vk/kkj ij LokLF; lekpkj

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa QksVksxzk¶l dk iz;ksx
Lkekpkj i= dyj izfr'kr CySd ,aM
OgkbZV
izfr'kr dqy
vej mtkyk
52 91.23 5 8.77 57
nSfud HkkLdj
81 95.29 4 4.71 85
nSfud tkxj.k
64 100.00 0 0.00 64
fgUnqLrku VkbEl
45 97.83 1 2.17 46
n fganq
54 100.00 0 0.00 54
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k
60 82.19 13 17.81 73

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa baQksxzk¶l dk iz;ksx
Lkekpkj i= baQksxzk¶l
vej mtkyk 3
nSfud HkkLdj 7
nSfud tkxj.k 13
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 23
n fganq 19
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k 54

LokLF; lekpkjksa dh dkWye la[;k

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa eq[; dsUnz fcanq

LokLF; lekpkjksa ds “kh’kZdksa ¼gsMykbu½ dh izLrqfr
gsMykbu ds izdkj dqy izfr'kr
LdkbZykbu 0 0.00%
cSuj 3 0.25%
Økl ykbu 384 31.87%
Msd gsMykbu 160 13.28%
Mcy Msd gsMykbu 6 0.50%
ys¶V ,ykbu gsMykbu 573 47.55%
jkbV ,ykbu gsMykbu 0 0.00%
dkWV~l gsMykbu 50 4.15%
iz'u okpd gsMykbu 2 0.17%
tEi gsMykbu 7 0.58%
Lis'ky gsMykbu 20 1.66%
LVsi gsMykbu 2 0.17%
iz'uokpd]Økl gsMykbu 1 0.08%
VksVy 1205 100

LokLF; ls lacaf/kr laikndh;
Lkekpkj i= dqy laikndh; LokLF; ls lacaf/kr
laikndh;
izfr'kr
vej mtkyk 155 2 1.29
nSfud HkkLdj 152 2 1.32
nSfud tkxj.k 362 16 4.42
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 283 1 0.35
n fganq 307 5 1.63
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k 252 3 1.19

lekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; ij ys[k o Qhpj
Lkekpkji= dqy ys[k o Qhpj LokLF; ys[k o Qhpj izfr'kr
vej mtkyk 1256 88 7.01
n fganq 1239 36 2.91

LokLF; Qhpj o ys[kksa esa QksVksxzk¶l dk iz;ksx
Lkekpkji= dyj izfr'kr~ CySd ,aM OgkbZV izfr'kr~
vej mtkyk 98 98 2 2
nSfud HkkLdj 3 100 0 0
nSfud tkxj.k 58 100 0 0
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 46 100 0 0
n fganq 30 100 0 0
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k 31 93.94 2 6.06

LokLF; Qhpj o ys[kksa esa baQksxzk¶l dk iz;ksx
Lkekpkji= baQksxzk¶l
vej mtkyk 23
nSfud HkkLdj 1
nSfud tkxj.k 4
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 17
n fganq 7
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k 6

Lkekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; dkWye
Lkekpkji= dqy dkWye LokLF; ds
dkWye
izfr'kr
vej mtkyk 702 27
3.85
nSfud HkkLdj 749 3
0.40
nSfud tkxj.k 377 5
1.33
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 120 0
0.00
n fganq 328 0
0.00
VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k 359 2
0.56

Lkekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; ij vk/kkfjr feMy
Lkekpkji= dqy feMy
LokLF; ds
feMy
izfr'kr
vej mtkyk 0 0 0.00
n fganq 0 0 0.00

LokLF; ls lacaf/kr laiknd ds uke i=
lekpkji= lkekU;
izfrfØ;k
izdkf'kr laikndh; o
ys[kksa dk leFkZu
vkykspukRed ewY;
lao/kZu
laiknd ds uke
dqy i=
vej mtkyk 1 0 1 1 3
nSfud HkkLdj 0 0 0 0 0
nSfud tkxj.k 3 2 4 2 11
fgUnqLrku VkbEl 2 1 3 2 8
n fganq 6 4 2 6 18
VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k 0 0 0 0 0
dqy 12 07 10 11 40

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa rduhdh 'kCn
lekpkji= rduhdh 'kCn
vej mtkyk fXyvksek] ,dkWfLVd U;qjksek] lksfM;e XywdkesV] eksysD;wyl] FkzksEcksfll
flEisFksVsDVkWeh] xSaxzhu] lhchlh e'khu] VsEiksjkseSfMC;qyj] iYeksujh
,EcksfyTe
nSfud HkkLdj ehtksFkhfy;ksek] dheksbacksykbts'ku] oSD;we vflLVsM fV';w izkslslj]
,EcsfMax LVs'ku] eksVjkbTM ekbdzksQkse] vkWVksdoj f'kij
nSfud tkxj.k xk;uhdkseSfLV;k,] eLdqyj fMLVªkQh] ;wVjl izksySIl] gheksfyfVd
,uhfe;k] Fkzzkssacl] jsfM;ks fQzDosalh U;wjksVWeh] eSuMhC;wysDVWeh] vkWClVªfDVo
iYeujh fMlht] gsyhdkWcsDVj ik;yjh cSDVhfj;k]Xykbflfed baMsDl]
esVkLVSfVd] esxk izksLFksfVd fyEc lkYost ltZjh] ukWdVuZy ,uqjsfll]
dUtafDVokbfVl] ,jsdukWbM

LokLF; lekpkjksa esa rduhdh 'kCn
fgUnqLrku VkbEl Kleptomaniacs, tetanus Pertussis, Haemophilus influenza, Deworming, Rhinoplasty,
Liposuction, cartilage, Rosacea, Retinoblastoma, Arrhythmia , Bruton
Agammaglobulinemia, Vertigo, cataracts,Lanosterolsynthase, Reproductive,Dementia,
Respiratory illness, Septicemia
n fganq Tomography, Plasmodium Falciparum ,Cardiomyopathies , Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichi coli, Pulmonary Arterial hypertension, Diphtheria Pertusis, Measles ,
Osteoporosis, Epidemiology,Metocarpophaangeal, Hamartoma, Endogenous
retroviruses, Plethora, MMR, Mycobacterium Laprae, Schizophrenia, Streptococcus
pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis,
Haemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, Membranes, Pharmacokinetics Biliverdin, Molecular
epidemiology, Vitiligo, Chorionic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , Contagious
espiratory , Glaucoma, Obestetrics, Phytophthora ramorum, Atherosclerosis,Cardiac
Malfunction, Mycobacterium smegmatis , E. coli, Vestibular system, Dengue Shock
Syndrome, ICD- 10, Myocardial infarction, Vector,Stroke, Hypoglycemia
VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k Autism, Coronary Artery, Thalassemia, Microbiome, Azoospermia, aortic valve
stenosis, Oocytes, NASH- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Teetotaller Liposuction, Libido,
Faecal Transplant – the procedure this has been experimented with successfully abroad,
Ulcerative colitis.

losZ{k.k ls izkIr ifj.kke%
laoknnkrkvksa ds lekpkj&i=ksa ds uke

laoknnkrkvksa dh fo"k; fo'ks"k f'k{kk

LokLF; ds vfrfjDr fjiksfVZax ds fo"k;
fo"k; la[;k izfr'kr
jktuhfrd] [ksy] U;k;ky;] vijk/k] f'k{kk o ljdkjh dk;kZy; 8 16
jktuhfrd 3 6
jktuhfrd] U;k;ky;] vijk/k] [ksy o f'k{kk 2 4
jktuhfrd] [ksy] f'k{kk o ljdkjh dk;kZy; 9 18
f'k{kk 5 10
ljdkjh dk;kZy; 4 8
jktuhfrd] vijk/k] f'k{kk o ljdkjh dk;kZy; 5 10
jktuhfrd] f'k{kk o ljdkjh dk;kZy; 3 6
jktuhfrd o vijk/k 3 6
jktuhfrd] U;k;ky;] vijk/k o ljdkjh dk;kZy; 5 10
U;k;ky; o vijk/k 3 6
dqy 50 100

