Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting on Interdepartmental Plan for Public Health of Catalonia (PINSAP) Strategy and Programme, held in Barcelona, Spain on 14 February 2014.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 7th Meeting of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research (Copenhagen, Denmark, 6 April 2016)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, Regional Director WHO Europe, at the international health forum (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 21-22 July 2015)
Presentation delivered by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Meeting of the European Environment and Health Ministerial Board (24 February 2015, Madrid, Spain)
This presentation is part of the report presented by the WHO Regional Director Zsuzsanna Jakab at the 63rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in Çeşme Izmir, Turkey, on 16 September 2013.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the 7th Meeting of the European Advisory Committee on Health Research (Copenhagen, Denmark, 6 April 2016)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, Regional Director WHO Europe, at the international health forum (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 21-22 July 2015)
Presentation delivered by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Meeting of the European Environment and Health Ministerial Board (24 February 2015, Madrid, Spain)
This presentation is part of the report presented by the WHO Regional Director Zsuzsanna Jakab at the 63rd session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe in Çeşme Izmir, Turkey, on 16 September 2013.
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Advanced Training and Conference on Health Economics (24 June 2015, Budapest, Hungary)
Contemporary health policy context in Europe: some opportunities and challenges
Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe. 8 March 2017, Israel
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting "Health in Action reforming the Greek National Health System to Improve Citizens’ Health", on 5 March 2014, Athens, Greece.
A quoi sert la recherche sur les politiques et les systèmes de santé? Point d...valéry ridde
Par Denis Porignon.
Plénière d'ouverture du Colloque Post-Vancouver 2016, sur la recherche francophone sur les politiques et systèmes de santé dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu, organisé par la Chaire REALISME, à l’IRSPUM, Montréal, le 21 novembre 2016.
NCDs in the Context of the SDGs - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Douglass Bettcher, Director, Prevention of NCDs, WHO.)
Presentation delivered by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the Advanced Training and Conference on Health Economics (24 June 2015, Budapest, Hungary)
Contemporary health policy context in Europe: some opportunities and challenges
Presentation by Dr Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe. 8 March 2017, Israel
Presentation made by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe, at the meeting "Health in Action reforming the Greek National Health System to Improve Citizens’ Health", on 5 March 2014, Athens, Greece.
A quoi sert la recherche sur les politiques et les systèmes de santé? Point d...valéry ridde
Par Denis Porignon.
Plénière d'ouverture du Colloque Post-Vancouver 2016, sur la recherche francophone sur les politiques et systèmes de santé dans les pays à faible et moyen revenu, organisé par la Chaire REALISME, à l’IRSPUM, Montréal, le 21 novembre 2016.
NCDs in the Context of the SDGs - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Douglass Bettcher, Director, Prevention of NCDs, WHO.)
presented by Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe on 18 November 2014 at Ministerial Meeting in Skopje, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
This publication provides information on the use of price policies to promote healthy diets and explores policy developments from around the WHO European
Region. It examines the economic theory underpinning the use of subsidies and taxation and explores the currently available evidence. The publication includes
several case studies from WHO European Member States where price policies have been introduced. It concludes with some observations about the design of
more effective price policies.
Non-Communicable Diseases: Malaysia in Global Public HealthFeisul Mustapha
Paper presented at a CME Session, held in conjunction with the NIH Research Week 2014, 26 November 2014 at the Institute for Health Management, Bangsar
Reported measles cases for the period November 2020—October 2021 (data as of 02 December 2021).A monthly summary of the epidemiological data on selected vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO European Region
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Better health
for Europe
Zsuzsanna Jakab
WHO Regional Director for Europe
Interdepartmental Plan for Public Health of Catalonia (PINSAP)
Strategy and Programme
14 February 2014, Barcelona, Spain
2. WHO definition of health
“Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.”
– WHO Constitution
3. Health – a precious global good
• Higher on countries’ and the international
political and social agenda
• A human right and matter of social justice
• Important global economic, trade and
security issue
• Major investment sector for human,
economic and social development
• Major economic sector in its own right
4. WHO European Region: improved life
expectancy but scarred by inequalities
CIS: Commonwealth of
Independent States
EU12: countries
belonging to the
European Union (EU)
after May 2004
EU15: countries
belonging to the EU
before May 2004
Source: European
Health for All database.
Copenhagen, WHO
Regional Office for
Europe, 2010.
5. What is Health 2020?
Health 2020 is a value-based
action-oriented policy
framework, adaptable to
different realities in the countries
in the WHO European Region.
Health 2020 is addressed to
ministries of health but also aims
to engage ministers and policymakers across government and
stakeholders throughout society
who can contribute to health and
well-being.
6. Health 2020 – reaching higher
and wider
• Going upstream to address root causes such as
social determinants
• Making the case for whole-of-government and
whole-of-society approaches, and considering
health in all policies (HiAP)
• Investing in public health, primary care, health
protection and promotion, and disease prevention
• Offering a framework for integrated and coherent
interventions
7. Health 2020: two strategic objectives
Working to improve health
for all and reducing
the health divide
Improving leadership, and
participatory governance
for health
Health 2020: four common policy priorities for health
Investing in health
through a lifecourse approach
and empowering
people
Tackling Europe’s
major health
challenges:
noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs)
and communicable
diseases
Strengthening
people-centred
health systems,
public health
capacities and
emergency
preparedness,
surveillance and
response
Creating resilient
communities and
supportive
environments
8. WHO European review of social determinants and the
health divide:* key findings and recommendations to
improve equity in health
Policy goals
• Improve overall health of the population
• Accelerate rate of improvement for those with worst
health
Policy approaches
• Take a life-course approach to health equity.
• Address the intergenerational processes that
sustain inequities
• Address the structural and mediating factors of exclusion
• Build the resilience, capabilities and strength of individuals and
communities
* The study was carried out by a consortium of over 80 policy researchers and
institutions across Europe (2012), and led by Sir Michael Marmot, United Kingdom.
9. Four areas for action to address health
inequalities – emphasizing priorities
10. Improving governance for
health
Supporting whole-ofgovernment and whole-ofsociety approaches
Learning from a wealth of
experience with
intersectoral action and
HiAP work in Europe and
beyond
Two studies on governance for health led by Professor Ilona Kickbusch (2011, 2012)
Intersectoral governance for HiAP, by Professor David McQueen et al.
13. Economic case for health promotion
and disease prevention
Cardiovascular
diseases (CVD)
€169 billion annually in the EU, health
care accounting for 62% of costs
Alcohol-related
harm
Obesity-related
illness (including
€125 billion annually in the EU, equivalent
to 1.3% of gross domestic product (GDP)
diabetes and CVD)
Over 1% GDP in the United States, 1–3%
of health expenditure in most countries
Cancer
6.5% of all health care expenditure in
Europe
Road-traffic
injuries
Up to 2% of GDP in middle- and highincome countries
Sources: data from Leal et al. (Eur Heart J. 2006;27(13):1610–1619 (http://www.herc.ox.ac.uk/pubs/bibliography/Leal2006)),
Alcohol-related harm in Europe – Key data (Brussels: European Commission Directorate-General for Health and Consumer Protection ; 2006
(http://ec.europa.eu/health/archive/ph_determinants/life_style/alcohol/documents/alcohol_factsheet_en.pdf)),
Sassi (Obesity and the economics of prevention – Fit not fat. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2010) and Stark (EJHP Practice.
2006;12(2):53–56 (http://www.google.co.uk/url?q=http://www.eahp.eu/content/download/25013/162991/file/SpecialReport53-56.pdfandsa=Uandei=BNI4TK7JoKL0QGXs6HFAgandved=0CBwQFjAFandusg=AFQjCNHS922oF8d0RLN5C14ddpMVeRn8BA).
14. Cost-effective policies using fiscal policy to
improve health outcomes
Tobacco
A 10% price increase in taxes
could result in up to 1.8 million
fewer premature deaths at a cost
of US$ 3–78 per disabilityadjusted life-year (DALY) in
eastern European and central
Asian countries
Alcohol
In England, benefits close to
€600 million in reduced health
and welfare costs and reduced
labour and productivity losses,
at an implementation cost of
less than €0.10 per capita
Source: McDaid D, Sassi F, Merkur S, editors. The economic case for
public health action. Maidenhead: Open University Press (in press).
15. Fiscal policies: incentives and disincentives
Fiscal policies can be used:
– to encourage positive behaviour (e.g. healthy eating)
– to discourage negative behaviour (e.g. smoking)
– or a combination of both
Hungary
2011 earmarked tax on
sugary drinks,
confectionery, and
sugary/salty snacks:
early results show
product reformulation and
reduced consumption
Denmark
Modelling shows reducing
tax on vegetables and fruit
by 25% and increasing tax
on foods high in fats and
sugars by 33% is most
effective scenario for
people on low incomes
Scotland
Minimum unit price for
Alcohol (not a tax but a
minimum price per unit
of alcohol, to prevent
discounting or abuse of
cheaper types of
alcohol)
16. Fiscal policies: a tool to reduce inequities
Low-income groups
Greatest health
need
Most responsive to
price increases
Quickest and most
likely to reduce
consumption
Quickest and greatest
health benefit from
price increase
High-income groups
Less responsive to
price increases
Slower and less likely to
reduce consumption
after price rises
Slower to see health
benefit from policy
Greater financial
burden of price
increase
17. NCD action plan 2012–2016
Planning and
oversight
Healthy
settings
Secondary
prevention
Workplaces and
schools
Cardio-metabolic
risk assessment
and
management
Active mobility
HiAP
Early detection
of cancer
Fiscal policies
National plan
Marketing
Health
information
system with
social
determinants
disaggregation
Salt
Trans fats
18. Intersectoral action: elements for
