Harry Coumnas Is Researching On Snow-Capped Pyramids In Antarctica
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Harry Coumnas, a famous scientist is planning to visit Antarctica to research about these snow-capped pyramids. These pyramids are covered by snow on each side; the find has prompted different theories that the snowy caps on Earth were once inhabited by humanity.
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2. Scientists from LIGO detected gravitational waves from the collision of two black holes over a billion years ago, confirming Einstein's theory of relativity.
3. Archaeological discoveries in Australia have shown that humans have inhabited the continent's interior for at least 49,000 years, 10,000 years longer than previously thought.
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There are three main theories for what caused the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago:
1) An asteroid collision - A 10km wide meteorite struck the Yucatan Peninsula, releasing dust that blocked the sun for a year and caused widespread disasters.
2) Enormous volcanic eruptions - Eruptions in India released poisonous gases and dust that changed the climate through the greenhouse effect.
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- The first geologic time scale was proposed in 1913 by British geologist Arthur Holmes, estimating Earth's age at around 4 billion years old, much older than previously believed.
- Geologists have divided Earth's history into time intervals of varying lengths marked by significant geological or biological events, such as mass extinctions.
- The time scale includes eons like the Phanerozoic Eon which are hundreds of millions of years long and divided into eras like the Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic marked by very significant events. Eras are further divided into periods which are also defined by boundary events.
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The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale which divides Earth's history into units including eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It describes the three main eras:
1) The Paleozoic Era (544-251 million years ago) which was dominated by invertebrates and saw the rise of fish and amphibians on land and sea.
2) The Mesozoic Era (251-65 million years ago) which was dominated by reptiles like dinosaurs and saw the rise of mammals and the breakup of Pangaea.
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Geologic time scale
The document discusses the geologic time scale, which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, and periods based on changes in the fossil record found in different rock layers. Scientists use radiometric dating to determine the ages of each rock layer and develop a timeline of life on Earth from single-celled organisms in the Precambrian to mammals becoming dominant in the Cenozoic era.
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- Dinosaurs lived on Earth for over 165 million years from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago. They varied greatly in size and appearance.
- Extinction occurs when a species can no longer adapt to environmental changes, leading to their death. The asteroid impact theory and volcanic eruption theory attempt to explain the mass extinction event that killed the dinosaurs.
- Both theories have evidence supporting and challenging them. Evidence supporting asteroid impact includes the iridium layer and shocked quartz found globally. Evidence challenging it suggests the impact predated the extinction. Evidence for volcanism includes massive eruptions emitting sulfur for 10,000 years. Evidence challenging volcanism finds an asteroid
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- Dinosaurs lived on Earth for over 165 million years from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago. They varied greatly in size and appearance.
- Extinction occurs when a species can no longer adapt to environmental changes, leading to their death. A popular theory is that an asteroid impact caused the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs. However, some evidence challenges this and suggests massive volcanic eruptions may have been responsible.
- The document discusses and provides evidence for both the asteroid impact theory and volcanic eruption theory for the cause of the dinosaur extinction. While the asteroid theory was widely accepted, newer evidence is increasingly supporting the volcanic eruption theory as well.
Psych - 2013-2014 - Walter Alvarez shortened reading
Walter Alvarez and his team discovered unusually high levels of iridium, an element found in meteorites, in the layer of clay marking the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods when the dinosaurs went extinct. This provided evidence that a large asteroid may have struck Earth and caused the extinction by ejecting dust that blocked the sun for years. While further tests found evidence of an impact but not a supernova, debate continued on the link between the impact and extinction until multiple lines of evidence from glass particles to shockwaves to a massive crater supported the asteroid hypothesis. However, scientists still study other possible contributing factors like volcanism and climate change.
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How Did Dinosaurs Die
Walter Alvarez's research in Italy in 1980 helped develop the asteroid impact theory for the extinction of dinosaurs. He found a thin clay layer with high iridium levels between rock layers. His father Luis, a physicist, suggested measuring iridium to determine the layer's formation time. Iridium is rare on Earth but common in asteroids and meteors. Tests found iridium levels in the clay layer were far higher than surrounding rock, indicating a large asteroid impact. This supported the theory that an asteroid hit Earth and caused a mass extinction including dinosaurs.