LokLF; esa lcls vf/kd fjiksfVZax ds fo"k;
fo"k; la[;k izfr'kr
LokLF; lsok,a 8 16
ok;jy chekfj;ka 6 12
daSlj] Vh-ch- nokbZ;ka g`n; jksx o LokLF; lsok,a 6 12
daSlj] Vh-ch-] Msaxw] nokbZ;ka] g`n; jksx o LokLF; lsok,a 2 4
nokb;ka] Msaxw o ok;jy chekfj;ka 4 8
Msaxw 2 4
nokb;ka 2 4
Msaxw] ok;jy chekfj;ka o LokLF; lsok,a 12 24
Msaxw o LokLF; lsok,a 4 8
Vh-ch-] Msaxw] nokbZ;ka o ok;jy chekfj;ka 4 8
dqy 50 100

LokLF; fjiksfVZax ds nkSjku vkus okyh ijs'kkfu;ka
ijs'kkuh la[;k izfr'kr
lsgr fcxM+us dk Mj 8 16
lsgr fcxM+us dk Mj o le; izca/ku 6 12
Hkk"kk laca/kh 6 12
le; izca/ku 16 32
lzksr laca/kh 14 28
dqy 50 100

LokLF; fjiksfVZax ds p;u dk vk/kkj
vk/kkj la[;k izfr'kr
ekSleh chekfj;ka] egkekjh] lsgr dsUnz] fpfdRldksa o deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr 4 8
ekSleh chekfj;ka] egkekjh o fo'o LokLF; fnol 4 8
lsgr dsUnz o fpfdRldksa o deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr 4 8
ekSleh o :Vhu dh chekfj;ka] egkekjh] lsgr dsUnz] fo'o LokLF; fnol o fpfdRldksa o
deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr
20 40
egkekjh] lsgr dsUnz] fo'o LokLF; fnol o fpfdRldksa o deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr 4 8
ekSleh chekfj;ka o egkekjh 4 8
egkekjh o fo'o LokLF; fnol 6 12
fo'o LokLF; fnol] lsgr dsUnz o fpfdRldksa o deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr 2 4
ekSleh o :Vhu dh chekfj;ka] lsgr dsUnz o fo'o LokLF; fnol 2 4
dqy 50 100

L=ksr dh fo'oluh;rk ds ckjs esa laoknnkrkvksa dh jk;

rduhdh 'kCnksa laca/kh laoknnkrkvksa dh jk;

LokLF; lekpkjksa dh dojst dks ysdj vkns'k

LokLF; dojst ds fy, izkIr vkns”kksa dk lzksr

xsVdhfiax izfØ;k dks ysdj laoknnkrkvksa dh jk;
jk; gka ugha dg ugha ldrs
LokLF; lekpkj dk fMys gksuk 20 30 0
LokLF; lekpkj dk fdy gksuk 12 35 3
Hkkjrh; lekpkj i=ksa esa de LokLF; dojst 16 26 8
LokLF; dks fjiksVZ djuk eqf'dy 19 26 5
ikBdks dh :fp de gksuk 5 41 4
LokLF; lekpkj ds p;u dh ikWfylh 16 27 7

xsVdhfiax dh izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd
dkjd iw.kZr%
lger
lger dg ugha
ldrs
vlger iw.kZr%
vlger
rduhdh Hkk"kk 21 16 5 5 3
lekpkji= dh ikWfylh 13 25 7 2 3
lekpkji= dh vkWfM;ksykWth 8 8 21 11 2
czsfdax U;wt 11 10 12 9 8
lekpkji= dk O;kolkf;d gksuk 13 10 7 9 11
LokLF; dh gsMykbu dk vkrafdr djuk 3 19 7 18 3
nwljs fo"k;ksa dh vis{kk LokLF; dh fjiksfVZax 7 16 0 19 8

LokLF; lekpkjksa dks vLohdkj djus ds dkj.k
dkj.k la[;k izfr'kr
LokLF; lekpkjksa dk QkWyksvi u izdkf'kr djuk 4 8
,slk dHkh ugha gqvk 12 24
laiknd dh dSaph 4 8
LFkku dh deh 4 8
foKkiu 4 8
Hkk"kk 4 8
i=dkj o laxBu ds e/; laca/k 4 8
vkrafdr djus okys 'kh"kZd 2 4
lkekU; LokLF; lekpkj 4 8
ikBdksa dh :fp u gksuk 2 4
rduhdh 'kCnksa ds vR;f/kd iz;ksx ls 4 8
ejht dh igpku@ lkekftd ewY; 2 4
dqy 50 100

LokLF; lekpkjksa dks vLohdkj djus dh izfØ;k
izfØ;k la[;k izfr'kr
ugha 36 72
dg ugha ldrs 4 8
;g lekpkj ij fuHkZj djrk gS 4 8
foosd o dkuwu dh tkudkjh 4 8
gka 2 4
dqy 50 100

LokLF; dojst de gksus ds dkj.k
dkj.k la[;k izfr'kr
Hkk"kk laca/kh leL;k 2 4
laoknnkrkvksa dks LokLF; dh fjiksfVZax dks rS;kj jguk pkfg, 2 4
'kks/k laca/kh LokLF; lekpkjksa dh deh 2 4
LokLF; laca/kh fo"k;ksa dks fjiksVZ djus okys laoknnkrkvksa dh deh 4 8
ejht ds vfrfjDr MkWDVj ls ckrphr u djuk 4 8
laxBu }kjk 2 4
ifCyd ls u tqM+uk 4 8
ljdkj dh Hkkxhnkjh ugha 4 8
LFkku dh deh 4 8
Ykksxksa dh bPNk u gksuk 12 24
LVkQ dh deh 4 8
ldkjkRed dojst 2 4
laoknnkrk dks LokLF; dojst ds nkSjku j[kuh pkfg, 4 8
dqy 50 100

mik; la[;k izfr'kr
LokLF; 'kks/kksa dks c<+kok nsdj 3 6
yksxksa dks LokLF; ds ykHk o gkfu crkdj 7 14
fo'ks"k dkWye izdkf'kr dj 5 10
LokLF; fo'ks"kKksa ds lk{kkRdkj izdkf'kr dj 3 6
LokLF; fjiksfVZax dh ikWfylh dk fuekZ.k dj 3 6
MkWDVj o ehfM;k ds e/; laca/kksa dk fuekZ.k dj 3 6
MkWDVjksa ds dkaÝsal djus ls 3 6
LokLF; vfHk;ku pykdj 4 8
laoknnkrk ij fuHkZj 2 4
iBuh;rk c<+kdj 4 8
rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij fjiksfVZax 4 8
odZ'kki o Vªsfuax }kjk 6 12
okf"kZd gsYFk pkVZ rS;kj dj 3 6
dqy 50 100
LokLF; dojst c<+kus ds mik;

lk{kkRdkj % laiknd o lekpkj laiknd

LokLF; lekpkj ds pquko dh izfØ;k
lekpkj laikndksa ds vuqlkj LokLF; lekpkj ds pquko esa laØe.k okyh
chekfj;ka] ekSleh chekfj;ka] 'kks/k lekpkj] tYnh ls QSyus okyh chekfj;ksa dks ojh;rk
nsrs gq, lekpkj ewY; r; dj pquko fd;k tkrk gSA lekpkj pquko izfØ;k esa vke
vkneh ls tqM+h gqbZ chekfj;ka] ekSleh chekfj;ka] LokLF; ,yVZ o dbZ ckj LokLF;
fo'ks"kK Hkh gksrs gSa ftudks T;knk egRo fn;k tkrk gSA ;fn dksbZ vkdfLed chekjh u
QSys rks vf/kdrj LokLF; lekpkjksa ds pquko dh izfØ;k iwoZ ;kstuk ds vk/kkj ij gh
gksrh gSA
Lkk{kkRdkj % lekpkj laiknd

