Haritha Varga and Correlation With Modern Food Article- Ayurveda being immortal science always establishes its own approach towards human wellbeing. In Ayurveda food is considered as medicine so to suggest to appreciate food on the basis of properties and to get good health

1. DR. Arpitha .R
III MD Scholar
Dept. of PG studies in SwasthaVritta
JSSAMC
6/12/2020 1

2. 1. Introduction
2. Haritha varga acc to Charaka Samhitha
3. According different samhitha
4. Individual dravya in detail
5. Contemporary veiw
6. Research work
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion
9. Reference
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3.  Dietary factors play a key role in the development of
various human diseases. Across cultures, there are
many different dietary patterns which are believed to
promote human health.
 Perceiving plant foods as beneficial diet is advised by
the Acharya over centuries.
 The right kind of food is the most important single
most factor in promotion of health
 So Ahara vargas are explained in our science to
choose proper food articles to enhance health.
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4. 6/12/2020 4
Charaka Sushrutha Vagbhata
Shukha dhanya Drava varga Annapanavarga Shuka
Shami dhanya Jala Dhanya Shimbhi
Mamsa Khsira Mamsa Krutanna
Shaka Dadhi Phala Mamsa
Phala Takra Shaka Shaka
Harita Ghrta Lavana Phala
Madya Taila Krtanna Aushada
Ambu Madhu Bhaksya
Ikshu vikruthi Iksu Anupana
Krutanna Madya
Aharayogi Mutra

5. It is of six kinds
 Patra
 Pushpa
 Phala
 Nala
 Kanda
 Swedaja
Each are harder for
digestion in succeeding
order
 Any parts of plant
which can be edible raw
or cooked are
considered as the food
articles of Haritha
varga
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Bhavaprakasha
5
HarithaShaka
Ch.Su.27

6. Haritha varga dravyas are food articles which are
used
 Either cooked or uncooked
 Either before or after food
 Haritha varga are not for bestowing contentment.
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chakrapani
6
General Properties

7. 1. Ardraka
2. Jambira
3. Mulaka
4. Surasa
5. Yavani
6. Arjaka
7. Sigru
8. Saliya
9. Mrushtaka
10. Gandira
11. Jala pippali
12. Tumburu
13. Srungaverika
14. Bhustruna
15. Kharahva
16. Dhanyaka
17. Ajaganda
18. Sumukha
19. Grnjanaka
20. Palandu
21. Lashuna
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8. Synonym :
Vishvabeshaja
Propertires :
 Rochana – Bestows taste
 Deepana – Carminative
 Vrushya – Aphrodisiac
Ardraka rasa
 Vata Shleshma hara
 Vibhandahara
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1. Ardraka
According to
Chakrapani—
ardraka excludes
shunti
(aharasamyogi
varga)

9. 6/12/2020 9
• Ardraka- The father of Dhṛti.
• Ardraka & Shunti – Mahoushadhis.
• As both are used in wide spectrum of diseases, it is named as
MAHOUSHADI by Acharyas
• In Kaiyadeva nighatu Ardra nagaram and shunti were
described separately. Their properties are also different .
• Synonyms:
Aushadha, Mahaushadha, Nagara, Vishva,
Vishvabheshaja, Sringavera, Nagaram, Katubhadram
,Uthkatam, Ooshanam.
Conti…

10. 6/12/2020 10
GRANTHA VARGA
Charaka Samhitha Ardraka-haritha varga
Shunti-aharopayogi varga ,
Triptighna varga, Arsoghna varga, Deepaniya
varga, Sula Prashamana, Sheeta Prashamana,
Trishna nigrahana, Sthanya shodhana
SushrutaSamhitha Pippalyadi gana , Trikatu
Vaghbatta Samhitha Ardraka-Shaka varga
Shunti-Aoushadha varga
Bhavaprakasa Nighantu Harithakyadi varga
Madanapala Nighantu Shuntyadi varga
Raja Nighantu Pipplyadi,Mishrakadi varga
Kaiyadeva Nighantu Pipalyadi
Varga

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Rasa Panchaka Ardraka Shunti
Rasa Katu Tikta,
Madhura
Na Pitta Krut
Katu Pittalam
Guna Ruksha,teekshna Laghu, Snighdha
Karma Bhedani, Deepani, Amavatagni , Ruchya,
Pachani, Vibandanuth,
Vrushya, Swarya
Doshgnatha Vata Kaphapaha Kapha Vatanuth
Veerya Ushna Ushna
Vipaka Madhura Madhura
Rasa Panchaka

12.  Ginger is a member of a plant family that includes cardamom and
turmeric.
 Its spicy aroma is mainly due to presence of ketones, especially the
gingerols, which appear to be the primary component of ginger
 The rhizome, which is the horizontal stem from which the roots
grow, is the main portion of ginger that is consumed.
 Ginger’s current name comes from the Middle English gingivere,
but this spice dates back over 3000 years to the Sanskrit
word srngaveram, meaning “horn root,” based on its appearance.
 In Greek, it was called ziggiberis, and in Latin, zinziberi.
Interestingly, ginger does not grow in the wild and its actual origins
are uncertain.
 Used as medicine by INDIANS, Chinese, Roman
6/12/2020
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92775/Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects The
Amazing and Mighty Ginger Ann M. Bode and Zigang Dong.
12
Ginger

13. 6/12/2020 13
Ginger production, 2016
Country Production (tonnes)
India 1,109,000
Nigeria 522,964
China 463,707
Indonesia 340,341
Nepal 271,863
Thailand 164,266
World 3,270,762
Source: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Statistics
Division (FAOSTAT)
Production

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Ginger : English
Chinese: Sheng jiang
Nepali: Gember
Dutch: Gemeiner
German: Gengibre
Spanish Gingembre
French: Gingimbre
Caribbean : Imbir lekarski
Indonesian: Khing
Thai: Saenggang
Korean: Shokyo
Japanese : Katubhadra
Sanskrit: Srngavera,
Ardrakha
Hindi: Adarak
Bengali: Adu
Gujarati: Alla,
Kannada: Hasishunti
Marathi : Ardrak, Ale
Punjabi: Adi, Adrak
Tamil: Allamu
Telugu: Allam
Urdu: Adrak
Malayalam: Inchi
Vernacular names

15. 6/12/2020 15
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Zingiber
Species: Z. officinale
Binomial name
Zingiber officinale
Scientific classification

16.  Ginger continued to be a highly sought commodity in Europe
even after the fall of the Roman Empire, with Arab merchants
controlling the trade in ginger and other spices for centuries.
 In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the value of a pound
of ginger was equivalent to the cost of a sheep.
 By medieval times, it was being imported in preserved form to
be used in sweets.
 Queen Elizabeth I of England is credited with the invention of
the Ginger bread Man, which became a popular Christmas
treat.
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As a Food commodity