History of earth 1.0w
Human civilization has existed for a very short time on Earth. If we take the existence of Earth as equivalent to one year in time. Then human civilisation only appears on the last second of the last hour of the last day in the Earth’s year. Human has been fighting each other since the beginning of history. In the last century, we had two World Wars, when millions were killed. But I am the luck generation that miraculously never experienced wars, although the drums of wars are never too far away. We have arsenals of weapons that could destroy the world many times over. In my life time, I have also seen many of our children, marrying people of different races too. Our greatest enemy is ourselves. If we can survive this, there is the whole universe to explore. Finally, just remind ourselves that the longest Ice Age on Earth lasted for well over 1 billion years long and our civilisation is only 10,000 years old. 16 Jan 2022.
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- The Earth is approximately 4.5 billion years old, and scientists use the term "deep time" to describe immense periods of time in Earth's history.
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- Major geological eras include the Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic periods. During the Paleozoic, plants began evolving and fossils fuels were formed from ancient plants and animals. The Mesozoic saw the rise of dinosaurs, which inhabited Earth for approximately 200 million years.
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Mesozoic era
The Mesozoic Era began 245 million years ago after a mass extinction and was subdivided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. It ended approximately 66 million years ago with another major mass extinction. During the Triassic, new types of animals emerged to fill empty ecological niches following the last extinction event, including the earliest dinosaurs. The Jurassic saw the rise of large herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs, as well as flying reptiles and the earliest birds and mammals. The Cretaceous period ended with a mass extinction that wiped out all non-avian dinosaurs and many other land and sea creatures.
Theories for the extinction of dinosaurs
There are three main theories for what caused the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago:
1) An asteroid collision - A 10km wide meteorite struck the Yucatan Peninsula, releasing dust that blocked the sun for a year and caused widespread disasters.
2) Enormous volcanic eruptions - Eruptions in India released poisonous gases and dust that changed the climate through the greenhouse effect.
3) Increased competition with mammals - As conditions changed, mammals may have outcompeted dinosaurs for resources due to mammals being smaller and more adaptable. The fossil record does not definitively show the level of competition.
Mesozoic
The document summarizes key aspects of the Mesozoic Era when dinosaurs ruled the Earth. It describes the three periods (Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous), the types of plants and animals that existed during this time, including early dinosaurs. It then focuses on the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, believed to have been caused by an asteroid impact. The impact would have caused global climate changes through atmospheric effects that disrupted ecosystems and food chains.
Geologic Time Scale 9
The document summarizes the geologic time scale which divides Earth's history into sections called eons, eras, periods, and epochs based on major changes. The largest eras include Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The Precambrian saw the emergence of life. The Paleozoic was dominated by marine invertebrates. The Mesozoic was the 'Age of Reptiles'. The Cenozoic era sees mammals rise to dominance. Mass extinctions marked transitions between eras.
geological time scale
- The first geologic time scale was proposed in 1913 by British geologist Arthur Holmes, estimating Earth's age at around 4 billion years old, much older than previously believed.
- Geologists have divided Earth's history into time intervals of varying lengths marked by significant geological or biological events, such as mass extinctions.
- The time scale includes eons like the Phanerozoic Eon which are hundreds of millions of years long and divided into eras like the Cenozoic, Mesozoic and Paleozoic marked by very significant events. Eras are further divided into periods which are also defined by boundary events.
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Dinosaurs were an extremely diverse group of animals, with over 500 identified genera and nearly 2,000 estimated to have existed. Many dinosaurs shared skeletal features but they were not unique to dinosaurs. Images show the earth and dinosaurs throughout history. The earth formed 4.57 billion years ago and is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Dinosaurs lived on earth for around 3,000 come in a wide range of sizes, some ate plants and others were carnivores, and they obtained food from the land.
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NASA discovered Earth's older cousin planet Kepler 452b in 2015, which is 60% larger than Earth and has a similar temperature. The Mars Phoenix lander confirmed the presence of water ice and organic compounds on Mars. Researchers discovered that caves in Indonesia containing the world's oldest art are four times older than previously thought. Scientists mapped the largest known cave, Haiting Hall in China, which is 100 meters wide, 118 meters deep, and almost 200 meters long. NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope discovered seven Earth-sized planets orbiting a dwarf star called TRAPPIST-1 in 2017.