LokLF; lekpkjksa dk izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij LFkku
vf/kdrj lekpkj laikndksa o fo'ks"k :i ls LokLF; lekpkj laiknd dk dguk
gS fd ;g ifjfLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA nSfud HkkLdj o nSfud tkxj.k ds lekpkj
laiknd bl eqn~ns ij ,d er gaS fd gka ge LokLF; eqn~nksa dks izdkf'kr djus esa mUgsa
izkFkfedrk nsrs gSaA
LokLF; LVksjh dk foy; djuk
vej mtkyk ds LokLF; lekpkj laiknd ds vuqlkj os LokLF; lekpkjksa dks
fo'ks"k fLFkfr esa gh foy; djrs gSa ;fn ,sls lekpkj ,d tSlh chekjh ls lacaf/kr gSaA
dbZ ckj ;g lekpkji= esa LFkku (Space) dh miyC/krk ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA
vf/kdrj lekpkj i=ksa esa lekpkj laikndksa ds fopkj feyrs utj vkrs gSa fd ;g lh/ks
:i ls ifjfLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd mUgsa foy; fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k ughaA

LFkku de] [kcjsa T;knk
;fn ,d le; esa cgqr lh [kcjsa vk tkrh gS vkSj muesa LokLF; Hkh 'kkfey
gS rks vej mtkyk mldh egRoÙkk dks ns[krk gSA lekpkj laikndksa dk ekuuk gS
fd os ;g ns[krs gSa fd fdldh lekt dks T;knk t:jr gS vkSj D;k og yksxksa ls
lh/ks :i ls tqM+h gqbZ [kcj gSA
ikBdksa dh ilan dk [;ky
bl fo"k; ij lHkh lekpkji= ,d er utj vkrs gSa fd ikBdksa dh ilan
dks og ojh;rk nsrs gSa ysfdu vej mtkyk ikBdksa dh ilan ds lkFk&lkFk ;g Hkh
ekurk gS fd blds fy, dksbZ iSekuk ugha gSA ;fn fdlh LokLF; lekpkj esa dksbZ
dkj.k fufgr gS rks mls os t:j izdkf'kr djrs gSa tSls& xfeZ;ksa esa nLr yxuk] yw
yxuk vkfnA

lekpkji= dh fopkj/kkjk] ikWfylh] LVkbZy'khV o fn'kkfunsZ'kksa dk izHkko
lekpkji= yksxksa dh #fp dk ek/;e gS vkSj tufgr ykHk loZizFke gSA
vej mtkyk dh ikWfylh esa tufgr loksZifj gS vkSj mUgsa bl izdkj ds dksbZ funsZ'k
izkIr ugha gksrs fd LokLF; lekpkj dks izdkf'kr djuk gS ;k ughaA lekpkj
laiknd Li"V :i ls dgrs gSa fd bl izdkj dk dksbZ ncko ugha gS tks gesa LokLF;
lekpkj dks izdkf'kr djus ls jksdsA
ekfyd dk ncko
lekpkj laikndksa dk dguk gS fd mUgsa dHkh Hkh ekfyd dh rjQ ls dksbZ
ncko LokLF; lekpkjksa dks ysdj ugha gksrkA blls u gh rks LokLF; lekpkj
izdkf'kr gksus ls jksdrs gSa vkSj u gh vU; lekpkj dksA

dksbZ vU; ncko
lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku vej mtkyk ds lekpkj laiknd us crk;k fd LokLF; ds
lekpkj dks ysdj dHkh fdlh ncko dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+kA nSfud HkkLdj ds lekpkj
laiknd us crk;k fd ;g cM+s iSekus ij yksxksa dh ilan dk fo"k; gS ftlesa yksxksa dh jk;
Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fdlh Hkh ncko ds fcuk LokLF; lekpkjksa dks izdkf'kr
fd;k tkrk gSA nSfud tkxj.k ds vuqlkj LokLF; lekpkj dks izdkf'kr u djus dks ysdj
fdlh Hkh ncko dh dksbZ fLFkfr ugha vkbZA lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku bl iz'u dks u;k :i nsrs
gq, iwNk x;k fd ;fn dksbZ MkWDVj] vLirky vkidk foKkiunkrk gS vkSj dksbZ LokLF; dk
lekpkj izR;{k :i ls mlls tqM+k gqvk gS ftlls dh mldh Nfo dks uqdlku igqaps rks ml
fLFkfr esa vki D;k djrs gSa tokc esa lHkh lekpkj i=ksa ds lg&laikndksa dk dguk gS fd
,slh fLFkfr esa ge mls viuk i{k j[kus dh lykg nsrs gSa vkSj mlds i{k esa fn, x;s Ck;ku
ds lkFk og lekpkj izdkf'kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA

LokLF; vfHk;kuksa o egkekjh dk izHkko
lekpkj laikndksa us lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku crk;k fd fuf'pr :i ls bl izdkj dh
fLFkfr esa LokLF; lekpkj dh dojst ij vlj iM+rk gSA nSfud HkkLdj o nSfud tkxj.k
ds lekpkj laikndksa ds vuqlkj blls u dsoy LokLF; dh dojst ij vlj iM+rk gS cfYd
mUgsa fo'ks"k :i ls iwoZ ;kstuk dk fuekZ.k djuk iM+rk gS] oks dksf'k'k ;g Hkh djrs gSa fd
bl izdkj dh fLFkfr esa ml chekjh ls cpko ds rjhds izdkf'kr djsaA
LokLF; laoknnkrk dh fu;qfDr
lekpkj laikndksa dk er gS fd ;fn mUgsa lkabZl cSdxzkmaM+ dk laoknnkrk feyrk
gS rks mldk pquko djrs gSaA nSfud HkkLdj ds vuqlkj LokLF; fjikZsfVax ds fy, laoknnkrk
dk pquko djrs gq, ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd og esfMdy VeZ dh le> j[krk gksA nSfud
tkxj.k ns[krk gS fd laoknnkrk LokLF; dh fjikZsfVax esa fdruh #fp j[krk gS D;ksafd
mudk ekuuk gS fd #fp ls fd;k x;k izR;sd dk;Z lgh gksrk gSA

LokLF; lekpkjksa dh dojst esa deh
lekpkj i=ksa ds lekpkj laikndksa dk dguk gS fd blds ihNs dksbZ fo'ks"k dkj.k
ugha gS fd LokLF; ds eqnnksa dh dojst cgqr de gSA mudk dguk gS fd ;g rks ekuoh;
#fp dk eqnnk gS rFkk blds dkj.k LokLF; dh dojst c<+uh pkfg,A
LokLF; lekpkjksa ij laikndh;
lekpkj laikndksa dk ekuuk gS fd dksbZ fo'ks"k dkj.k ugha gS fd LokLF; ds eqnnksa
ij laikndh; u fy[kk tk,A nSfud HkkLdj dk dguk gS fd ;fn LokLF; dk dksbZ
lekpkj yhM LVksjh curk gS rHkh laikndh; fy[ks tkus dh laHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gSA
nSfud tkxj.k esa laikndh; dh fLFkfr vPNh gS ysfdu ;g ifjfLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrk gS
fd bl fo"k; ij laikndh; fy[kk tk, ;k ughaA

,d dkWye ds LokLF; lekpkjksa dh vf/kdrk
vf/kdrj LokLF; lekpkjksa ds ,d dkWye dk izdkf'kr gksus esa dksbZ [kkl
dkj.k ugha gSA vej mtkyk ds lekpkj laiknd dk dguk gS fd fdlh Hkh lekpkj
dk LFkku mlds egRo ij fuHkZj djrk gSA nSfud HkkLdj dk dguk gS fd LokLF;
lekpkj fcuk fdlh uh;r ds izdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSa fQj pkgs og lekpkj ,d
dkWye dk gks ;k vkB dkWye dkA nSfud tkxj.k dk dguk gS fd muds fy,
LokLF; lekpkjksa dk fo'ks"k egRo gS blfy, bUgsa izdkf'kr djus ls igys ;g psd
ugha djrs fd og fdrus dkWye dk gSA LokLF; lekpkj dh yackbZ mlds egRo o
xaHkhjrk ds vk/kkj ij pquk tkrk gS vkSj blds vfrfjDr fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ
vk/kkj ugha gSA

eSMhdy VfeZuksykWth
lekpkj laikndksa us lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku crk;k fd ,d laoknnkrk }kjk Hksts
x, LokLF; lekpkj dks ge LokLF; laiknd ds }kjk tkap djokrs gSa] mudh Økl
tkap Hkh djokbZ tkrh gS vkSj t:jr iM+us ij fo'ks"kK ls ckr dh tkrh gSA nSfud
HkkLdj lekpkji= bl fn'kk esa ,d dne vkxs gSA mUgksaus fo'ks"k :i ls fo"k;
fo'ks"kKksa dh fu;qfDr dh gqbZ gSA LokLF; fo'ks"kK izfrfnu muds dk;kZy; esa gksrk gS
vkSj t:jr iM+us ij ogh LokLF; lekpkjksa dh eSMhdy VeZl dks vke yksxksa ds fy,
rS;kj djrs gSaA nSfud tkxj.k o VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k us fo'ks"kK ls ckr djus ds
ckn LokLF; lekpkj izdkf'kr djus dh ckr dghA

LokLF; eqn~ns
lekpkj laikndksa ds vuqlkj oks fdlh fo'ks"k LokLF; eqn~ns dh dojst ugha
djrsA t:jr ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh LokLF; eqn~ns dks vius lekpkji= esa 'kkfey djrs
gSaA nSfud HkkLdj us dgk fd LokLF; eqn~nksa dks laoknnkrk lqfo/kkoknh Js.kh esa j[krs
gSaA laoknnkrk viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj fdlh Hkh LokLF; eqnns dh LVksjh QkbZy dj ldrs
gSaA nSfud tkxj.k dk tokc jgk fd ,M~l] dSalj ;k LokLF; lsokvksa ls lacaf/kr
fo"k;ksa ij dojst dks ysdj dksbZ fo'ks"k ;kstuk ugha jgh vfirq ogh LokLF; laca/kh
?kVukØe lekpkj curs gSa tks orZeku le; esa tufgr ds gksaA

QksVksxzkQ o baQksxzk¶l
lekpkj laikndksa dk tokc larqf"V iznku djrk gS fd ;g LokLF; lekpkj ds L=ksr
o lekpkj dh fo’k; oLrq ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd QksVksxzkQ dh vko”;drk gS ;k ughaA
mudk lekpkji= cgqr ls LokLF; baQksxzk¶l dk iz;ksx djrk gSA nSfud HkkLdj us dgk fd
QksVksxzkQ ds iz;ksx ls iBuh;rk rks c<+rh gS ijUrq ;g lekpkj ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd
QksVksxzkQ dh vko';drk gS ;k ughaA nSfud tkxj.k QksVksxzkQ o baQksxzkQ dk iz;ksx
LokLF; lekpkjksa ds fy, vko';d ekurs gSa ijarq dgrs gSa fd ;g ifjfLFkfr o lekpkj ij
fuHkZj djrk gSA

yhM LVksjh
LokLF; lekpkjksa dks izeq[k ¼yhM½ lekpkj cuus ;k u cuus dks ysdj iwNs x,
loky ds tokc esa lekpkj laikndksa us dgk fd LokLF; lekpkj jhMj VkxsZV gksrs gSaA ;g
mlds egRo ij fuHkZj ij djrk gS fd og yhM cusaA nSfud HkkLdj ds vuqlkj LokLF;
lekpkjksa dh yhM esa egRoiw.kZ dkjd viuh Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSa tSls egkekjh] cgqr ls
yksxksa ij izHkko o egRo ds vuqlkj izkFkfedrkA nSfud tkxj.k us dgk fd ;g t:jh ugha
fd izfrfnu dksbZ LokLF; lekpkj izFke yhM cusA ;g lekpkj ds egRo o mlds izHkko
ij fuHkZj djrk gSA

laiknd ds uke i=
lekpkj laikndksa dk dguk gS fd ikBd vc laiknd ds uke i= ugha ;k cgqr
de fy[krs gSaA igys rks mUgsa cgqr ls laiknd ds uke i=ksa esa ls izdkf'kr gsrq i= NkaVus
iM+rs Fks ysfdu vc lhfer i=ksa dh otg ls bldh vko';drk gh ugha iM+rhA nSfud
HkkLdj esa laiknd ds uke i= izdkf'kr gh ugha gksrsA blds LFkku ij blesa fo'o Hkj esa
uohu tkudkjh ds lkFk&lkFk ,d QksVks LVksjh izdkf'kr gksrh gSaA nSfud tkxj.k ds
vuqlkj mudk lekpkji= ,d [kqyk eap gS tgka dksbZ Hkh vius fopkj izdkf'kr djok
ldrk gSA

L=ksr (By Line)
varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k esa ik;k x;k fd 16 izdkf'kr LokLF; lekpkjksa esa L=ksr dk
mYys[k ugha Fkk tcfd LokLF; ,d xaHkhj eqnnk gS vkSj fcuk L=ksr ds lekpkj izdkf'kr
gksuk blds fo'oluh;rk ij iz'u fpUg yxkrk gSA vej mtkyk ds lekpkj laiknd us
dgk fd ,slk dbZ ckj QkbZy dk;Z dh otg ls gks ldrk gSA nSfud HkkLdj us dgk fd
,slk fdUgh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa tSls& LFkku dh deh ds dkj.k L=ksr dks dV dj fn;k tkrk
gS ;k dkWih ,fMVj xyrh ls tYnckth esa mls dkV nsrk gS ijarq dbZ ckj LFkku dh deh
dh otg ls gh L=ksr (By Line) dks dV fd;k tkrk gSA

ljdkj] laxBu dk laca/k
lekpkj laikndksa ds vuqlkj LokLF; ls lacaf/kr fdlh Hkh L=ksr ds lkFk laca/k
mldh fo'oluh;rk dks c<+krs gSa vr% ge mUgsa fo'ks"k LFkku nsus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA
nSfud HkkLdj us lk{kkRdkj esa crk;k fd bu fo'ks"k laLFkkuksa ls mUgsa lwpuk izkIr gksrh
gS vkSj muds fy, izR;sd LokLF; lekpkj egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA nSfud tkxj.k us dgk
fd ljdkj fo'ks"k :i ls LokLF; lekpkjksa esa lgHkkxh curh gS vkSj ,sls lekpkjksa ls
ljdkjh ;kstuk,a rks yksxksa rd igqparh gh gSa vfirq ikBdksa ds chp fo'oluh;rk Hkh
c<+rh gSA