success
High-level commitment
and champions
Dedicated resources
Institutional structures
Joint planning
Legislative tools
Accountability
Monitoring and reporting
• Mayors, prime ministers, celebrities
• Taxation, private sector
• Coordination function needs resourcing
• Health promotion agencies, advisory task forces,
local government
• Do not discount informal relationships and power
of community
• Quality of the planning can be more important
than the plan
• Trans fats, setting up structures for health
promotion
• Identity of accountable party/parties needs to be
clear (shared or not, health or non-health sector)
• Targets focus action
• Results are important for advocacy
19. Global best practice in tobacco control:
Turkey
First country to fully
implement WHO MPOWER
strategy
Taxation
Smoke-free environments
Warnings of dangers of tobacco
Pictorial pack warnings
Bans on advertising, promotion
and sponsorship
Free 24/7 quitline and subsidized
NRT
NRT: nicotine
replacement
therapy
FCTC: Framework
Convention on
Tobacco Control
Success factors
High-level commitment
from Prime Minister and
health minister
Legislation and
coordination structure
Public concern
(mobilized)
Taxation
Sustained effort
(10 years)
Supported by WHO
FCTC framework
20. Food and nutrition plan: Slovenia
Drivers
• EU accession adoption of
Common Agricultural Policy
• Health ministry devising new
food and nutrition plan to align
with WHO European plan
• Growing concern about health
gap in rural regions
• Multisectoral HiAP approach
(including community) to
investigate health concerns in
agriculture and food
• Look at broader determinants
of health, including impact on
rural unemployment,
environmental impacts of
farm intensification
• Unintended benefits: farmers
advocating healthy
agricultural policy in the
media
21. Fiscal policy to address obesity:
Hungary
• Tax on prepackaged products with
high sugar and salt content
• Revenue raised and earmarked for
public health activities
• 25–35% of the population consumed
fewer products subject to the tax
• 40% of manufacturers changed the
formulation of their products
23. Tallinn meeting: basis of WHO’s work to
strengthen health systems
Supporting Member States in keeping or moving towards universal
health coverage (UHC), guided by the mission and vision of Health
2020
• Transforming financing arrangements to overcome sustainability
concerns
• Positioning primary health care as the hub for other levels of care
• Ensuring coordination across primary health care and public health
services
• Revitalizing a flexible, multiskilled workforce with aligned task profiles
• Strategizing the use of modern technology and medicines for
maximum benefits
24. The Tallinn Charter and the Declaration of
Alma-Ata: two key anniversaries
Tallinn: 2008 and 2013
governance
Alma-Ata: 1978 and 2013
primary health care
25. Compelling challenges call for the
transformation of primary health care
• The future shape of the NCD epidemic is
characterized by multiple and interacting risk
factors and multimorbidity
• Most health systems are not designed to cope
with these
• There is a “response gap”
Source: Atun R, Jaffar S, Nishtar S, Knaul FM, Barreto ML, Nyirenda M et al . Improving responsiveness of health systems
to NCDs. Lancet. 2013;381(9867):690-7 (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60063X/fulltext).
26. How far does the present economic
climate make things more difficult
for Member States?
26
27. Additional layer of complexity from austerity:
lessons learned from past and present crises
• Associated with a doubling of the risk of illness
and 60% less likelihood of recovery from disease*
• Strong correlation with increased alcohol
poisoning, liver cirrhosis, ulcers, mental
disorders**
Unemployment
• Increase of suicide incidence: 17% in Greece and
Latvia, 13% in Ireland***
• More demand on health care – for the
vulnerable
• Active labour market policies and well-targeted
social protection expenditure can eliminate most
of these adverse effects****
Sources: * Kaplan, G (2012). Social Science and Medicine, 74: 643–64
** Suhrcke M, Stuckler D (2012). Social Science and Medicine, 74:647–53.
*** Stuckler D et al. (2011). Lancet, 378:124–5.
**** Stuckler D et al. (2009) . Lancet, 374:315–23.
29. Oslo meeting on impact of economic crisis:
10 policy lessons and messages
1. Be consistent
with long-term
health system
goals
2. Factor health
impact into fiscal
policy
4. Target
efficiency gains
over patient
charges
3. Safety nets can
mitigate many
negative health
effects
5. Protect funding
for cost-effective
public health
services
30. Oslo meeting on impact of economic crisis:
10 policy lessons and messages
6. Avoid prolonged
and excessive cuts
in health budgets
7. Highperforming health
systems may be
more resilient
9. Safeguarding access
requires reliable
information and
monitoring system
8. Structural
reforms require
time to deliver
savings
10. Prepared, resilient
health systems are
primarily the result of
good governance
31. Health 2020 lays the foundation for a
healthier European Region
“So many factors affect health, and health has an impact on so many areas of our
lives that progress on public health can only come from whole-of-society and
whole-of-government efforts.
That is why there is a role for everyone to play in implementing Health 2020, from
prime ministers, to civil society, to citizens.”
– Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe