This document discusses hand tools, fasteners, and hardware. It describes common hand tools used in construction and repair like hammers, saws, wrenches, and chisels. It also covers different types of fasteners including nails, screws, bolts, and washers used to join materials. Key terms are defined like tool, hand tool, power tool, and different fastener parts. Common examples are provided for different tool and fastener categories.

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Unit 7
Hand Tools, Fasteners, and Hardware

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Hand Tools
• Essential for work in design, construction,
maintenance, and repair

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Classification of Tools
- Chisels and punches
- Screwdrivers
- Clamps
- Wrecking tools
- Digging tools
- Layout tools
- Saws
- Boring tools
- Hammers
- Pliers
- Wrenches

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Layout Tools
• Used to measure or mark materials
• Examples
– rules
– square
– level
– chalk line
– tapes
– plumb bob

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Saws
• Used to cut wood or metal
• Examples
– crosscut saw
– ripsaw
– dovetail saw
– hacksaw
– coping saw
– bow saw

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Boring Tools
• Used to make or change the size or shape of
holes
• Examples
– drill bits
– power/hand drills
– countersink

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Hammers
• Rely on their weight and/or speed to move
another tool or object
• Examples
– claw hammers
– sledges
– peen hammers
– mallets

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Pliers
• Used to grip wood, metal, plastic, and other
materials
• Examples
– slip joint pliers
– linesman’s pliers
– locking pliers

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Wrenches
• Used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws
• Examples
– wrenches
– sockets
– ratchets

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Chisels and Punches
• Used to cut or align materials as a result of
being struck by a hammer
• Examples
– cold chisel
– wood chisel
– center punch

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Screwdrivers
• Used to turn screws or other fasteners
• Examples
– flat head screwdriver
– Phillips head screwdriver
– torx screwdrivers
– nut drivers

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Clamps
• Used to draw and hold objects together
• Examples
– C clamp
– bar clamp
– vise

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Wrecking Tools
• Used to take apart existing structures and
materials
• Examples
– pry bar
– wrecking bar

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Digging Tools
• Used to turn, loosen, or remove earth
• Examples
– shovel
– mattock
– hoe/trowel
– rakes
– posthole digger

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Fasteners
• Any device used to hold two or more pieces
of material together or in place
• Examples
– nails
– screws
– nuts and bolts
– washers

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Nails
• Driven into the material to be held
• Classified by use or form
• Length measured by the “penny”
• Generally made of steel or aluminum

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Types of Nails
• Common—construction
• Cut—tongue-and-groove flooring
• Box—light household construction
• Finishing—interior finishing
• Shingle—nailing wood and shingles
• Roofing—rolled roofing and composition shingles
• Plasterboard—attach plasterboard to studs
• Hinge—fasten hinges on doors and cabinets
• Duplex—construction of concrete forms or electric fencing
insulators on wooden posts
• Wire staple—wire fence construction
• Lead head—galvanized steel roofing and siding

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Screws
• Fastener with threads that bite into the
material it fastens
• Classified according to the material to be
held, the metal they are made from, the
shape of the head, or the type of tool needed
to turn them
• Size specified by the diameter and length of
shank

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Bolts
• Fastener used with a threaded nut
• Usually straight with a round, square, or hex
head
• Examples
– machine bolt
– cap screw
– stove bolt
– plow bolt
– carriage bolt

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Important Terms
• Tool: instrument used in doing work
• Hand tool: powered by hand
• Power tool: operated by a power source other
than human power
• Laminate: two or more flat pieces fastened
together with an adhesive
• Adhesive: sticky substance
• Diameter: distance across the center of a round
object
• Shank: long stem part of a nail or screw

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Important Terms (continued)
• Head: enlarged top of a fastener
• Galvanized: coated with zinc
• Washer: flat disk with a hole in the center
• Hardware: special fasteners
• Hinge: pivots and permits a door or other object
to swing back and forth/up and down
• Gussets: used to reinforce joints in wood and
metal
• Flush plates: used to strengthen corners of frames
and doors