lek/kku izca/ku
varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k esa ik;k x;k fd 70 izfr'kr LokLF; lekpkjksa esa lek/kku
dks izLrqr fd;k x;kA lekpkj laikndksa us ekuk fd blds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k uhfr
ugha gSA ge LokLF; lekpkjksa dks mlh :Ik esa izdkf”kr djrs gSa ftl :Ik esa
laoknnkrk }kjk izkIr gksrk gSA nSfud HkkLdj us dgk fd ,slk djus ds ihNs dksbZ
dkj.k ugha gS oju~ ikBd izR;sd chekjh ds cpko o jksdFkke ds mik;ksa dks tkuus
dk bPNqd gksrk gSA nSfud tkxj.k bldk Js; ikBdksa dks nsrk gSA ikBd leL;k ds
lkFk&lkFk lek/kku dks i<+uk T;knk ilan djrs gSa ysfdu blds fy, dksbZ fu/kkZfjr
uhfr ugha gSA

iz'u%& LokLF; eqnnksa dh dojst ds fy, vkids lekpkj i= dh dksbZ ikWfylh gSA
 fdlh Hkh lekpkj i= esa fdlh fo"k; fo'ks"k dh dojst ds fy, dksbZ [kkl ikWfylh ugha gksrhA
LokLF; gekjs fy, o tulkekU; ds fy, egRoiw.kZ fo"k; gSA LokLF; izR;sd O;fDr ls tqM+k eqnnk
gS] ftlesa ge yksxksa dks tkx#d djus o cpko ds rjhdksa dks ysdj fo'ks"k :i ls /;ku fn;k tkrk
gSA ekSle fo'ks"k esa gksus okyh chekfj;ksa ds fy, ge eq[; :i ls rS;kjh djrs gSaA

iz'u%& D;k LokLF; dojst dks ysdj lekpkj i=ksa ds ekfyd dh rjQ
ls dksbZ fn'kk funsZ'k fn, tkrs gSa
 LokLF; o vU; fo"k;ksa esa Hkh dHkh ekfyd dh rjQ ls dksbZ fn'kk funsZ'k ugha fn,
tkrs vkSj ;gka rd fd fdlh ofj"B vf/kdkjh }kjk Hkh dksbZ funsZ'k ugha fn, tkrsA ,d
laiknd dks Lo;afoosd ls dke ysuk gksrk gSA ge mu lHkh lkekftd fo’k;ksa dh
dojst dks izkFkfedrk nsrs gSa ftuesa yksxksa ds fgr tqM+s gksaA

iz'u%& LokLF; lekpkjksa dks izdkf'kr djus ;k u djus
ds fy, dksbZ vksj ncko gksrk gSA
 ugha] gekjs ij dksbZ ncko ugha gksrkA ge fdlh Hkh ?kVuk ds ?kfVr gksus ds ckn
yksxksa rd igqapkrs gSaA ;fn fdlh lekpkj dk izHkko vf/kd yksxksa ij gS] rks ge
O;fDr ds uke ls Hkh [kcj izdkf'kr djrs gSaA ;fn gtkj] nks gtkj LokLF; lekpkjksa
esa ls fdlh ,d ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk Hkh iMs+ rks mlesa dksbZ cqjkbZ Hkh ugha gSA ,sls
esa ge ml izekf.kr MkWDVj dh jk; dks Hkh 'kkfey dj ldrs gSaA D;ksafd ,d lekpkj
i= ds fy, ikBd dh fo'oluh;rk Hkh egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA

iz'u%& LokLF; dojst dh xq.koÙkk dks c<+kus ds fy, vki D;k ;kstuk,a cukrs gSa
 le; le; ij ;kstuk,a cukbZ tkrh gSaA ge LokLF; dh fjiksZfVax ds fy,
jk"Vªh;] varjkZ"Vªh; vfHk;kuksa dks rks doj djrs gSa ysfdu LFkkuh; fjiksfV±x ds fy,
Hkh ge fo'ks"k :i ls ;kstuk cukrs gSaA ge ;g Hkh ns[krs gSa fd ljdkjh o izkbosV
vLirkyksa esa ;fn fdlh fo'ks"k nokbZ dh deh gS rks Hkh ge ml deh dks mtkxj
djrs gSaA LokLF; ds {ks= esa gksus okys uohu “kks/k dk;ksZa dks ljy rjhds ls ikBdksa
rd igqapkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA QksVksxzkQj dks Hkh rduhdh izf'k{k.k nsrs gSa fd
vki LokLF; fjiksfV±x dh QksVksxzkQ fdl ,axy ls ysaA

iz'u%& LokLF; laca/kh vfHk;ku@LokLF; fnol] ekSleh chekfj;ksa
ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k ;kstuk gksrh gSA
 fo'ks"k LokLF; vfHk;ku] fo'o LokLF; fnol o ekSleh chekfj;ksa ds fy, ge
lekpkj i= esa fo'ks"k LFkku (Space) nsrs gSaA D;ksafd LokLF; dk vke yksxksa ls lh/kk
laca/k gksrk gSA blds fy, gekjk dkWjiksjsV gkml fo'ks"kKksa dh fu;qfDr djus dk
fopkj dj jgs gSaA LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds fy, ge LokLF; fo'ks"kKksa dks cqykrs gSa
vkSj muls LokLF; ds fy, fofHkUu eqnnksa ij ckrphr djrs gSaA bu fo”ks’kKkssa ls
LokLF; ds fofHkUu fo’k;ksa ij ys[k o Qhpj fy[kokdj mUgsa lk/kkj.k Hkk’kk esa yksxksa
rd igqapkus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA

iz'u%& LokLF; ds L=ksr dh tkap fdl izdkj djrs gSa
 fcYdqy L=ksr ,d lekpkj ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA LokLF; lekpkjksa dks
izdk”ku ls igys ge dsoy ,sls rF;ksa dks tkuus dh dksf”k”k djrs gSa ftUgsa izdkf”kr
fd;k tk lds] ,sls rF; dsoy lzksr ls izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSA ysfdu ;fn fdlh
LokLF; lekpkj esa L=ksr dh tkudkjh ugha gksrh rks og vf/kdrj LFkku (Spece)
dh deh ds dkj.k gksrk gSA txg dh iwfrZ ds fy, L=ksr dks dkV fn;k tkrk gSA
vkSj Hkh dqN dkj.k gks ldrs gS ftudh otg ls L=ksr dk uke Nius ls jg tkrk
gSA

iz'u%& D;k LokLF; fjiksfV±x ds fy, laoknnkrkvksa ds izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gS
 gka fcYdqy vko';drk gS] D;ksafd blls os LokLF; dh csgrj fjiksfVZax dj ldrs gSaA
lcls t:jh gS fd fdlh Hkh laoknnkrk dk esfMdy cSdxzkmaM dk gksuk ;k LokLF; ds
{ks= esa laoknnkrk dh :fp gksukA LokLF; dh fjiksfVZax djrs gq, gesa esfMdy VeZl dks
le>uk gksrk gS] ftlds fy, ge MkWDVj ls ijke'kZ djrs gSA ysfdu lcls igys eqnnk
;g gS fd vki fdl izdkj dk izf'k{k.k nsaxsA i=dkfjrk foosd dk fo"k; gS vkSj ;g
le>us dh vko';drk gSA

iz'u%& D;k vkidk laxBu@lekpkj i= blds fy,
fdlh dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu djrs gSa
 lekpkj i=@laxBu esa laoknnkrkvksa ds izf”k{k.k dh dksbZ O;OkLFkk ugha gS ysfdu os blds
fy, Exchange djrs gS] ekWMy ;wfuV ds laoknnkrkvksa ls uo ek/;e dh lgk;rk ls vius
laoknnkrkvksa dks u, rjhds fl[kk ldrs gS D;ksafd vius Kku dk vknku iznku egRoiw.kZ
gksrk gSA vf/kdrj laikndksa us ekuk fd LokLF; dh fjiksfVZax ds fy, laoknnkrkvksa dk
izf'k{k.k rks gksuk gh pkfg,] ysfdu blds fy, O;ofLFkr izf'k{k.k gksuk pkfg,A gekjs ;gka ij
fu;fer varjky ij fo'ks"kK o laoknnkrk ,d lkFk feydj ppkZ djrs gSa] ftlls phtksa dks
le>us esa vklkuh gksrh gS& nSfud tkxj.k