17. At least 31 gingerol-related compounds have been identified from the
methanolic crude extracts of fresh ginger rhizome. Ginger has been
fractionated into at least 14 bioactive compounds, including
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Phytochemicals
Gingerol
Paradol
Shogaol
1-dehydro-gingerdione
Gingerdione,
Hexahydrocurcumin
Tetrahydrocurcumin
Gingerenone A
1,7-bis-(4′ Hydroxyl-3′
Methoxyphenyl)
5-methoxyhepthan-3-one
Methoxy-[10]-gingerol
Essential oils, phenolic compounds,
flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins,
alkaloids, glycosides, saponins,
steroids, terpenoids and tannin as
the major phytochemical groups.
2-3%-Volatile oil - Gingerol,
Shogal-Responsible for Katu rasa

18.  Ginger has been purported to exert a variety of powerful therapeutic
and preventive effects and has been used for thousands of years for
the treatment of hundreds of ailments from colds to cancer.
 The evidence for the effectiveness of ginger as an antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory agent, anti-nausea compound, and anticancer.
 Ginger contains a very high level (3.85 mmol/100 g) of total
antioxidants, surpassed only by pomegranate and some types of
berries.
 Ginger was reported to decrease age-related oxidative stress
markers .
 Ginger extract has been reported to exert radio- protective effects in
mice exposed to gamma radiation
 One of the many health claims attributed to ginger is its purported
ability to decrease inflammation, swelling, and pain.
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Therapeutic Activity

19.  Ginger has been suggested to be effective against inflammation,
osteoarthritis, and rheumatism (Reginster et al. 2000).
 General muscular discomfort when using powdered ginger as a
dietary supplement for 3 months to 2 years (Srivastava and
Mustafa 1992)
 A double-blind comparative clinical trial indicated that ginger
(250-mg) was as effective as the NSAIDS- mefenamic acid (250
mg) and ibuprofen (400 mg) in relieving pain in women with
Primary dysmenorrhea (Ozgoli, Goli, and Moattar 2009).
 Several double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical
trials have indicated that ginger consumption is effective and safe
in helping to Prevent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
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Therapeutic Activity

20.  Ginger has been recommended to combat Nausea associated with
chemotherapy (Sharma and Gupta 1998; Grant and Lutz 2000).
 Caution when taking ginger and other herbal extracts has been
suggested because of an apparent association of ginger with
reported incidences of increased risk of bleeding following
surgery (Chang and Whitaker 2001; Pribitkin and Boger 2001)
 Ginger has been suggested to have anti-diabetic effects. In the
Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.
 Components of ginger rhizomes are reported to contain potent
compounds capable of suppressing allergic reactions and useful
for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases like
ASTHMA
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Therapeutic Activity

21. The effectiveness of ginger in preventing or suppressing
cancer growth has been examined in a variety of cancer
types, including
 Lymphoma,
 Hepatoma,
 Colorectal Cancer
 Breast Cancer
 Skin Cancer
 Liver Cancer
 Bladder Cancer
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Therapeutic Activity

22.  Ginger is recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) as a food additive that is “generally recognized as safe.”
 However, and notably, in 1930, thousands of Americans were
poisoned and paralyzed by an illicit extract of Jamaican ginger
(jake) that was used to circumvent Prohibition laws. The extract
had been adulterated with a neurotoxic organophosphate
compound, triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP; Crandall
1931; Morgan and Penovich 1978).
 The ginger extract was banned in 1931.
 After confirming with evidence based studies Oral administration
of a ginger extract - 1000 mg/kg was reported to be safe and even
tolerated well by pregnant rats was considered by FDA
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23. Rochana – Bestow taste
Deepana – Kindles hunger
Teekshna – Penetrating
Sugandhi – Pleasant smell
Mukha shodhana – Cleanses the mouth
Kaphavatagna – Mitigate kapha & vata
Krimighna – Destroys worms
Bakthapachana – Digests the food
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2. Jambira
According to
Chakrapani–
Variety of
parnasa

24.  The term nimbuka was not traceable in the vwdic
litreture as well as in the samhitha. However
JAMBIRA is mentioned in the atharva parisihta
5thchapter.
 Among brihathrayi sushrutha denoted the synonym
Jambira under phala varga(S.S.Su. 46/139)
 Jambira and nimbuka are thought to be same. But
bhavamishra described Swalpa Jambira, Nimbuka and
Mishtaphala which are explained in phala varga
 Under Panchamla both jambira and Nimbuka
seperately.
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Controversies

25.  Vana jambira – Atalantia malabarica- Wild Lime
 Jambira – Citrus aurantifolia- Lime
 Mishta nimbuphala– Citrus limetta- Sweet lime
 Naranga – Citrus reticulata- Orange
 Madhukarkati – Citrus maxima- Pummelo
 Nimbuka – Citrus limon- Lemon
 Bijapuraka – Citrus medica- Citron
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Varities

26. 6/12/2020 26
Atalantia malabarica- wild lime Citrus aurantifolia- Lime
Citrus limetta- Sweet lime
Citrus reticulata- Orange Citrus maxima- Pummelo Citrus limon- Lemon
Citrus medica- Citron

27.  Citrus aurantifolia (family: Rutaceae) is mainly used in
daily consumption, in many cultural cuisines, and in juice
production.
 C. aurantiifolia is a shrubby tree, to 5 m (16 ft), with
many thorns.
 C. aurantiifolia is native to Southeast Asia
 Flowers and fruit appear throughout the year, but are
most abundant from May to September in the Northern
Hemisphere
 Dwarf varieties exist that can be grown indoors during
winter months and in colder climates.
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28. The constituents are
 Apigenin
 Hesperetin
 Kaempferol
 Limonoids
 Quercetin
 Naringenin
 Nobiletin
 Rutin
Secondary Metabolites
 Alkaloids
 Carotenoid
 Coumarins
 Essential Oils
 Flavonoids
 Phenolic Acids
 Triterpenoids.
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29.  Anti-bacterial
 Anti-cancer
 Anti-diabetic
 Anti-fungal
 Anti-hypertensive
 Anti-inflammation
 Anti-lipidemia
 Antioxidant
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5214556/
29
Therapeutic Activities

30. 3. Mulaka
It is shreshta among mulaka.
It allivates tridosaha
According to
Chakrapani—
When all rasa
is not well
manifested
Bala mulaka
Doshahara
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31. Mulaka
Processed with oil and
other ingredients
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Snigdha siddha mulaka
Vatahara

32. Vrudha mulaka
Tridosha
Mulaka
It causes aggravation of
all tridosha
According to
Chakrapani–
when fully grown
manifested all
rasa tridoshakara
Worst among tubers/rhizome
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33. Vishushka mulaka
Kaphavatahara
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Mulaka
Sun Dried radish-
(Chinese radish, daikon) is a
traditional ingredient in many
Taiwanese meals and street food.

34.  Shalamrakataka
 Visra
 Saleya
 Marusambhava
 Chanakyamulaka
 Tikshna
 Mulapotika mulaka
Katu rasa
Ushna veerya
Laghu guna
Ruchya, deepana, swarya
Tridoshahara
Cures– jwara, shwasa, nasakantanetra
roga
 Nepala mulaka
It is like tusk of elephant
Ruksha rasa
Ushna veerya
Guru guna
Tridoshakara
Cooked with sneha dravya
alleviates tridosha
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Bhavaprakasha nighantu
Laghu mulaka Mahat mulaka

35.  Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a root vegetable grown and
consumed all over the world and is considered part of the
human diet, even though it is not common among some
populations.
 It is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that
was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times.
 They have numerous varieties, varying in size, flavor, color,
and length of time they take to mature. Radishes owe their
sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by
the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase,
and isothiocyanate.
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Radish

36. 6/12/2020 36
Scientific classification
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Raphanus
Species: R. raphanistrum
Subspecies: R. raphanistrumsubsp. s
ativus
Binomial name
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp.sativus

37.  White Icicle (spring)
The White Icicle is a 4-6 inch long
white skinned, white fleshed radish.
The flavor is quite mild, it is best grown
in the cooler spring and fall
weather. Container Size — 6-8 inches
deep, plants on 2-3 inch centers.
 Comet (spring)
The Comet is a small, 1 inch diameter
round, red skinned, white fleshed
radish. It is the type typically found in
the supermarkets. It can be grown in hot
summer weather. Container Size — 4
inches deep, plants on 2 inch centers.
 Black Spanish Round (winter)
The Black Spanish Round radish is
a baseball sized black skinned,
white flesh radish. It has one of the
most pungent flavours of all the
radishes. Usually, it is either
marinated or cooked.
Container Size — 8-10 inches
deep, plants on 4-6 inch centers.
 China Rose (winter)
The China Rose is a 6 inch long
oblong shaped radish. The skin is
rose coloured with white flesh. It
has a fairly strong flavours and is
good raw, marinated or
cooked. Container Size — 8-10
inches deep, plants on 4-6 inch
centers
6/12/2020 37
Types

38. 6/12/2020 38
Types

39.  English: Radish
 Hindi: mauli, mulak, muli
 Manipuri: Mula
 Marathi: mula
 Malayalam:molabham, mullaanki,
patiram
 Telugu: mullangi
 Kannada: molamgi, mulamgi, mullangi
 Bengali: mulo
 Kashmiri: muju
 Konkani: mulo
 Urdu: fujul
 Gujarati: mulo
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Vernacular Names

40.  These antidiabetic properties may be due to its ability
to enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism and
decrease oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation,
improve hormonal-induced glucose hemostasis,
promote glucose uptake and energy metabolism, and
reduce glucose absorption in the intestine.
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Therapeutic Activities

41. Rogaghnata
Hikka
Kasa
Visha
Shwasa
Arshas
Parshvashoola
Pootigandha
6/12/2020
“Mother Medicine of Nature” “The Queen of Herbs,”
and is revered as an “elixir of life”
41
Kapha hara
Vata hara
Pitta kara

42.  Ocimum tenuiflorum or Ocimum
sanctum commonly known as holy
basil, tulasi
 It is an aromatic perennial plant in the
family Lamiaceae.
 Tulasi is cultivated for religious
and traditional medicine purposes, and
for its essential oil.
 It is widely used as a herbal tea and has
a place within the Vaishnava tradition
of Hinduism, in which devotees
perform worship involving holy basil
plants or leaves.
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Basil

43.  Holy basil is an erect, many-branched subshrub, 30–60 cm
(12–24 in) tall with hairy stems.
 Leaves are green or purple; they are simple, petioled, with
an ovate, up to 5 cm (2.0 in)-long blade which usually has a
slightly toothed margin; they are strongly scented and have
a decussate phyllotaxy.
 DNA barcodes of various biogeographical isolates of tulsi
from the Indian subcontinent are now available.
 In a large-scale phylogeographical study of this species
conducted using chloroplast genome sequences, a group of
researchers from Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, have
found that this plant originates from North Central India
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Holy basil

44. 6/12/2020 44
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Ocimum
Species: O. tenuiflorum
Binomial name
Ocimum tenuiflorum

45.  English: Basil, Sweet basil
 Bengali: Khubkalam
 Hindi: Babui tulsi, Ram Tulsi
 Kannada: kaama gaggare, kaama kasturi
 Malayalam: pach-cha-pushpam, pachcha,
ram-tulasi
 Manipuri: Tulsi
 Marathi: Bhoo tulasi, Bhu-tulasi
 Tamil: Tirunittru, Chankanirakkarantai,
Chapchavitai
 Telugu: bhoo tulasi, bhu-tulasi
 Urdu: burg faranjmushk, burg firanjmishk
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Vernacular Name

46.  Holy basil
 Lemon basil
 White basil
 Thai basil
 Purple basil
6/12/2020 46

47.  Oleanolic Acid
 Ursolic Acid
 Rosmarinic Acid
 Eugenol
 Carvacrol
 Linalool
 Β-caryophyllene(about 8%)
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Phytochemical Constituents

48.  Antimicrobial (Including
Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal,
Antiprotozoal, Antimalarial,
Anthelmintic),
 Mosquito Repellent,
 Anti-diarrheal,
 Anti-oxidant,
 Anti-cataract,
 Anti-inflammatory,
 Chemopreventive,
 Radioprotective,
 Hepato-protective,
 Neuro-protective,
 Cardio-protective,
 Anti-diabetic,
 Anti-hypercholesterolemia,
 Anti-hypertensive,
 Anti-carcinogenic,
 Analgesic, Anti-pyretic,
 Anti-allergic,
 Immunomodulatory,
 Central Nervous System Depressant,
 Memory Enhancement,
 Anti-asthmatic,
 Anti-tussive,
 Diaphoretic,
 Anti-thyroid,
 Anti-fertility,
 Anti-ulcer,
 Anti-emetic,
 Anti-spasmodic,
 Anti-arthritic,
 Adaptogenic,
 Anti-stress,
 Anti-leukodermal And
 Anti-coagulant Activities.6/12/2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296439/ Tulsi -
Ocimum sanctum: A herb for all reasons Marc Maurice Cohen
48
Therapeutic Activities

49. Hridya – Good for
heart
Charvaka – Chewable
Pitta utkleshaka –
Agravates Pitta
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5. Yavani

50.  Cumin is the dried seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum, a
member of the parsley family.
 The cumin plant grows to 30–50 cm (12–20 in) tall and is
harvested by hand.
 It is an annual herbaceous plant, with a slender, glabrous,
branched stem that is 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tall and has a
diameter of 35cm (1 1⁄4–2 in).
 Each branch has two to three sub-branches. All the branches
attain the same height, so the plant has a uniform canopy. The
stem is coloured grey or dark green.
 The leaves are 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long, pinnate or bipinnate,
with thread-like leaflets. The flowers are small, white or pink,
and borne in umbels.
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Cumin

51. 6/12/2020 51
Scientific classification
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Cuminum
Species: C. cyminum
Binomial name
Cuminum cyminum

52. 6/12/2020 52
Rasa Panchaka
Details S.S A.H. B.P
Synonyms - - Jiraka, Jarana, Ajaji
Kana, Deerghajiraka
Gana Shaka Vatsakadi Haritakyadi
Rasa Katu Katu Katu
Guna Teekshna Laghu, Ruksha Laghu, Ruksha
Veerya Ushna Ushna Ushna
Vipaka Katu - -
Prabhava Gandhadya - -
Doshagnata Pittakara,
Kaphahara
Vatahara
Kaphahara Kaphahara
Karma Ruchya , Agniprada - Deepana, Sangrahi, Medhya,
Garbhashaya, Shuddhikaraka,
Jwaragna, Pachana , Ruchya,
Vrishya , Balya, Chakshushya.
Indication - - Vataroga, Adhmana, Gulma,
Chardhi, Atisara

53. The three noteworthy sorts of cumin
seed in the market vary in seed shading,
amount of oil, and flavor.
 Iranian
 Indian
 Middle Eastern
Cumin is grown from seeds. The seeds
need 2 to 5 °C (36 to 41 °F) for
emergence, an optimum of 20–30 °C
(68–86 °F) is suggested. Cumin is
vulnerable to frost damage, especially
at flowering and early seed formation
stages
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Types and cultivation

54. There are two types of cumin seeds
 There is the common cumin seed (cuminum cyminum),
 And then there is a darker, smaller one called kala jeera
(bunium bulbocastanum) or black cumin.
6/12/2020 54

55.  Cuminaldehyde
 Cymene
 Terpenoids
These are the major volatile components of cumin
oil which is used for a variety of flavors, perfumes,
and essential oil.
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Phytochemicals

56.  ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT: the orally administered seed powder (2 g/kg)
lowered the blood glucose levels in hyperglycaemic rabbits
 ANTICANCER: cancer chemo-preventive potentials of different doses of
a cumin seed-mixed diet were evaluated against benzo(α)pyrene [b(α)p]-
induced tumorigenesis
 The antioxidant activity of cumin was study showed higher antioxidant
activity compared with other oil seeds
 ANTIINFLAMMATORYAND ANALGESIC EFFECTS : in oedema and
cotton-pellet granuloma, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of
cuminum cyminum were prooved
 CENTRAL NERVOUS EFFECT : the effect cuminum cyminum on the
epileptiform activity induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was evaluated
using intracellular technique.
 HYPOLIPIDEMIC and weight reduction effects : the hypocholesterolemic
effect of methanolic extract of cuminum cyminum (mcc) was evaluated in
rats.
6/12/2020 56
Therapeutic Activities

57. 6. Arjaka
Hridya – Good for heart
Charvaka – Chewable
Pitta utkleshaka –
Agravates Pitta
6/12/2020 57
According to
Chakrapani—
Swetha parnasa

58. 6/12/2020 58
Culinary
• White Basil has a delightful rich,
sweet, spicy flavor with overtones
of mint and clove
• It is strong and others are rich and
buttery—good reasons to grow
several.
• Crush or mince the leaves or leave
them whole in salads and
sandwiches.
• fresh Basil pesto is the king of
pasta sauces.
•The perfect partner for ripe
Tomatoes
• Basil is equally delicious paired
with Peppers and Onions.

59. 7. Shigru
6/12/2020 59
According to
Chakrapani--
Shobhanjana
Hridya – Good for heart
Charvaka – Chewable
Pitta utkleshaka –
Agravates Pitta

60.  Shigru (Moringa oleifera) Out of all green leafy vegetables
available, drumstick leaves contains total carotene
(23791.91mcg) and highest beta carotene
(16165.33mcg/100FW).
 In cultivation, it is often cut back annually to 1–2 m (3–6 ft) and
allowed to re-grow so the pods and leaves remain within arm's
reach.
 M. oleifera is a fast-growing, deciduous tree that can reach a
height of 10–12 m (32–40 ft) and trunk diameter of 45 cm
(1.5 ft). The bark has a whitish-grey colour and is surrounded by
thick cork. Young shoots have purplish or greenish-white, hairy
bark. The tree has an open crown of drooping, fragile branches
and the leaves build up feathery foliage of tripinnate leaves.
6/12/2020 60
Moringa

61. 6/12/2020 61
Scientific classification
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Moringaceae
Genus: Moringa
Type species
Moringa oleiferaLam.

62. 6/12/2020 62
Shigru
Acharya Su.sa B.P/Kai.ni
Rasa Madhura, Katu ,
Tikta , Sakshara
Madhura
Guna Picchila Snigdha, Guru
Veerya - Sheetha
- Shweetha
Raktha
Vipaka - -
Prabhava - -
Doshagnata - Vatahara, Pittahara
Karma - Chakshushya,
Bruhmana, Shukrahruth,
Medohara, Krimihara

63. 6/12/2020 63
Gana
Gana
Cha.sa S.S A.H K.Ni Ra.Ni
Swedopaga
Krimighna
Sirovirechanaop
aga
Katuka skanda
Haritaka
Varunadi
Sirovirechana
Shaka
Sirovirechana
opaga
Aushadi Mulaka
di
Ch.Sa.chi 21 Hikka
Shwasa
Shigru patra yusha

64.  Evidence of anti-dyslipidemic property of M. oleifera: Five studies
were identified in the scientific literature: three were conducted
with experimental animals (Ghasi et al., 2000; Chumark et
al., 2008; Jain et al., 2010), two with human subjects
(Kumari, 2010; Nambiar et al., 2010).
 In a controlled study with untreated T2DM patients, William et al.
(1993) examined how M. oleifera addition to a standardized meal,
taken after an overnight fast, affected the 1- and 2-h PPPG, relative
to the standard meal alone or a 75-g oral glucose load. M.
oleifera was compared to bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and
curry leaves (Murraya koenigii).
 The hypoglycemic effect of M. oleifera leaf dietary consumption
over a 40-day period in T2DM patients, 30–60 years of age, not on
anti-hyperglycemic medicatio
6/12/2020 64
Therapeutic Activities
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3290775/

