The document discusses WHO's new European policy for health called Health 2020. It aims to improve health and reduce health inequalities across Europe by tackling major health challenges like noncommunicable diseases, strengthening health systems, and creating supportive environments. The policy focuses on four priorities: improving leadership on health, investing in health across one's lifetime, addressing major diseases, and building resilient communities. It also discusses the impact of the economic crisis on health systems and policies to promote universal healthcare coverage and public health interventions.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe (Positioning the Veneto Region at the core of global and European health policies, 3-4 December 2015, Scuola San Giovanni Evangelista, Venice, Italy)
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting on Interdepartmental Plan for Public Health of Catalonia (PINSAP) Strategy and Programme, held in Barcelona, Spain on 14 February 2014.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Advanced Training and Conference on Health Economics (24 June 2015, Budapest, Hungary)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe (Positioning the Veneto Region at the core of global and European health policies, 3-4 December 2015, Scuola San Giovanni Evangelista, Venice, Italy)
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting on Interdepartmental Plan for Public Health of Catalonia (PINSAP) Strategy and Programme, held in Barcelona, Spain on 14 February 2014.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Advanced Training and Conference on Health Economics (24 June 2015, Budapest, Hungary)
This presentation is part of the report presented by the WHO Regional Director Zsuzsanna Jakab at the 63rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in Çeşme Izmir, Turkey, on 16 September 2013.
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting "Health in Action reforming the Greek National Health System to Improve Citizens’ Health", on 5 March 2014, Athens, Greece.
Presented by Pamela Rendi-Wagner, Director General for Public Health, Austrian Ministry of Health, at the WHO European Ministerial Conference on Nutrition and Noncommunicable Diseases in the Context of Health 2020 on 4 July 2013, in Vienna, Austria.
Disclaimer: WHO is not responsible for the content of presentations made by external speakers at its meetings and conferences. This presentation is published here with the speaker's consent, only for information purpose.
presented by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe on 18 November 2014 at Ministerial Meeting in Skopje, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Performance budgeting in health - Svetlana Batare, LatviaOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Svetlana Batare, Latvia, at the 3rd Health Systems Joint Network meeting for Central, Eastern and South-eastern European Countries held in Vilnius, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the School of Public Health Management (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, 24 November 2016)
This publication provides information on the use of price policies to promote healthy diets and explores policy developments from around the WHO European
Region. It examines the economic theory underpinning the use of subsidies and taxation and explores the currently available evidence. The publication includes
several case studies from WHO European Member States where price policies have been introduced. It concludes with some observations about the design of
more effective price policies.
Contemporary health policy context in Europe: some opportunities and challenges
Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe. 8 March 2017, Israel
The Italian Healthcare System. Time for a check-uptelosaes
The Pact for Health, signed between the State and Regions, is the key document for health planning and management in Italy. The current two-year Pact for Health 2014-2016 establishes several priorities, including: updated basic health benefits (BHB); revision of the NHS Range of Fees; reorganisation and rationalisation of the hospital network; rationalisation of purchases; creation of a Health Technology Assessment model for drugs and medical devices
This presentation was made by Bert Brys, OECD, at the 3rd Health Systems Joint Network meeting for Central, Eastern and South-eastern European Countries held in Vilnius, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Presentation by WHO Regional Director for Europe, Ms Zsuzsanna Jakab, to the 62nd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe, on 10 September 2012.
Presentation delivered by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Meeting of the European Environment and Health Ministerial Board (24 February 2015, Madrid, Spain)
This presentation is part of the report presented by the WHO Regional Director Zsuzsanna Jakab at the 63rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in Çeşme Izmir, Turkey, on 16 September 2013.
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting "Health in Action reforming the Greek National Health System to Improve Citizens’ Health", on 5 March 2014, Athens, Greece.
Presented by Pamela Rendi-Wagner, Director General for Public Health, Austrian Ministry of Health, at the WHO European Ministerial Conference on Nutrition and Noncommunicable Diseases in the Context of Health 2020 on 4 July 2013, in Vienna, Austria.
Disclaimer: WHO is not responsible for the content of presentations made by external speakers at its meetings and conferences. This presentation is published here with the speaker's consent, only for information purpose.
presented by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe on 18 November 2014 at Ministerial Meeting in Skopje, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Performance budgeting in health - Svetlana Batare, LatviaOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Svetlana Batare, Latvia, at the 3rd Health Systems Joint Network meeting for Central, Eastern and South-eastern European Countries held in Vilnius, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the School of Public Health Management (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, 24 November 2016)
This publication provides information on the use of price policies to promote healthy diets and explores policy developments from around the WHO European
Region. It examines the economic theory underpinning the use of subsidies and taxation and explores the currently available evidence. The publication includes
several case studies from WHO European Member States where price policies have been introduced. It concludes with some observations about the design of
more effective price policies.
Contemporary health policy context in Europe: some opportunities and challenges
Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe. 8 March 2017, Israel
The Italian Healthcare System. Time for a check-uptelosaes
The Pact for Health, signed between the State and Regions, is the key document for health planning and management in Italy. The current two-year Pact for Health 2014-2016 establishes several priorities, including: updated basic health benefits (BHB); revision of the NHS Range of Fees; reorganisation and rationalisation of the hospital network; rationalisation of purchases; creation of a Health Technology Assessment model for drugs and medical devices
This presentation was made by Bert Brys, OECD, at the 3rd Health Systems Joint Network meeting for Central, Eastern and South-eastern European Countries held in Vilnius, Lithuania, on 25-26 April 2019
Presentation by WHO Regional Director for Europe, Ms Zsuzsanna Jakab, to the 62nd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe, on 10 September 2012.
Presentation delivered by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Meeting of the European Environment and Health Ministerial Board (24 February 2015, Madrid, Spain)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, Regional Director WHO Europe, at the international health forum (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 21-22 July 2015)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 7th Meeting of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research (Copenhagen, Denmark, 6 April 2016)
Fast-track the end of AIDS in the EU - practical evidence-based interventions.
Presentation by: John F. Ryan, Director, European Commission, DG SANTE
In a two-day meeting under the auspices of the Maltese Presidency of the Council of the European Union (30-31 January 2017), HIV experts from across the European Union discussed how to reverse this trend and how to prepare Europe to achieve the set target of ending AIDS by 2030.
Presentation delivered by Claudia Stein, Director, Division of Information, Evidence, Research and Innovation, on 15 September 2015, at the 65th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe (Vilnius, Lithuania, 14–17 September 2015)
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting "Health in Action reforming the Greek National Health System to Improve Citizens’ Health", on 5 March 2014, Athens, Greece.
Reported measles cases for the period November 2020—October 2021 (data as of 02 December 2021).A monthly summary of the epidemiological data on selected vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO European Region
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
1. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Montenegro
Zsuzsanna Jakab
WHO Regional Director for Europe
Health 2020:
a new European policy
for health
2. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Health – a precious global good
• Higher on the political and social agenda of
countries and internationally
• Important global economic and security issue
• Major investment sector for human, economic
and social development
• Major economic sector in its own right
• Matter of human rights and social justice
3. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Why Health 2020?
Significant improvements in health
and well-being but … uneven and
unequal progress
Europe’s changing health
landscape: new
demands, challenges and
opportunities
Economic opportunities and
threats: the need to champion
public health values and
approaches
4. WHO Regional Office for Europe
CIS: Commonwealth of
Independent States
EU12: countries
belonging to the
European Union (EU)
after May 2004
EU15: countries
belonging to the EU
before May 2004
Source: European
Health for All database.
Copenhagen, WHO
Regional Office for
Europe, 2010.
Improved life expectancy but the European
Region is scarred by inequalities
5. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Life expectancy at birth and at 65 years in Montenegro
and European regions, 2000–2011
6. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Infant and maternal mortality in Montenegro
and European regions 2000–2011
7. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Indicator
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460
Premature diseases of circulatory
system
SDR, malignant neoplasms, 0-64, per
100000
SDR, external cause injury and poison,
0-64 per 100000
SDR, diseases of the digestive system,
0-64 per 100000
SDR, diseases of the respiratory
system, 0-64 per 100000
SDR, infectious and parasitic disease,
0-64 per 100000
SDR, 0-64 per 100000, by broad causes of death
Premature mortality from broad groups of causes of death in Montenegro
and European regions, 2009–2010
Additional life expectancy gains are possible if
efforts focus on the main risk factors, such as
tobacco, alcohol, obesity and high blood pressure.
SDR: standardized
death rate.
8. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Tobacco smoking and lung cancer in Montenegro
and European regions, 2000–2011
9. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Key health expenditures in Montenegro and European regions,
2000–2011
10. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Working to improve health
for all and reducing
the health divide
Improving leadership, and
participatory governance
for health
Investing in health through
a life-course approach and
empowering people
Tackling Europe’s major
health challenges:
noncommunicable diseases
(NCDs) and communicable
diseases
Strengthening people-
centred health systems,
public health capacities and
emergency
preparedness, surveillance
and response
Creating resilient
communities and
supportive environments
Health 2020: four common policy priorities for health
Health 2020: strategic objectives
11. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Health systems’ responses to economic
crisis in Europe
12. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Health systems in times of global economic
crisis: an update, 17–18 April, Oslo, Norway
Aligned health workforceAligned health workforce
Financial ProtectionObjectives
• To review the impact of the economic crisis
on health and health systems in the Region
• To draw policy lessons around three themes:
maintaining and reinforcing equity, solidarity
and universal coverage; coping mechanisms,
with a focus on improving efficiency
improving health system preparedness and
resilience
• To identify policy recommendations for
consideration by countries and possible
future political commitments
13. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Some positive responses of countries
in challenging circumstances
• Introduction of needed reforms
• Immediate efficiency gains – lower drug prices
• Other efficiency gains – identifying and
prioritizing cost-effective services
• Efforts to protect people from financial hardship
14. WHO Regional Office for Europe
But also negative implications for health
systems’ performance
• Countries that reduced population
coverage often targeted vulnerable people
(poorer people, migrants)
• Over 25 countries increased user charges
for essential services
• Some cuts had unintended consequences
15. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Principles of universal health coverage
Ensure that people have equal access to high-quality
health services and financial protection:
• coverage with health services (promotion,
prevention, treatment and rehabilitation
• coverage with financial risk protection
Potential indicators, focusing on coverage and protection:
1. increased coverage of essential services
2. increased equity and financial protection
3. strengthening health systems
16. WHO Regional Office for Europe
The Tallinn Charter: health Systems for
Health and Wealth and the Declaration of
Alma-Ata: two key anniversaries
Tallinn: 2008 and 2013
(governance)
Almaty: 1978 and 2013
(primary health care)
17. WHO Regional Office for Europe
The Tallinn meeting: basis of WHO’s
work to strengthen health systems
Supporting Member States in keeping or moving towards universal
health coverage (guided by the mission and vision of Health 2020)
• Transforming financing arrangements to overcome sustainability
concerns
• Positioning primary health care as the hub for other levels of care
• Ensuring coordination across primary health care and public
health services
• Revitalizing a flexible, multiskilled workforce with aligned task
profiles
• Strategizing the use of modern technology and medicines for
maximum benefits
18. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Transforming service delivery, addressing
NCDs, investing in prevention
19. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Using fiscal policy to improve health
outcomes
Tobacco
A 10% price increase in taxes
could result in up to 1.8 million
fewer premature deaths at a
cost of US$ 3–78 per DALY in
eastern European and central
Asian countries
Alcohol
In England, benefits close to
€600 million in reduced health
and welfare costs and reduced
labour and productivity
losses, at an implementation
cost of less than €0.10 per
capita
Source: McDaid D, Sassi F, Merkur S, eds. The economic case for public health action. Maidenhead: Open University Press (in press).
DALY: disability-
adjusted life-year.
20. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Case for investing in public health: estimated
expenditure on prevention and public health
NIS: newly
independent
states
SEE: south-
eastern
Europe
%oftotalhealthexpenditure
21. WHO Regional Office for Europe
WHO’s cost-effective public health
interventions
• Reducing tobacco use
• Taxes, tobacco-free environments, health
warnings, advertising bans
• Reducing harmful alcohol use
• Taxes, health warnings, advertising bans
• Improving diet and physical activity
• Reducing salt intake and salt content, reducing trans
fats, promoting public awareness
22. WHO Regional Office for Europe
The cost of health inequities to
health services, lost productivity
and lost government revenue is so
high that no society can afford
inaction.
Tackling inequities in SDH brings
other improvements in societal well-
being, such as greater social
cohesion, greater efforts for climate
change mitigation and better
education.
Reaching higher and broader – acting on the
social determinants of health (SDH)
23. WHO Regional Office for Europe
New governance for health
• Strategic role of the health ministry
– Alignment of governance, regulatory capacity
and legal instruments
– Organizational and management changes
• Involvement of stakeholders
• Empowerment of people
24. WHO Regional Office for Europe
The SEE 2020 strategy:
improving health for inclusive growth
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVE
Pillar target: increase overall
employment rate of the
population aged 15+ years from
39.5% to 44.4%
25. WHO Regional Office for Europe
WHO Regional Office for Europe gearing up
for Health 2020 implementation
26. WHO Regional Office for Europe
Health 2020 lays the foundation for a
healthier European Region
“So many factors affect health, and health has an impact on so many areas of our lives
that progress on public health can only come from whole-of-society and whole-of-
government efforts.
That is why there is a role for everyone to play in implementing Health 2020, from
prime ministers, to civil society, to citizens.”
– Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe
The goal of Health 2020 is:“To improve health and well-being of populations, to reduce health inequities and to ensure sustainable people-centred health systems with further strengthened public health capacities”. The The two main strategic objectives are: Working to improve health for all and reducing the health divideImproving leadership, and participatorygovernanceforhealth There are 4 main priority areas: following the life-course approach and empowering people to invest in their health;responding to the non-communicable disease epidemic but also to address the remaining communicable disease challenges; strengthening people-centred health systems, public health capacities and emergency preparedness, surveillance and response; and creating resilient communities and supportive environments. To be effective in improving health today we need coherent actions across all 4 of these priorities. Getting right ‘mix’ of policies and strategies and sustainable health systems is crucial. But also getting the right values into our policies and systems is equally crucial. This is why Health 2020 is built on the values: Health as a fundamental human rightSolidarity, fairness and sustainability