This document discusses headaches in children. It notes that headaches are a common complaint, with migraines and viral infections being common causes. It outlines challenges in diagnosis due to limited verbal abilities in young children. The document discusses the International Classification of Headache Disorders and differentiating between primary and secondary headaches. It provides details on history taking, clinical examination, indications for MRI/MRV/CT, and management approaches including non-pharmacological therapies and pharmacological therapies like ibuprofen, sumatriptan, and various prophylactic medications.
seizure among children is always difficult to differentiate It is always good to have basic knowledge about seizure in children if you are working in small KLinik kesihatan orr PPAT/RSAT.
seizure among children is always difficult to differentiate It is always good to have basic knowledge about seizure in children if you are working in small KLinik kesihatan orr PPAT/RSAT.
Headache in children -indexforpaediatrics.comdr-nagi
Headache is one of the commonest neurological symptoms in children and young people who are
referred to doctors. Headache refers to pain involving the orbits, forehead, scalp and temples but not
the face or neck. The primary headache includes chronic or recurrent headache and migraine. The
prevalence of chronic or recurrent headaches in children occur in 60-69% by the age of 7-9 years
and 75% by the age of 15 years. The prevalence of migraine in children is up to 28% of older
teenagers. The most serious cause of the secondary headache is brain tumor and the prevalence of
brain tumours in children is 3 per 100,000 per annum.
https://indexforpaediatrics.com
Through this project, we created a helpful resource for children diagnosed with epilepsy to bring with them to sleepovers or in instances where they are surrounded by people who are unfamiliar with epilepsy. We also covered the background of epilepsy as well as treatments and prognosis for this disorder.
Febrile seizure / Pediatrics
Simple vs. Complex seizure
Possible explanation of febrile seizure
Risk Factors for Febrile Seizures
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Febrile Seizure
Risk Factors for Occurrence of Subsequent Epilepsy After a Febrile Seizure
Genetic Factors
Evaluation
Lumbar Puncture
Optional LP
Electroencephalogram
Blood Studies
Neuroimaging
TREATMENT
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, and still largely shrouded by stigmatisation. This presentation explored practical steps to the management of epilepsy, discusses the new classification of epilepsy, and touched on some relevant lifestyle changes.
Headache in children -indexforpaediatrics.comdr-nagi
Headache is one of the commonest neurological symptoms in children and young people who are
referred to doctors. Headache refers to pain involving the orbits, forehead, scalp and temples but not
the face or neck. The primary headache includes chronic or recurrent headache and migraine. The
prevalence of chronic or recurrent headaches in children occur in 60-69% by the age of 7-9 years
and 75% by the age of 15 years. The prevalence of migraine in children is up to 28% of older
teenagers. The most serious cause of the secondary headache is brain tumor and the prevalence of
brain tumours in children is 3 per 100,000 per annum.
https://indexforpaediatrics.com
Through this project, we created a helpful resource for children diagnosed with epilepsy to bring with them to sleepovers or in instances where they are surrounded by people who are unfamiliar with epilepsy. We also covered the background of epilepsy as well as treatments and prognosis for this disorder.
Febrile seizure / Pediatrics
Simple vs. Complex seizure
Possible explanation of febrile seizure
Risk Factors for Febrile Seizures
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Febrile Seizure
Risk Factors for Occurrence of Subsequent Epilepsy After a Febrile Seizure
Genetic Factors
Evaluation
Lumbar Puncture
Optional LP
Electroencephalogram
Blood Studies
Neuroimaging
TREATMENT
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition, and still largely shrouded by stigmatisation. This presentation explored practical steps to the management of epilepsy, discusses the new classification of epilepsy, and touched on some relevant lifestyle changes.
SSPE, dr. amit vatkar, pediatric neurologistDr Amit Vatkar
Subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis (SSPE) also known as Dawson Disease, Dawson encephalitis, and measles encephalitis is a rare and chronic form of progressive brain inflammation caused by a persistent infection with measles virus.
In this presentaion i will a case a sspe and give u some information regarding daignosis and treatment
the causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy has been discussed in detail with the perspective of a subject called pathophysiology in both medical sciences as well as the pharmaceutical sciences
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. INTRODUCTION
• HEADACHE: one of the common complaints in pediatric practice
• 70% of school children have headaches once a year
• 30% are d/t viral infections
• 20% d/t migraine
• 16% d/t rhinosinusitis
• Differential diagnosis of headache resolves mainly around patient’s
history
3. Challenging diagnosis in young children.
• Limited verbal,language abilities.