Geologic time scale
The document summarizes Earth's geologic history from its formation 4.6 billion years ago to the present. It is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. The earliest eons included the Hadean and Archean, when Earth was molten and the first life formed. The Proterozoic saw continued formation of continents and oxygen buildup. The Phanerozoic eon saw the rise of complex life, including during the Paleozoic era of the Cambrian, Ordovician, and other periods. During the Mesozoic era, life included dinosaurs and the breakup of Pangaea. The Cenozoic era is the current one including the C
Geological time scale power point hines
The document summarizes the three main geological eras - the Paleozoic Era from 542 to 251 million years ago, the Mesozoic Era from 251 to 65.5 million years ago, and the Cenozoic Era from 65.5 million years ago to present. It provides key details about the evolution of life and changes in climate, geology, and landscapes that occurred during each era. The Paleozoic saw the rise of invertebrates, corals, and early plants and vertebrates. During the Mesozoic, dinosaurs and flowering plants appeared while Pangea formed. In the Cenozoic, mammals flourished as the dinosaurs went extinct, mountain ranges rose, and humans
Geologic Time
The document discusses how geologists use rocks and fossils to understand Earth's history. Rock layers and fossils provide evidence about past life forms and environmental conditions. By analyzing things like rock formations, unconformities, and the fossils contained within rocks, geologists have learned that Earth is much older than previously believed and has undergone geological changes over long periods of time. Radiometric dating techniques also allow geologists to estimate the age of rocks and events in Earth's history.
The geological time scale
The document summarizes the Geologic Time Scale which divides Earth's history into units including eons, eras, periods, and epochs. It describes the three main eras:
1) The Paleozoic Era (544-251 million years ago) which was dominated by invertebrates and saw the rise of fish and amphibians on land and sea.
2) The Mesozoic Era (251-65 million years ago) which was dominated by reptiles like dinosaurs and saw the rise of mammals and the breakup of Pangaea.
3) The ongoing Cenozoic Era (past 65 million years) which is the "Age of Mammals" and
Geologic time scale
The document discusses the geologic time scale, which divides Earth's history into eons, eras, and periods based on changes in the fossil record found in different rock layers. Scientists use radiometric dating to determine the ages of each rock layer and develop a timeline of life on Earth from single-celled organisms in the Precambrian to mammals becoming dominant in the Cenozoic era.
Geologic time scale_1
The geologic time scale is a system used to describe Earth's history by dividing it into units of time based on changes in lifeforms and rock layers. It begins over 4.6 billion years ago with the formation of Earth and extends to the present. Major divisions include eons like the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, eras like the Paleozoic and Cenozoic, and periods like the Jurassic and Quaternary. Life began as single-celled organisms and evolved over billions of years to include complex plants and animals, with major extinction events periodically wiping out many species. The current geologic period is the Quaternary, which began over 2 million years ago and includes the evolution
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- Extinction occurs when a species can no longer adapt to environmental changes, leading to their death. The asteroid impact theory and volcanic eruption theory attempt to explain the mass extinction event that killed the dinosaurs.
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3) The Antikythera mechanism, a complex astronomical instrument found in a 2nd century BC shipwreck, was far more advanced than technology of the time.
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5) Excavations in Bosnia have revealed
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About Extinctions
Sixty-five million years ago, more than half of all species went extinct, including all non-avian dinosaurs, giant sea reptiles, and flying pterosaurs. While many plant and animal groups were wiped out, mammals, birds, turtles, crocodiles and some marine invertebrates survived. The mass extinction marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Scientists believe the extinction was caused by either a massive asteroid or comet impact, or intense volcanic activity, both of which would have released particles and gases that blocked the sun's rays and caused climate change. Debate continues on the relative contributions of these two hypotheses.
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The document discusses the history of Earth and how its environment has changed over billions of years. It describes how astronauts saw Earth as a single moment in time, and how the continents have shifted locations over hundreds of millions of years. It also explains how climate changes, like ice ages, have significantly altered Earth's surface and influenced human migration patterns in the past.
1 2 populating the world
Early humans began migrating out of Africa around 100,000 years ago as the climate changed. They moved into Asia, Europe, and other regions. During ice ages, lower sea levels formed land bridges like the one between Asia and North America, allowing humans to migrate to new continents. As people explored different landscapes, they adapted by developing new tools, techniques for shelter and clothing, and domesticated animals. The Bering Strait theory suggests that early humans crossed into North America from Asia via the land bridge that used to exist between the two continents.
Unexplained artifacts
Mysterious metal spheres measuring about an inch in diameter have been found in South Africa in rock dated to 2.8 billion years old, and some are etched with three parallel grooves. Fossils that seem out of place have also been found, including a human handprint in limestone estimated at 110 million years old and a possible human footprint from 300-600 million years ago. In 1938 in China, an expedition discovered a cave containing hundreds of stone disks approximately nine inches in diameter with a central circle and spiral groove etched with tiny hieroglyphs telling a story about a crashed spacecraft and its pilots called the Dropa.