iz'u%& D;k LokLF; fjiksfV±x ds fy, fdlh vkpkj lafgrk dh vko';drk gksrh gS
 laikndksa dk dguk gS fd gesa Lo;a dh vkpkj lafgrk dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A gesa fdlh
,sls O;fDr dh igpku ugha nsuh pkfg,] tks iwjh rjg ls LoLF; ugha gSA tSls& ,M~l ds
ejht dh igpku tkfgj ugha gksuh pkfg,A tuZfyLVksa ds fy, cukbZ xbZ vkpkj lafgrk esa
gh ;g doj gks tkrh gSA

iz'u%&LokLF; dh dojst ls vki larq"V gSaA
 LokLF; ,d fo'kky {ks= gS vksj gesa bldh dojst ds fy, vkSj egRoiw.kZ dne mBkus dh
vko';rk gSA gesa LokLF; dks vksj xgjkbZ ls le>us dh t:jr gSA izfrfnu ubZ chekfj;ksa
ds vkxeu] LokLF; ds {ks= esa ubZ rduhdksa dk fodkl o “kks/k u, :i ls gekjs lkeus gksrs
gaS ftlls gesa bldh dojst dks c<+kus dh vko';drk gS rkfd yksxksa dks egRoiw.kZ tkudkjh
fey ldsA

ifj.kke-
lHkh lekpkj i=ksa esa LokLF; eqn~nksa dks fn;k x;k LFkku dqy LFkku ls ,d izfr'kr ls Hkh de gSA
lcls vf/kd nSfud tkxj.k esa 1-26 izfr'kr] f}rh; LFkku ij vej mtkyk 1-05 izfr'kr] r`rh; LFkku
ij nSfud HkkLdj -95 izfr'kr gSA VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k -89 izfr'kr] n fganw -86 izfr'kr o fganqLrku
VkbEl esa -77 izfr'kr LFkku LokLF; lekpkjksa dks fn;k x;k gSA
& blls irk pyrk gS fd fgUnh ds lekpkj i= vaxzsth ds lekpkj i=ksa dh vis{kk T;knk
Lisl LokLF; lekpkjksa dks ns jgs gSaA
 L=ksr ds fcuk lekpkj dh fo'oluh;rk dks lansg dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tkrk gSA izLrqr 'kks/k esa ik;k
fd U;wt ,tsalh dh dojst 31-54 izfr'kr o f}rh; LFkku ij LVkQ fjiksZVj }kjk dh xbZ LokLF;
fjiksZfVax 31-45 izfr'kr jghA C;wjksa }kjk dh xbZ dojst 17-43 izfr'kr o fo'ks"k laoknnkrk }kjk 3-15
izfr'kr jghA LokLF; ds ,sls lekpkj Hkh izdkf'kr fd, x, ftuesa dksbZ L=ksr ¼16-43 izfr'kr½ dk
mYys[k ugha gSA

ifj.kke--
 LokLF; eqn~nksa ds dojst esa {ks= ds vk/kkj ij fd, x, 'kks/k ls irk pyrk gS fd varjkZ"Vªh;
dojst 31-95 izfr'kr] jk"Vªh; dojst 28-30 izfr'kr] jkT; Lrjh; dojst 22-90 izfr'kr o LFkkuh;
dojst 16-85 izfr'kr jghA
 LokLF; lekpkjksa dh dkWye la[;k ds vk/kkj ij fd, x, fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd ,d
dkWye ds 38-09 izfr'kr] nks dkWye ds 22-74 izfr'kr] rhu dkWye ds 17-26 izfr'kr] pkj dkWye ds
14-27 izfr'kr] ikWap dkWye ds 4-90 izfr'kr] N% dkWye ds 1-49 izfr'kr] lkr dkWye ds -50 izfr'kr
o vkB dkWye ds -75 izfr'kr LokLF; eqn~n ij jgsA

ifj.kke---
 lekpkj i= ds igys iUus ij Nius okys lekpkjksa dks ikBd /;ku ls i<+rs gSA
izLrqr 'kks/k ls irk pyrk gS fd izFke i`"B ij izdkf'kr gksus okys LokLF; lekpkjksa esa
7-63 izfr'kr] chp ds i`"Bksa ij 90-12 izfr'kr o vafre i`"B ij 2-24 izfr'kr LokLF;
lekpkj izdkf'kr fd, x,A
LokLF; lekpkjksa ds oxhZdj.k esa ik;k x;k fd lkekU; lekpkj 73-61 izfr'kr] 'kks/k
vk/kkfjr lekpkj 23-89 izfr'kr o lk{kkRdkj -5 izfr'kr izdkf'kr fd, x,A

ifj.kke----
 LokLF; lekpkjksa dh yhM LVksjh de gh izdkf'kr gqbZA dqy 1205 LokLF; lekpkjksa esa ls
ek= 12 lekpkjksa dks gh izFke yhM LVksjh cuk;k x;k tks fd dqy LokLF; lekpkjksa dk flQZ
1 izfr'kr gS tcfd f}rh; yhM LVksjh ek= -5 izfr'kr izdkf'kr gqbZA izFke yhM+ izdkf”kr
djus esa nSfud HkkLdj lekpkj i= 7 LVksjh ds lkFk izFke jgkA
LokLF; lekpkjksa dks leL;k o lek/kku ds :Ik esa fo'ys"k.k djus ls irk pyrk gS fd
lcls vf/kd LokLF; lekpkj lek/kku dks izLrqr dj jgs gSa o ckfd ds lekpkj leL;k dks
izLrqr dj jgs gSaA lek/kku dks izLrqr djus es nSfud HkkLdj 74-60 izfr'kr] vej mtkyk 68-
12 izfr'kr] n fgUnw 63-27 izfr'kr] VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k 62-58 izfr'kr fgUnqLrku VkbEl
57-56 izfr'kr o nSfud tkxj.k 39-34 izfr'kr lek/kku :ih LokLF; lekpkj izdkf'kr fd,A
&leL;k vk/kkfjr lekpkjksa esa fgUnqLrku VkbEl 42-44 izfr'kr] VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k 37-
42 izfr'kr] n fgUnw 36-73 izfr'kr] vej mtkyk 31-88 izfr'kr] nSfud HkkLdj 25-40
izfr'kr o nSfud tkxj.k 23-90 izfr'kr gSA

ifj.kke-----
 LokLF; lekpkjks dh dojst ds nkSjku dyj o CySd ,.M OgkbZV QksVksxzk¶l Hkh izdkf'kr fd,
x,A dyj QksVksxzk¶l dh la[;k vf/kd o CySd ,.M OgkbZV QksVksxzk¶l de jghA nSfud tkxj.k o
n fgUnw lekpkj i=ksa esa lcls vf/kd dyj QksVksxzk¶l 100 izfr'kr] fgUnqLrku VkbEl esa 97-83
izfr'kr] nSfud HkkLdj esa 95-29 izfr'kr o vej mtkyk 91-23 izfr'kr dyj QksVksxzk¶l izdkf'kr
fd, x,A CySd ,.M OgkbZV QksVksxzk¶l dh Js.kh esa vej mtkyk 8-77 izfr'kr] nSfud HkkLdj 4-71
izfr'kr o fgUnqLrku VkbEl 2-17 izfr'kr izdkf'kr gq,A xkSjryc gS fd nSfud tkxj.k o n fgUnq esa
bl Js.kh esa dksbZ Hkh QksVksxzk¶l izdkf'kr ugha gq,A
 LokLF; dh dojst ds nkSjku cgqr ls LokLF; eqn~nksa dks doj fd;k x;kA buesa ls doj fd, x,
eq[; en~nksa esa ls lcls vf/kd LokLF; lsokvksa ls lacaf/kr lekpkj 21-99 izfr'kr fjiksZV fd, x,A
f}rh; LFkku ij Msxaww dh chekjh 12-37 izfr'kr] dSlj 9-05 izfr'kr] nokbZ;ka 5-15 izfr'kr] g`n; jksx
3-90 izfr'kr] vaxnku 3-57 izfr'kr] ,pvkbZoh@,Ml] vLFkek] e/kqesg o Vhdkdj.k dks yxHkx 2-50
izfr'kr LFkku fn;k x;kA

