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2. More infants double weight by 6 months of age

3. Triple by 1 year.

4. Height increase at 1 year by 50%

5. Head circumference increases due to rapid brain growth

6. Body proportion changes to amore typically infant appearance. Mandible becomes prominent and remain throughout life.

7. Chest is less than the size of the head at birth by about 2 cm.

8. Even with the head at 6 months and in most 12 months.

9. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae curves develop as infants hold up their head, sit, and walk.

10. Lengtening of the lower extremities during the last 6 months of infancy readies the child for walking and often changes as

12. 1 in 2000 may be born with natal teeth

13. Or have erupt at first 4 weeks of life called neonatal teeth.

15. Keeps hand fisted: able to follow object to midline- fine

17. Has social smile- fine

18. Makes cooing sounds- socialization and language

20. Follows object past midline- fine

21. Socialization and language- Laughs out loud

22. Spends time looking at hands or uses them as toy

25. No longer head lag

26. Bears Partial weight when upright

28. Moro reflex fading- motor

29. Uses palmar grasp- fine

30. May say vowel (oh-oh)-socialization and language

32. Sits unsteadily or with support- motor

33. Transfers objects hand to hand- fine

34. Shows beginning fear of strangers- socialization and play

36. Socialization and language- Has peak fear of strangers ( ability to tell known from unknown people)

38. Socialization and language- Says first word ( da- da)

40. Uses pincer grasp- socialization and language

43. They are only second to acute infections as a cause of morbidity

45. Educate the parents of the infant not to prop the bottles

46. Educate the parents to secure that the infant will not even reach a small object to be put into the mouth

49. Do not be distracted while driving

51. Do not use pillows in the crib

52. Store unused appliances with the doors removed

54. Never take medications in front of a child

55. Place all medications in a secure cabinets

56. Never leave the medications on a pocket or handbag

58. Do not smoke or drink hot liquids while holding the infant

59. Buy flame or retardant clothing

60. Use sunscreen on a child over6 months when out in direct or indirect sunlight

61. Turn handles of pans toward back of the stove

62. Monitor infants carefully near candles

63. