2. Halitosis The name : Osama Ahmad Almasry
Academic N : 200911109 Level 7 Group : One
Alfarabi college | Oral Diagnosis II
|Head of department : Dr.Omar Kujan
5. Definition of Halitosis
Bad breath (halitosis) can be embarrassing and may
cause anxiety. It's no wonder store shelves are
overflowing with gum, mints, mouthwashes and
other products designed to combat this condition.
But many of these products are mere temporary
measures.a condition of having fetid breath
Certain foods, health conditions and habits are
among the causes of bad breath. In many cases,
that can improve bad breath with proper dental
hygiene
6. Pathogenesis of Halitosis
It is generally known and agreed that VSC's
)Volatile Sulfur Compounds (
,are responsible for the odor
. and that 80-90% of these come from oral sources
VSC's are produced by bacterial
,and cellular degradation
, and include hydrogen sulphide
. methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide
The nature of the odor may vary in intensity
). strength of the smell) and quality (the type of odor (
7. Causes , Prevalence of Halitosis
Food. The breakdown of food particles in
and around your teeth can cause a foul odor.
Eating foods containing certain oils is another
source of bad breath. Onions and garlic are
the best-known examples, but other
vegetables and spices also can cause bad
. breath
8. Dry mouth. Saliva helps cleanse your
mouth, removing particles that may cause
bad odors. A condition called dry mouth
(xerostomia) can contribute to bad breath
.because production of saliva is decreased
Dental problems. Poor dental
hygiene and periodontal disease can be a
. source of bad breath
9. Diseases. In about 10 percent of bad
breath cases, the bad odors do not come
from the mouth (extra-oral halitosis). For
example, illnesses, such as some cancers
and metabolic disorders, can cause a
distinctive breath odor as a result of
chemicals they produce. Diabetes and kidney
. or liver failure can lead to a fishy smell
10. .Mouth, nose and throat conditions
Tobacco products. Smoking dries out your
mouth and causes its own unpleasant mouth
. odor
11. Risk Factors Associated With Halitosis
Non-disease related Disease related
Oral
• Inadequate oral hygiene • Candidasis
• Long periods of mouth closing
(i.e., morning breath after sleep) • Cancer
• Xerostomia (e.g., dry mouth due to
• Gingivitis
mouth breathing, medication)
• Tongue coatings • Mouth infection, inflammation, ulceration
• Periodontitis
12. Medications can cause bad breath
An unfortunate side effect of a number of medications is halitosis.
.Here are a few medications that are known to cause bad breath
Triamterene - This diuretic, which is used to treat high blood
pressure and edema, lists halitosis as one of its side effects,
Paraldehyde - It treats seizures and may also be used by
healthcare professionals as a sedative,
Disulfiram - Used to treat alcoholism, this drug has a number of
unpleasant side effects, including high blood pressure, restlessness and
halitosis.
Antihistamines –
13. :signs and symptoms of bad breath
You frequently have a bitter taste in your
mouth
A white or yellow coating on your tongue
People seem to avoid direct contact with you
and they step back from you when you are
talking to them
People around you offer mints or chewing
gum
A smelly odor when you open your mouth
14. Diagnosis and classification of
halitosis
Oral Malodor Patient Types
Type I—Those who have it and know it
Type II—Those who have it but deny or do not
know they have it
Type III—Those that do not have it, but think
.they do
15.
16. Some specific pieces of equipment have been
developed to help the dentist diagnose
halitosis. These are known as the halimeter
. and the periotemp
17. Medical History ?
Due to many possible causes of bad breath,
diagnosis of the origin of halitosis is essential
for its treatment. The first step to making a
proper diagnosis is the taking of a complete
medical history. Some of the questions you
: may ask are
18. ?
?When is the last time you visited the dentist
What are your oral hygiene habits? a) Brush
daily b) Brush & floss daily c)Brush, floss,
and rinse daily
Do you use an over-the-counter mouth rinse
?regularly? a)Yes? What brand? b) No
19. When you sleep do you breathe through your
?mouth
? ?Are you taking any medication
?Are you on a special diet
?Do you smoke
20. Treating halitosis
There is no one treatment for halitosis. The treatment
will depend on what is causing the problem
* Raise the problem with patients directly
* Dental expertise required
professional dental cleaning *
21. Treating halitosis
* restoration of fillings
*cleaning of dental prostheses
*examination of prosthetics
* Daily oral hygiene measures
* tongue cleaning for mechanical removal of tongue
coatings
23. Halitosis Drugs
List of drugs used to treat the medical condition called Halitosis
Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine is a chemical antiseptic, prescribed for gingivitis, cleansing skin and
wound areas
Cimetidine
Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, prescribed for heartburn and peptic
ulcers. ...
Ranitidine
Ranitidine is an antacid, antireflux agent & antiulcerant, prescribed for peptic ulcer. ..
. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC): It is used in most lozenges, mouthwashes,
toothpastes, breath sprays, throat sprays, and nasal sprays. It is a chemical
antiseptic and acts mostly by the bactericidal mode of action i.e. it kills the bacteria.
Chlorine dioxide: It is used as a disinfectant and oxidizer and is very effective in
killing pathogenic microbes like fungi
24. Halitophobia ” delusion halitosis
One quarter of the patients seeking professional
advice on bad breath suffer from a highly
exaggerated concern of having bad breath, known
as halitophobia, delusional halitosis, or as a
manifestation of Olfactory Reference Syndrome.
These patients are sure that they have bad breath,
although many have not asked anyone for an
objective opinion. Halitophobia may severely affect
the lives of some 0.5–1.0% of the adult population