ifj.kke------
 Ng eghuksa ds varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd bl nkSjku LokLF; dsfUnzr laikndh;
Hkh u ds cjkcj izdkf'kr fd, x,A bl le;kof/k ds nkSjku dqy izdkf'kr 29 LokLF;
laikndh; esa ls nSfud tkxj.k lekpkj i= esa gh lcls vf/kd LokLF; fo"k; ij laikndh; 16
¼4-42 izfr'kr½ izdkf'kr fd, x,A f}rh; LFkku ij n fganw lekpkj i= 5 ¼1-63 izfr'kr½ r`rh;
LFkku ij nSfud HkkLdj 2 ¼1-32 izfr'kr½ laikndh; izdkf'kr fd, x,A vej mtkyk esa 2 ¼1-
29 izfr'kr½] VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k 3 ¼1-19 izfr'kr½ o fganqLrku VkbEl 1 ¼-35 izfr'kr½ dqy
laikndh; esa ls izdkf'kr fd, x,A
bl 'kks/k ds nkSjku ;g ik;k x;k fd LokLF; ls lacaf/kr Qhpj o ys[kksa dh fLFkfr
larks"ktud jghA lcls vf/kd Qhpj o ys[k izdkf'kr djus okyk lekpkj i= vej mtkyk 88
¼7-01 izfr'kr½ jgkA f}rh; LFkku ij nSfud tkxj.k 73 ¼6-05 izfr'kr½] fganqLrku VkbEl o n
fganw 36 ¼4-18 izfr'kr o 2-91 izfr'kr½] nSfud HkkLdj 26 ¼2-64 izfr'kr½ o lcls de VkbEl
vkWQ bf.M;k 19 ¼2-42 izfr'kr½ izdkf'kr fd, x,A

xsVdhfiax ds ifj.kke-
lHkh laoknnnkrk LokLF; ds lkFk&lkFk fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dh dojst Hkh djrs gSaA bu laoknnkrkvksa dks
LokLF; ds vykok vU; fo"k;ksa dh chV Hkh nh tkrh gSA 'kks/k ls irk pyrk gS fd LokLF; dks fjiksVZ
djus okys 68 izfr'kr laoknnkrk jktuhfrd] 66 izfr'kr f'k{kk dh] 60 izfr'kr ljdkjh dk;kZy; dh]
42 izfr'kr ØkbZe dh] 40 izfr'kr LiksVZ~l dh] 30 izfr'kr dksVZ dh dojst Hkh djrs gSaA 'kks/k ls irk
pyrk gS fd fdlh Hkh laoknnkrk dks dsoy LokLF; ds dojst dh ,DlDywflo chV ugha nh tkrh gSA
 LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds nkSjku lcls vf/kd fjiksfV±x LokLF; lsokvksa ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa ds ckjs esa dh
xbZA Msaxw] nokbZ;ka] ok;jy chekfj;ka o Vh-ch- dh dojst Hkh dh xbZ gSA muds }kjk doj fd, x,
fo"k;ksa esa dSalj o ân; jksx dh fjiksfVZax lcls de gSA 'kks/k ds nkSjku varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k ls ;g Hkh
lkeus vk;k gS fd 'kks/k vof/k ds nkSjku lcls vf/kd dojst LokLF; lsokvksa dh xbZ gSA

xsVdhfiax ds ifj.kke--
 LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds nkSjku vkus okyh ijs'kkfu;ksa esa izeq[k le; izca/ku dh gSA iz'ukoyh ds
ek/;e ls izkIr mÙkjksa esa 48 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa dk dguk gS fd LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x esa le;
izca/ku dh leL;k jgrh gSA nwljs LFkku ij lzksr ls lacaf/kr leL;k vkrh gS D;ksafd LokLF; tSls
xaHkhj fo"k; dh fjiksfV±x esa vPNs lzksr dk fo'ks"k egRo gksrk gSA Hkk"kk laca/kh vojks/k ds fo"k; ij 18
izfr'kr laoknnkrk lger gSa fd LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x esa esfMdy dh Hkk"kk dks le>us o fjiksVZ djus
dh leL;k vkrh gSA 14 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa dks baQsD'ku ls lsgr fcxM+us dk Mj Hkh jgrk gSA

xsVdhfiax ds ifj.kke---
LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds fy, vusd fo"k; gks ldrs gSaA laoknnkrk LokLF; ds fo"k; dk p;u fuEu izdkj
ls djrs gSaA
fdlh Hkh egkekjh ds nkSjku LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x djuk vfuok;Z gks tkrk gSA 64 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa
dk dguk gS fd fdlh egkekjh ds nkSjku LokLF; dh dojst c<+ tkrh gSA 'kks/k ds igys Hkkx varoZLrq
fo'ys"k.k ls Hkh irk pyrk gS fd flrEcj 2015 esa Msaxw ds vR;f/kd QSyko ds dkj.k lekpkj i=ksa esa
mldh dojst T;knk FkhA
lsgr dsUnz LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x dk egRoiw.kZ lzksr gksrs gSaA 'kks/k esa ik;k x;k fd 56 izfr'kr
laoknnkrkvksa dh fjiksfV±x dk vk/kkj lsgr dsUæ jgsA
fo'o LokLF; fnol ds nkSjku LokLF; dh dojst c<+ tkuk LokHkkfod gS vkSj ;gh 'kks/k ls izkIr Hkh
gqvkA fo'o ân; fnol] ,M~l fnol] dSalj fnol ij LokLF; dh dojst vf/kd gksrh gS vkSj 48 izfr'kr
laoknnkrk bl ij lger FksA

xsVdhfiax ds ifj.kke------
 ekSle fo'ks"k dh chekfj;ka tSls& eysfj;k vkfn dh dojst 38 izfr'kr o LokLF; {ks= esa
fpfdRldksa o deZpkfj;ksa dh fLFkfr dh dojst 34 izfr'kr o :Vhu esa gksus okyh chekfj;ksa
dh dojst 32 izfr'kr laoknnkrk djrs gSaA
tuZfyLV uke~Zl ds vuqlkj fdlh fo'ks"k is'ks ls lacaf/kr fjiksfV±x ds fy, vf/kd`r lzksr dk
gksuk vfr vko';d gSA laoknnkrkvksa us lzksr dks iw.kZr% fo'oluh; 32 izfr'kr] fo'oluh; 44
izfr'kr ekuk o 24 izfr'kr laoknnkrk blds ckjs esa Li"V ugha FksA
LokLF; ds lekpkj ds fy, lzksr }kjk rduhdh 'kCnksa ;k esfMdy VeZ~l dk iz;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA bu rduhdh 'kCnksa ds lgh vFkks± dks le>us ds fy, 68 izfr'kr laoknnkrk MkWDVj
ls ckrphr djrs gSaA rduhdh 'kCnksa dks le>us dk nwljk tfj;k baVjusV gSA baVjusV dk
iz;ksx rduhdh 'kCnksa dks le>us ds fy, dsoy 6 izfr'kr laoknnkrk djrs gSaA MkWDVj