• Poor localization,quality.
• Non specific complaints
• Associated with other illnesses
the children headaches are adversely affected in all areas of
functioning including school performance,emotional development
and physical health.
4. International classification of headache
disorders (ICHD-II)
• PRIMARY –NOUNDERLYING PATHOLOGY AND PAIN ARISING FROM
INTRINSIC PROCESSES.
-MIGRAINE
-TENSION TYPE
-CLUSTER HEADACHE
5. SECONDARY HEADACHE
• d/t underlying pathology viz.
- head/neck trauma
- Cranial/cervical vascular disorder
- Non vascular intracranial disorder
- Substance or withdrawal from substances
- Infection
- Cranial neuralgia
- Disorder of homeostasis
- Attributed to psychiatric disorder
6.
7. History taking
• A set of questionnaire coined by Rothner is very useful in arriving at
diagnosis in case of children with headaches
1-how and when did headache begins?
• Acute headaches
• Acute recurrent headaches
• Chronic progressive headache
• Chronic non progressive headaches
• Continuous low intensity chronic headache
• Mixed headache pattern
8. 2- what is the time pattern of headache?
Sudden severe first headache –aneurysmal bleed /thunderclap headache?
3- have one type or more then one type/mixed pattern?
4-how often does the headache occur and how long does it last?
5- can you tell that headache is coming?
Suggest possibility of aura(motor/sensory/visual)
6- where the pain located and what is the quality of pain?
Squeezing?/stabbing? Or the other types?
7-what makes the headache better or worses?
8- does any activity,medication,or food tend to cause or aggravate the
headache
9-do you have stop your activities when you get headache?
10- any other medical problem?
9. 11- Do anyone in your family suffer from headaches?
12- what do you think might be causing your headache?
13-taking or being treated with any medications for headache /other
purpose
14-have other symptoms between headache?
12. Clinical examination
• Objective is to r/o ICT
• Any child with headache who is sick looking may be having migraine or
cluster headaches. ICT must also be ruled out
• Childrens with TTH are not sick looking.
• Examinations include
• Cervical spine
• Vascular evaluation for skull bruits
• Ears
• Temporomandibular
• Nerves including supra orbital,occipital ,9th ,nerves
• Eyes sinuses
• Teeth
13. If the child has any of the followinh
symptoms/signs then one should r/o ICT
• Nocturnal awakening
• Worsening by cough,micturition and defecation
• Progressive increase in frequency and severity of headaches
• Recurrent and localized headaches
• Known RF for intracranial pathology(neurocutaneous syndromes)
• Lethargy,personality change and growth abnormalities
• Neck rigidity
• Pulsatile tinnitus
• Focal deficit.
14. MRI/MRV/CT ANGIOGRAPHY?
• MRI brain is the modality of choice
• But not indicated with recurrent headaches and normal neurological
examinations
• Indication
• Abnormal neurological examination
• Abnormal or focal neurological signs or symptoms
• Seizures or brief aura
• Headache in a child <6yrs old
• Headache worst on first awakening or awakens from sleep
• Migrainous headache in the child with no family history
• Unusual headaches in children; atypical auras including
Basilar and hemiplegic,trigeminal autonomic cephalgia including cluster
headache in a child ,acute secondary headache
15. MRI/MRV/CT ANGIOGRAPHY?
• MR venography needed if a child with headache is on treatment for
nephrotic syndrome
• MRA /CT angiogram if presenting with Thunder clap headache
16.
17. Management of migraine:
• non pharmacological therapy is 1st line of treatment
• Heache diary noting trigger and their care full avoidance
• Appropriate sleep hygiene
• Regular physical activity
• Limiting caffeine
• Behavioral therapies such as relaxation,& biofeed back have shown good
efficacy
• Psycosocial intervention to reduce stress and social support for families
18. Pharmacological approach include
• Rescue and prophylactic medication
• Rescue therapy
Ibuprofen(10mkdo) and acetaminophen(15mkdo)
Sumatriptans (serotonin receptors antagonist nasally in adolescent
• Prophylaxis
Propanolol 2-4mkd
Flunazirine 5mg/day
Valproate 20-40mkd
Topiramate 1-10mkd
Cyproheptadine 0.25-1.5mjkd
Amitryptiline 10-25mg/day
These drugs are to be used in those who have frequent attacks (1-2 attacks /week)
or disabling headaches PedMIDAS score >30
