This document provides an overview of Hawaiian approaches to teaching and learning from the perspective of Trisha Kehaulani Watson. Some key points include: - Teaching in Hawaii emphasizes context, knowing your place in the community, and caring for students' well-being, health, and perpetuation of cultural traditions. - Teachers, parents, and the larger community all provide learning and instruction to students both inside and outside the home. - Effective communication, building relationships, and finding common ground are important to avoid conflicts and allow all stakeholders to be included. - Hawaiian knowledge and indigenous ways of learning should be respected and included in science because they are part of the unique cultural context, not just because they are

1. Hawaiian Approaches to Teaching and Learning Trisha Kehaulani Watson, JD, PhD watson@honuaconsulting.com

2. Introduction Born and raised in Manoa (O`ahu) Punahou School B.A. (Sociology and American Studies) University of Hawai`i, Manoa M.A. Washington State University J.D. William S. Richardson School of Law / Environmental Law Program Ph.D. American Studies (Indigenous Epistemologies)

3. Know your place and you will find your place. Context is everything.

4. Mom

5. Teaching to Teach

6. Kumu (Sources) Parents/Community Teachers Care for our children. Care for their health. Care for their well-being. To discipline them. To raise them to respect and perpetuate familial and cultural traditions. To teach them. To be engaged with their larger world. Peer evaluation and community regulation. Provide learning and instruction outside the home environment. Provide learning and instruction beyond the capacity of the parent. Communicate to the parent / community. Peer evaluation. Institutional regulation and compliance.

7. Ina pa`a `ole ka pohakukihi,ha`ule ka paia.

8. If the corner stone is not set properly, the wall shall collapse. What is the wall? What is the corner stone?

9. The Anatomy of a Conflict

10. What I do…

11. Enhancing Communication, Finding Common Ground Approach listening How do you approach a particular community or group? How do you identify stakeholders or essential individuals (i.e., leaders, parents, etc)? Reading non-verbal behavior. Listening to people; hearing people. Responding appropriately. Willing to turned down or turned away (i.e., be willing and ready to hear the answer “no” and accept it).

12. Don’t do a job, build a relationship. “This is where we lay our heads.”

13. In short: be a good scientist. Be responsible. Be honest. Be open minded. Be ethical. Obtain informed and prior consent. Minimizing harm (including group harm).

14. Follow ethical standards Do no harm Prior and informed consent Consultation Information Participation Capacity Building Enabling Self-Empowerment Representative and Inclusive Institutions Minimize harm Consider group harm Obtain prior consent Consider adverse effects Take immediate corrective action when there are unexpected adverse effects Take immediate responsibility for any immediate adverse effects

15. Open Communication +Relationship communication relationship Avoid misunderstandings (and thereby conflict) Allow for inclusion of outside / community resources Enhances innovation Allows for community evaluation (ho`ike) Demonstrates relevancy Fosters curiosity Minimize or mitigate misunderstandings (and thereby conflict) Allows teacher or scientist to appreciate the context (and human dimensions) in which activity is taking place Build community

16. Kaho`olawe: Kinolau o Kanaloa

18. Hawaiian Approaches to Science Understanding Unique Perspectives on Context and Content

19. Papahanaumoku `Aina kapu Understanding kapu The context and history of the kapu system Respecting kapu `Ike kapu `Ike is not noa When `ike is huna Indigenous ways of learning and knowing

20. Hawaiian knowledge should not be included because it’s cultural, it must be included because it’s indigenous.

21. It’s just good science.

22. Place Names Holoikauaua `Iliopi`i Kalaeoka`ilio Pu`uanahulu

23. Final Suggestions If you have good communication and a good relationship, you will be more likely to find a place of agreement and understanding. A good relationship is one in which all parties teach and learn. Remember that many local groups can use primarily passive and non-verbal communication.

24. Mahalo! Questions?