xsVdhfiax izfØ;k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd
 rduhdh Hkk"kk& LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds nkSjku vkus okyh ijs'kkfu;ksa esa esfMdy VeZ~l dh
ijs'kkuh eq[; gSA LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x djus okys 74 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa dk ekuuk gS fd
esfMdy VeZl ;k rduhdh Hkk"kk LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds fy, cM+h pqukSrh gSA blds lkFk gh
47 izfr'kr ,sls laoknnkrk gSa tks ;g ekurs gSa fd LokLF; dks fjiksVZ djuk dfBu dk;Z gSA
 lekpkji= dh ikWfylh& LokLF; dh fjiksVZ djus esa lekpkj i= dh ikWfylh Hkh dk;Z
djrh gSA 76 izfr'kr laoknnkrk ekurs gSa fd LokLF; dks fjiksVZ djus esa lekpkji= dh
ikWfylh Hkh eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, nSfud tkxj.k ds lkr ?kksf"kr ljksdkjksa
esa ls LokLF; Hkh ,d gS vkSj 'kks/k ls izkIr fu"d"kksZa esa Hkh nSfud tkxj.k LokLF; dh dojst
djus esa izFke LFkku ij jgkA bl izdkj ge dg ldrs gSa fd lekpkj i= dh ikWfylh
LokLF; dh dojst ij izHkko Mkyrh gSA

 lekpkji= dh vkfM;ksykWth& lekpkj i= dh vkWfM;ksykWth ds ckjs esa 68 izfr'kr
laoknnkrkvksa dk ekuuk gS fd fdlh fo"k; fo'ks"k tSls LokLF; vkfn dh dojst ij fdlh Hkh
lekpkj i= dh vkWfM;ksykWth dk dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA
 czsfdax U;wt& ;g t:jh ugha gS fd czsfdax U;wt vkus ij flQZ LokLF; dh [kcj dks ckgj
fd;k tk,A 58 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa dk dguk gS fd czsfdax U;wt ls LokLF; ds lekpkj dks
ckgj ugha fd;k tkrk tcfd 42 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa dk ekuuk gS fd czsfdax U;wt ds vkus
ls LokLF; ds lekpkjksa dks ckgj fd;k tkrk gSA
 lekpkji=ksa dh O;kolkf;drk& 46 izfr'kr laoknnkrk ekurs gSa fd O;kolkf;drk ds nkSj
esa lekpkji=ksa esa LokLF; dh dojst ij izHkko iM+rk gS tcfd 40 izfr'kr dh bl laca/k esa
udkjkRed jk; gS ;kfu dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA 14 izfr'kr laoknnkrkvksa dk tokc dg ugha
ldrs jgkA

lekpkji=ksa ds laikndksa] lekpkj laikndksa ds lk{kkRdkj ds ifj.kke
 LokLF; ds lekpkjksa dh dojst ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k ikWfylh ugha gksrhA izR;sd lekpkji= ds
laiknd us ekuk gS fd LokLF; dk eqnnk vge~ o izR;sd O;fDr ls tqM+k gqvk gS blfy,
LokLF; dh dojst ds fy, dbZ ckj fo'ks"k rS;kjh djuh iM+rh gSaA
 LokLF; dh dojst djus ;k u djus ds fy, ekfydksa dh rjQ ls dksbZ vkns'k izkIr ugha
gksrkA fdlh Hkh fo"k; ds fy, ,d laiknd dks Lo;a foosd ls dke ysuk gksrk gSA
 LokLF; dh dojst esa ekfydksa ;k vU; fdlh Hkh izdkj dk dksbZ ncko ugha gksrkA

 fo'ks"k LokLF; fnol] vfHk;kuksa o ekSleh chekfj;ksa ds fy, laoknnkrkvksa dh fu;qfDr ds
lkFk&lkFk lekpkj i=ksa esa Lisl dk Hkh /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA fo'o LokLF; fnol ij fo"k;
fo'ks"kKksa ls okrkZyki] ys[k@Qhpj Hkh fy[kok,a tkrs gSa rkfd ikBdksa dks bldk Hkjiwj ykHk
fey ldsA
 varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k esa ik;k x;k fd 16 izfr'kr LokLF; lekpkjksa esa lzksr dk uke ugha fy[kk
x;kA
 fu%lansg LokLF; dh fjiksfV±x ds fy, laoknnkrkvksa ds izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gS
D;ksafd LokLF; dh dojst esa rduhdh 'kCnksa@esfMdy VeZ~l dk iz;ksx vR;kf/kd gksrk gS ftUgas
le>us ds fy, fo'ks"k izf'k{k.k t:jh gSA izR;sd lekpkji= ds laiknd dk dguk gS fd
izf'k{k.k vR;Ur t:jh gSA VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k o n fgUnq ds laikndksa dk dguk gS fd ;|fi
gekjs ikl fo'ks"k LokLF; fjiksVZj gSa fQj Hkh fu;fer varjky ds ckn mUgsa izf'k{k.k dh
vko';drk gksrh gSA

 LokLF; dh dojst ds fy, vyx ls dksbZ vkpkj lafgrk ugha gSA izsl dkmafly vkWQ bafM;k
esa ,M~l ds ckjs esa fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ftlds ckjs esa laikndksa dks tkudkjh
miyC/k gS ijarq mudk ekuuk gS fd i=dkfjrk esa Lo;a dh vkpkj lafgrk dk ikyu djuk
pkfg,A laikndksa ds vuqlkj LokLF; i=dkfjrk] tuZfyLVksa ds fy, cukbZ xbZ vkpkj lafgrk esa
gh doj gks tkrh gSA
 LokLF; ds lekpkjksa ds pquko ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k izfØ;k ugha gksrhA
 ,d lkFk leku fo"k; ij feyus okyh LokLF; dh [kcjksa dk foy; dj fn;k tkrk gSA
lekpkj laikndksa dk dguk gS fd ;fn LokLF; lekpkj dk fo"k; ,d gh gS rks mUgsa foy;
dj izdkf'kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA

 losZ{k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd 68 izfr'kr laoknnkrk rduhdh 'kCnksa ;k esfMdy VeZ~l dks
le>us ds fy, MkWDVj ls ckr djrs gSaA lk{kkRdkj ls lkeus vk;k gS fd lekpkj laiknd
rduhdh 'kCnksa ds fy, fo'ks"kKksa ls ijke'kZ djrs gaSA nSfud HkkLdj esa LokLF; fo'ks"kK dh
fu;qfDr dh xbZ gS tks bl izdkj ds 'kCnksa dks lkekU; ikBd ds i<+us yk;d cuk nsrk gSA
 varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k ls Hkh irk pyrk gS fd nSfud HkkLdj ds LokLF; lekpkjksa esa ,d Hkh
'kCn esfMdy VeZ~l ;k rduhdh :i ls dfBu ugha gS ftls ikBd le> u ldsA
 lekpkji= fdUgha fo'ks"k LokLF; eqnnksa dh dojst ds fy, dksf'k'k ugha djrs gSaA orZeku
le; esa os mUgha LokLF; eqnnksa dh dojst djrs gSa ftuls tufgr gksA
 varoZLrq fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd 61 izfr'kr LokLF; ds lekpkj lek/kku ds
ifjizs{; esa fy[ks x,A lk{kkRdkj ls lkeus vk;k fd ikBdksa dh #fp ds vuqlkj LokLF;
lekpkjksa dks bl izdkj fy[kk tkrk gS D;ksafd ikBd LokLF; dh dojst ds lkFk&lkFk
chekjh QSyus ds dkj.k o cpko Hkh tkuuk pkgrk gS ftlesa LokLF; ds lekpkj lek/kku ds
:i esa fy[ks x, gksaA

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