65. 8. Saleya
Hridya – Good for heart
Charvaka – Chewable
Pitta utkleshaka –
Agravates Pitta
6/12/2020 65
According to
Chakrapani--
Chankyamula
famous in deserts
or it is mishteya
popular in pataka
country

66.  Mainly grown in dry
arid areas like Dubai,
Arab, Egypt.
 Early variety with
small, scantly,
leaves,. Root is
globular, red, with a 2
to 4 inch
diameter. Dense flesh.
6/12/2020 66

67. 9. Mrushtaka
Hridya – Good for
heart
Charvaka – Chewable
Pitta utkleshaka –
Agravates Pitta
6/12/2020 67
Rajika – musturd
According to
Chakrapani
—
Rajika

68.  Mustard plant is a plant species in the
family Brassicaceae.
 Mustard seed is used as a spice
 it is an upright plant, with large stalked leaves.
They are covered with hairs or bristles at the
base, but on the stem smoother. It can reach up
to 80–90 cm (31–35 in) tall or even up to
2.4 m (8 ft) in moist fertile soil.
 It blooms in summer.
 The flowers have four yellow petals, which are
twice as long as the sepals.
 Each stem has around four flowers at the top,
forming a ring around the stem, with four
rounded seeds6/12/2020 68
Musturd

69. 6/12/2020 69
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Brassica
Species: B. nigra
Binomial name
Brassica nigra

70.  Saponins (12.82%),
 Alkaloids (20.58%),
 Flavonoids (6.57%),
 Glycosides (20.01%),
 Reducing Sugar
(5.56%),
 Phlobatanins (15.05%)
 Volatile Oil (25.13%)
6/12/2020 70

71.  Anti-cancer activities of Brassica juncea leaves in
vitro: Mustard (Brassica juncea) leaves are
commonly consumed in different Asian and African
countries. the colorectal and lung cancers examined
and prooved for efficacy.
 Antiepileptic and Antioxidant Effect of Brassica
nigra on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Kindling in Mice
: the reductive effect of the brassica nigra extract on
the seizure was resulted from the antioxidant
property of the plant.
6/12/2020 71
Therapeutic Activities

72. Teekshna – Penetrating
Ushna – Ushna
Katu – Pungent
Ruksha – Dry
Kaphavatahara – Pacifies
kapha and vata
6/12/2020 72
10. Gandira
According to
Chakrapani—
• Two kinds -- red
and white
•Red is explained
in haritaka varga
•White in shaka
varga

73. Gandira consists of dried mature
root of Coleus forskohlii Briq. syn.
C. barbatus Benth. (Fam.
Lamiacem), a perennial branched
aromatic herb; found in
subtropical western Himalayas,
Nilgiri hills, Gujarat and Bihar,
and also cultivated in Maharashtra
Vernacular name
 Sanskrit : Gandira (Sthalaja)
 Gujrati : Garmar, Garmal
 Telugu : Jeevakamu
6/12/2020 73
Forskohlin

74. Rasa : Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Ruksa, Sara, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphahara, Vatahara,
Tridosahara, Vranasodhana, Vidahi
INDICATION :
Sula, Sotha, Arsa, Gulma, Kasa, Krmi,
Kustha, Udara, Dusta Vrana, Hutavisa,
Pliiharoga, Mandagni, Mutrabandha,
Malabandha
6/12/2020
Bhavaprakasha nighantu
74

75. Forskolin is also used to treat
 Allergies, Skin disease conditions such as eczema & psoriasis
 Obesity
 Painful menstrual periods
 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
 Urinary tract infection
 In regards to human in vivo studies, they appear to be promising
but limited in numbers and power. One study in overweight women
noted that two doses of 250mg 10% extract reduced weight gain.
 Coleus leaves appear to have acetylcholinesterase inhibiting
properties with an IC50 value of 1.02+/-0.02mg/mL in
vitro[15][6] which appears to survive simulated intestinal tract.
6/12/2020 75

76. 11. Jala pippali
6/12/2020 76
Teekshna – Penetrating
Ushna – Ushna
Katu – Pungent
Ruksha – Dry
Kaphavatahara –
Pacifies kapha and
vata

77.  Rasa : Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipani, Hrdya,
Kaphahara, Pittahara, Rucya,
Visaghna., Mutral, Jvaraghna,
Sukarala, Mukhasodhani,
Caksusya, Sangrahi
 USES – Svasa, Daha, Jvara,
Krimi, Raktadosa, Trusha,
Visarpa, Vrana, Raktaroga,
Bhrama, Murcha, Pittatisara
6/12/2020 77
Bhavaprakasha nighantu

78.  Botanical name: Lippia nodiflora Mich. (Fam. Verbenacem)
 It is a small creeping perennial herb found commonly in sandy
wet, grassy places along bunds of irrigation channels, canal
edges and river banks almost throughout greater part of India
and up to 900 m on the hills.
Vernacular name
 Sanskrit : Jalapippalika, Toyavallari, Saradi, Matsyadani,
Matsyagandha
 Bengali : Bukkana, Kaanchada
 English : Purple Lippi
 Hindi : Jalpipali
 Kannada : Nelahippali
 Malayalam : Nirtippali, Podutalai
6/12/2020 78
Purple lippi

79.  Used in Skin diseases
 Hepato-protective and
Antioxidant potential.
 The methanolic extract
of Lippia nodiflora (MELN)
has Antitumor activity.
 The methanolic extract has
been proved as Anti-diuretic
activity, Anti-inflammatory
activity.
6/12/2020 79

80. 12. Tumburu
Teekshna – Penetrating
Ushna – Ushna
Katu – Pungent
Ruksha – Dry
Kaphavatahara – Pacifies
kapha and vata
6/12/2020 80

81. Tumburu consists of dried fruit
of Zanthoxylum armatum an armed or
erect shrub or small tree, found in the
valleys of the Himalayas at an altitude of
1000 to 2100 m, in Khasi hills at 600 to
1800 rn, and in the Ghats in peninsular
India.
Vernacular name
 Sanskrit : Tejovati, Tejovali, Tejohva
 Assamese : Tejovati
 Hindi : Tejbal, Nepali Dhaniya
 Kannada : Tejapatri, Tumburu, Tejovanti
 Hindi : Tejbal, Nepali Dhaniya
 Kannada : Tejapatri, Tumburu, Tejovanti
6/12/2020 81
Winged Ash tree

82.  Rasa : Katu, Tikta
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Kaphahara, Pacana,
Rucya, Vatahara, Lalapraseka,
Cimcimayanama, Rasana Samsvedaka
 INDICATION – Agnimandya, Arsa,
Hrdroga, Hikka, Kasa, Kantha Roga,
Svasa, Ardita, Kaphaja Roga, Asya Roga,
Danta Roga
6/12/2020 82
Bhavaprakasha nighantu

83.  The seeds and the bark are
used as an aromatic tonic in
the treatment of fevers,
dyspepsia and cholera
 The fruits, branches and
thorns are considered to be
carminative and stomachic
 They are used as a remedy
for toothache
 Toothbrushes are made from
the branches
6/12/2020 83

84. 13. Shrungaveri
Teekshna – Penetrating
Ushna – Ushna
Katu – Pungent
Ruksha – Dry
Kaphavatahara – Pacifies
kapha and vata
6/12/2020 84
According to
Chakrapani—
Gojihvaka
resemble
ardhraka

85. 6/12/2020 85
Scientific name
Onosma bracteatum
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Subfamily: Boraginoideae
Genus: Onosma

86. General information: Sedge is found in
the Mediterranean regions, Europe and
Asia. It is listed in the German
Commission E as a herb that alleviates
pulmonary infections and kidney
disease.
Therapeutic constituents: Sedge
contains potassium, calcium and other
minerals, which give the herb its
pharmacological properties.
Key therapeutic benefits:
 Sedge is beneficial in the treatment of
kidney stones.
 As an expectorant, it alleviates the
symptoms of the common cough and
bronchitis.
6/12/2020 86
Sedge

87. Pumsthwaghna – Destroys
virility
Katu – Pungent
Ruksha – Dry
Ushna – Hot
Vaktrashodhana – Cleanses
the mouth
6/12/2020 87
14. Bhusthrana
According to
Chakrapani—
Gandhatrna

88.  Cymbopogon citratus, better known
as lemongrass, is a tropical island
plants in the grass family
Vernacular name :
 Hindi :aghyaghas,
 Kannada :chaa hullu, gavare chacha,
gouthi hullu, majjige hullu, nimbe
hullu, purhalihulla, purhalihullu,
majjige-hullu
 Malayalam:cennanampullu, chayapul,
 Marathi:gamjan,
6/12/2020 88
Lemon grass

89.  The principal chemical constituents of
citronella, geraniol and citronellol, are
antiseptics, hence their use in
household disinfectants and soaps.
 Besides oil production, citronella grass
is also used for culinary purposes, as a
flavoring.
 Lemongrass oil, used as a pesticide and
preservative, is put on the ancient palm-
leaf manuscripts found in India as a
preservative in the Oriental Research
Institute Mysore.
 t is commonly used in tea, soups,
and curries.
6/12/2020 89

90.  The plant is known to show anxiolytic,
cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory, hypnotic, antifungal,
antibacterial ,antiseptic and
anticonvulsant properties.
 It is used for the treatment of fever,
stomach cramps, flatulence, colic,
arthritis and digestive disorders, asthma,
urinary tract infections and headache.
 It is an excellent remedy oral thrush in
case of HIV and AIDS
6/12/2020 90

91. Rochana – Bestows taste
Sugandha – Sweet taste
Na ati katuka – Not very
pungent
Dosha uttkleshaka –
Aggravates dosha
6/12/2020 91
15. Dhanyaka

92.  Coriandrum sativum, also known as
dhaniya, dhanyaka or coriander.
 This plant grows annually but according to
conditions, can grow in summer or in
winter.
 The plant can grow up to 2 feet and can
spread around up to 9 inches.
 The roots are of pale brown color with tap
root system. The stems of the plants are
sympoidal and have monochasial branches.
 It is widely distributed in Italy, central,
Eastern Europe and Mediterranean areas
like in Egypt and Morocco.
6/12/2020 92
Coriandrum

93.  Sanskrit : Dhanika, Dh¡nya,
Vitunnaka, Kustumburu
Assamese : Dhaniya
 Bengali : Dhane, Dhania
 English : Coriander
 Gujrati : Dhana
 Hindi : Dhaniya
 Kannada : Havija,
Kothambari bija
6/12/2020 93
Vernacular Name

94. 6/12/2020 94

95. 6/12/2020
Bhavaprakasha nighantu
95
Rasa : Madhura, Katu,
Tikta, Kashaya
Guna : Laghu, Snigdha
Virya : Ushna
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Cakshusya, Deepana,
Grahi, Hridya., Pachana,
Tridoshanut, Mutrala
USES - Atisara, Chhardi, Daha,
Jvara, Trishna, Ajirna

96. 6/12/2020 96

97. 6/12/2020 97
16. Karahva
Kaphavata hara –
Mitigates kapha and
vata
Basthirogarujahara – Cure
urinary disease & pain
According to
Chakrapani—
Kharahva
A variety of
short jeeraka

98.  Nigella sativa (black caraway, also known as black
cumin, nigella, and kalonji) is an annual flowering
plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to south and
southwest Asia.
 It grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) tall, with finely
divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. The flowers
are delicate, and usually colored pale blue and white,
with five to ten petals.
 The fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of
three to seven united follicles, each containing
numerous seeds which are used as spice, sometimes as
a replacement for black cumin
6/12/2020 98

99. 6/12/2020 99
Scientific classification
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Nigella
Species: N. sativa
Binomial name
Nigella sativa

100. 6/12/2020 100
Therapeutic Activities

101. 17. Ajagandha
6/12/2020 101
Rochana – Bestows taste
Sugandha – Sweet taste
Na ati katuka – Not very
pungent
Dosha uttkleshaka –
Aggravates dosha
According to
Chakrapani—
Vanayavani

102.  Caraway, also known as meridian fennel, and Persian
cumin(Carum carvi), is a biennial plant in
the family Apiaceae, native to western Asia, Europe, and
North Africa
 The plant is similar in appearance to other members of
the carrot family, with finely divided, feathery leaves with
thread-like divisions, growing on 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in)
stems.
 The main flower stem is 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tall, with small
white or pink flowers in umbels.
 Caraway fruits(erroneously called seeds) are crescent-
shaped achenes, around 2 mm (0.08 in) long, with five pale
ridges.
6/12/2020 102
Caraway/black cumin

103. 6/12/2020 103
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Carum
Species: C. carvi
Binomial name
Carum carvi

104. 6/12/2020 104
Kharahva
Ajaganda
Vanya
Jeeraka
Krishna
Ajaji
Jeeraka
Types
Dhanvanthara nighantu – all four types has mentioned

105. 18. Sumukha
Rochana – Bestows taste
Sugandha – Sweet taste
Na ati katuka – Not very
pungent
Dosha uttkleshaka –
Aggravates dosha
6/12/2020 105
According to
Chakrapani—
A variety of
parnasa with
big leaves