Unexplained artifacts
Mysterious metal spheres measuring about an inch in diameter have been found in South Africa in rock dated to 2.8 billion years old, and some are etched with three parallel grooves. Fossils that seem out of place have also been found, including a human handprint in limestone estimated at 110 million years old and a possible human footprint from 300-600 million years ago. In 1938, an expedition in China discovered a cave containing hundreds of stone disks approximately nine inches in diameter with a central circle and spiral groove etched with tiny hieroglyphs describing a crash landing of spacecraft carrying beings called Dropa.
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2019 tg lithosphere1 earth
The document discusses the structure and evolution of the Earth. It describes the Earth's interior as being composed of a crust, mantle, and core. The crust and upper mantle form tectonic plates that move over Earth's surface. Evidence for plate tectonics includes matching continental margins and the distribution of fossils, rocks, and glacial deposits across continents. The Earth formed over 4.6 billion years ago from a solar nebula. Life evolved around 3.8 billion years ago and photosynthesis emerged 2.5-3 billion years ago. The atmosphere and climate have changed over geological eras from the Archean to present day.
2014science
a) Engravings found on 500,000 year old seashells in Indonesia provide evidence that Homo erectus was capable of symbolic thought, suggesting human culture developed over a long period of time.
b) Recent studies help explain how injecting old mice with young blood can reverse cognitive decline by elucidating the mechanism responsible for rejuvenation.
c) The discovery of Kepler-186f, the first Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of its star, provides evidence that places similar to Earth exist elsewhere in the universe.
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Harry Coumnas Is Researching On Snow-Capped Pyramids In Antarctica
- 1. Harry CoumnasHarry Coumnas IsIs Researching On Snow-Researching On Snow- Capped Pyramids InCapped Pyramids In AntarcticaAntarctica
- 2. Recently, the Antarctica once again hit theRecently, the Antarctica once again hit the headline. This time it isn’t about the weatherheadline. This time it isn’t about the weather record rather it is about the revelation of four-record rather it is about the revelation of four- sided structure, which bears an uncannysided structure, which bears an uncanny resemblance to the famous Egyptian pyramidsresemblance to the famous Egyptian pyramids built thousand years ago.built thousand years ago.
- 3. These pyramids are covered by snow on eachThese pyramids are covered by snow on each side; the find has prompted different theoriesside; the find has prompted different theories that the snowy caps on Earth were oncethat the snowy caps on Earth were once inhabited by humanity.inhabited by humanity.
- 4. Harry CoumnasHarry Coumnas, a famous scientist is, a famous scientist is planning to visit Antarctica to research aboutplanning to visit Antarctica to research about these snow-capped pyramids. Till now, threethese snow-capped pyramids. Till now, three structures have apparently have been found,structures have apparently have been found, two roughly ten miles and the other close totwo roughly ten miles and the other close to the coast.the coast.
- 5. Earlier in 2009, scientists studied samplesEarlier in 2009, scientists studied samples taken from the frozen continent and discoveredtaken from the frozen continent and discovered pollen, suggesting the temperature was muchpollen, suggesting the temperature was much higher than the frosty -49c, around 20c.higher than the frosty -49c, around 20c.
- 6. After three years, in 2012, scientists identifiedAfter three years, in 2012, scientists identified 32 species of bacteria from Lake Vida, east32 species of bacteria from Lake Vida, east Antarctica, lending further proof the climateAntarctica, lending further proof the climate was entirely different to the frozen tundra thatwas entirely different to the frozen tundra that its today.its today.
- 7. Harry CoumnasHarry Coumnas says,” This is due to thesays,” This is due to the climate change in the global environments,climate change in the global environments, historical spots also suggests a very differenthistorical spots also suggests a very different temperature & eco-system thousands andtemperature & eco-system thousands and millions of years ago, that Antarctica couldmillions of years ago, that Antarctica could have been a lush, tropical land.”have been a lush, tropical land.”
- 8. Many experts theorized a civilization similar toMany experts theorized a civilization similar to what existed in Asia, Africa and Europe livedwhat existed in Asia, Africa and Europe lived here.here.
- 9. Some more suggestions point towards extra-Some more suggestions point towards extra- terrestrial help is also among theories for theterrestrial help is also among theories for the Antarctic pyramid; another explanation is itAntarctic pyramid; another explanation is it could be a natural phenomenon known ascould be a natural phenomenon known as nunatak, which is mountain peaks which jut upnunatak, which is mountain peaks which jut up just above massive glaciers.just above massive glaciers.