106. 6/12/2020 106
Lemon basil
• The herb is grown primarily in northeastern Africa and
southern Asia for its fragrant lemon scent, and is used in
cooking.
• Lemon basil stems can grow to 20–40 cm (8–20 in)
tall. It has white flowers in late summer to early fall.
• The leaves are similar to basil leaves, but tend to be
narrower with slightly serrated edges.
• Seeds form on the plant after flowering and dry on the
plant.
• Lemon basil is used extensively in soups, stews,curries
and stir-fried dishes

107. 19. Grinjanaka
Grahi – constipating
Teekshna – penetrating
Vatasleshma hara – mitigates vatasleshma
Arshasam hita swedane – in piles it should
be used for sudation
Yojayeth apittinam – should be consumed
by person who are not of pitta
constitution
6/12/2020 107
According to
Chakrapani—
Is like palandu
with less
tubular leaves

108. Properties B.P-shaka varga
Rasa Madhura, tikta
Guna Teekshna
Veerya Ushna
Vipaka -
Beda -
Doshaghnata Kaphavata
Karma Deepana, grahi,
raktapittahara,
arshashara,
grahanihara
Synonyms Gajara
Narangavarnaka
6/12/2020 108
Grinjana

109.  The carrot Daucus carota / sativus) is a biennial
plant in the umbellifer family Apiaceae.
 The roots contain high quantities of alpha- and beta-
carotene, and are a good source of vitamin
K and vitamin B6
 But the belief that eating carrots improves night
vision is a myth put forward by the British in World
War II to mislead the enemy about their military
capabilities.
 Fast-growing cultivars mature within three months (90
days) of sowing the seed, while slower-maturing
cultivars are harvested four months later (120 days).
6/12/2020 109

110.  Lung Cancer Carrots contain beta-carotene. A meta-analysis
published in 2008 found that people with a high intake of a variety
of carotenoids had a 21 percent lower risk of lung cancer, after
adjusting for smoking, compared with those who did not.
 Colorectal Cancer: Consuming more beta-carotene may reduce the
risk of colon cancer, according to researchers who studied 893
people in Japan.
 Leukemia: A 2011 study found that carrot juice extract could
kill leukemia cells and inhibit their progression.
 Blood Pressure : A half-cup serving of chopped carrot contains 1.8
grams (g) of fiber and 205 milligrams (mg) of potassium. Before
the age of 50 years, men need 38 g of fiber a day, and women need
25 g. After this age, women need 21 g per day, and men need 30 g.
6/12/2020 110
Therapeutic Activities

111. Sleshmala – increases kapha
Maruthaghna – mitigates vata
Nacha pittanuth – does not
increases pitta greatly
Aharayogi – useful as at time of
food
Balya – bestows strength
Guru – heavy
Vrushya – aphrodisiac
Rochana – bestow taste
6/12/2020 111
20. Palandu

112. 6/12/2020 112
Properties B.P-shaka varga
Rasa Swadu, katu
Guna Guru
Veerya Anushna
Vipaka Swadu
Beda Shwetha
Raktha
Doshaghnata Kaphakara
Nati pittakara
Vatahara
Karma Balakara
Vrushya
Properties

113.  The onion plant has been grown and selectively bred in
cultivation for at least 7,000 years.
 It is a biennial plant, but is usually grown as an annual.
Modern varieties typically grow to a height of 15 to 45 cm
(6 to 18 in). The inflorescence takes the form of a
globular umbel of white flowers with parts in sixes. The
seeds are glossy black and triangular in cross section.
 In winter, the growing point in the middle of the bulb
begins to develop in the spring. New leaves appear and a
long, stout, hollow stem expands, topped by a bract
protecting a developing inflorescence.
 The average pH of an onion is around 5.5
 Because the wild onion is extinct and ancient records of
using onions span western and eastern Asia, the geographic
origin of the onion is uncertain
6/12/2020 113
Onion

114. Scientific classification
6/12/2020 114
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Allium
Species: A. cepa
Binomial name
Allium cepa

115. 6/12/2020 115
Onions (dried) production in 2016
Country (millions of tonnes)
China 23.8
India 19.4
Egypt 3.1
United States 3.0
Iran 2.3
Turkey 2.1
Russia 2.0
World 93.2
Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organization
Production

116. Common onions are normally available in three
colour varieties.
 Yellow or brown onions (called red in some
European countries), are full-flavoured and are
the onions of choice for everyday use, with
many cultivars bred specifically to demonstrate
this sweetness
 The red onion when its colour livens up the
dish; it is also used in grilling.
 The White onions are the traditional onions.
Spring, Sweet and Shallots are of recent origin of
onion
6/12/2020 116
Types

117. 6/12/2020 117

118.  Cancer: Allium vegetables have been studied extensively in relation to
cancer, especially . Their beneficial and preventive effects are likely due in
part to their rich organo-sulfur compounds.
 Colon cancer: study showed that consuming greater than 7 servings of
onions per week was associated with a decrease in colorectal cancer.
 Prostate cancer: In the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
researchers used a population-based, case-controlled study to investigate
the relationship between allium intake and prostate cancer. It found that
men with the highest intake of allium had the lowest risk of prostate
cancer.
 Esophageal and stomach cancer: Frequent intake of allium vegetables
has been shown to reduce the risk of esophageal and stomach cancer.
Several survey-based human studies have demonstrated the potential
protective effects of consuming alliums, as well as reports of tumor
inhibition of allium compounds in animal experiments.
6/12/2020 118
Therapeutic Activities

119.  Contact Dermatitis
 Intense Itching
 Rhinoconjunctivitis
 Blurred Vision
 Bronchial Asthma
 Sweating, And
 Anaphylaxis
Allergic reactions may not occur when eating cooked
onions, possibly due to the denaturing of the proteins from
cooking
Freshly cut onions often cause a stinging sensation in the
eyes of people nearby, and often uncontrollable tears. This
is caused by the release of a volatile gas, syn-propanethial-
S-oxide, which stimulates nerves in the eye.
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Allergic Reactions due to Onion

120. Rogaghnata
Krimi
Kushta
Kilasa
Gulma
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21. Lashuna
Vata hara – mitigates vata
Snigdha – unctous
Ushna – hot
Guru – heavy
Katuka – pungent
Vrushya – aphrodisiac

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Properties Su.Sa.Su.46 A.H.7 B.P-shaka varga
Rasa Swadu Swadu Moola- katu
Patra- tikta
Kanda- kashaya
Nalagra- lavana
Beeja- swadu
Guna Snigdha, picchila, guru, sara Snigdha, picchila, Snigdha, picchila,
Veerya Ushna Ushna Ushna
Vipaka Swadu Swadu Katu
Doshaghnata Vatakaphahara Vatakaphahara Vatakaphahara
Karma Best among vatahara Bruhmana, vrushya,
rochana, bala, varna
kara, medhya, netrya,
kantya
Hridroga, ajeerna.
Kushta, kukshishool,
vibanda, swasa kasa,
janthu, jwara, bhagna

122.  Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.
 Garlic is native to Central Asia and northeastern Iran, and has long been a
common seasoning worldwide
 Allium sativum grows in the wild in areas where it has become naturalized.
 Throughout history, many different cultures have recognized the potential use
of garlic for prevention and treatment of different diseases.
 In the medieval period, garlic was also played an important role in the
treatment of different diseases.
 Garlic is a bulbous plant; grows up to 1.2 m in height. Garlic is easy to grow
and can be grown in mild climates.
 There are different types or subspecies of garlic, most notably hard-neck
garlic and soft-neck garlic.
 A. sativum called Ophioscorodon, or hard-necked garlic, includes porcelain
garlics, rocambole garlic, and purple stripe garlics.
 A. sativum or soft-necked garlic, includes arti-choke garlic, silver skin garlic,
and creole garlic.
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Garlic

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Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Allium
Species: A. sativum
Binomial name
Allium sativum
Garlic

124. Garlic production, 2016
Country Production(millions of tonnes)
China 21.2
India 1.4
Bangladesh 0.38
European Union 0.3
Egypt 0.28
South Korea 0.28
Russia 0.26
World 26.6
UN Food and Agriculture Organization
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Production

125. English : Garlic
Assamese: naharu
Hindi: Lahsun, Lahsan, Lassan
Kannada: belluli
Malayalam: vellulli
Manipuri: Chanam
Mizo: purun-var, purunvar
Tamil: acanam
Tangkhul: Hanam
Telugu: velluli
Urdu: lehsan
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Vernacular Name

126.  Allicin (allyl 2-
propenethiosulfinate or diallyl
thiosulfinate) is the principal
bioactive compound present in
the aqueous extract of garlic or
raw garlic homogenate.
 When garlic is chopped or
crushed, allinase enzyme is
activated and produce allicin
from alliin (present in intact
garlic).
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Allicin

127. Its effects have been largely attributed to
i) reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
ii) reduction of cancer risk
iii) antioxidant effect
iv) antimicrobial effect and
v) enhancement of detoxification foreign compound and
hepatoprotection
(Colín-González, 2012; Aviello, 2009 ).
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Therapeutic Activies

128.  200 mg of garlic powder was given three times daily, in
addition to hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene baseline
therapy, produced a mean reduction of systolic blood
pressure by 10-11 mmHg and of diastolic blood pressure by
6-8 mmHg versus placebo (Kandziora 1988 )
 Dietary inclusion of garlic powder protects rats against
gentamycin-induced hepatotoxicity, improves antioxidant
status, and modulates oxidative stress (Ademiluyi et al.,
2013)
 In in vivo animal experiments, intravenous administration
of garlic produced slight reductions in both systolic and
diastolic pressures (Sial and Ahmed, 1982)
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Research

129.  Garlic administration in rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia,
induced by a high-cholesterol diet, significantly reduced serum
cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, but there was no effect on serum
HDL (Kamanna and Chandrasekhara, 1982 )
 Preventive effect of garlic on atherosclerosis has been attributed to
its capacity to reduce lipid content in arterial membrane. Allicin, S-
allyl cysteine is the active compounds responsible for anti-
atherosclerotic effect (Gebhardt and Beck, 1996; Yu-Yah and Liu,
2001 ).
 78 patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease were
randomized to receive garlic or a placebo medication. The dose of
garlic was 400 mg oral standardized garlic powder twice daily.
(Jepson et al., 2000 ).
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Research

130.  In 1990, the U.S. National Cancer Institute initiated the Designer Food
Program to determine which foods played an important role in cancer
prevention. They concluded that garlic may be the MOST POTENT
FOOD having cancer preventive properties. (Dahanukar and Thatte, 1997)
 Garlic derivatives have been reported to modulate an increasing number of
molecular mechanisms in carcinogenesis, such as DNA adduct formation,
mutagenesis, scavenging of free radicals, cell proliferation and
differentiation as well as angiogenesis. The growth rate of cancer cells is
reduced by garlic, with cell cycle blockade that occurs in the G2/M phase
(Capasso, 2013 ).
 Metformin and Garlic treatment in diabetic patients for 12 weeks reduced
fasting blood glucose (FBG), but the percentage of change in FBG was
more substantial with metformin supplemented with garlic than with
metformin alone (Kumar et al., 2013 ).
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Research

131. Inhibit the development of chemically induced tumors in
 liver (Kweon et al., 2003)
 colon (Knowles and Milner, 2003),
 prostate (Hsing et al., 2002),
 bladder (Lau et al., 1986)
 mammary gland (Amagase and Milner, 1993)
 esophagus (Wargovich et al., 1988)
 lung (Sparnins et al., 1986)
 skin (Nishino et al., 1989) and
 stomach (Wattenberg et al., 1989)
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Research

132. Historically, it is believed that Louis Pasteur described the antibacterial
effect of garlic in 1858 for the first time, although no reference is
available. More recently, garlic has been proven to be effective against
a plethora of gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria.
 Salmonella,
 Escherichia coli (Adler and Beuchat, 2002 )
 Pseudomonas
 Proteus
 Staphylococcus aureus (Cavallito, 1944 )
 Klebsiella (Jezowa and Rafinski, 1966)
 Micrococcus, Bacillus subtulis (Sharma et al., 1977 )
 Clostridium (De Witt et al., 1979)
 Mycobacterium (Delaha and Garagusi, 1985 ), and
 Helicobacter (O’Gara et al., 2000 ).
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Research

133.  Life is impossible without food. It provides nutrition to the
body to survive but it is not possible to take all the food
articles in their raw form. Many of those cannot be digested
by the human digestive system in raw form so whichever
mentioned in this varga can be taken in raw form without
Doubt.
 Charaka acharya mentioned Haritha and Shaka separately as it
varies in usage form.
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Discussion

134.  One should not eat food for the sake of taste but should eat for
maintaining good health.
 The predominant cause of global morbidity and mortality is
lifestyle-related chronic diseases, many of which can be
addressed through Ayurveda with its focus on healthy lifestyle
practices and regular consumption of adaptogenic herbs
 Even many Research establishes the Efficacy of Haritha varga
dravya & Authentify the classical view points
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Conclusion

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Reference
 Sushrutha samhitha
 Charaka samhitha
 Ashtanga hridaya
 Sharangadhara samhitha
 Bhavaprakasha nighantu
 Sanskrit-english dictionary
 Authentic websites
 Authentic Food journals
 WHO website for Non Communicable disease

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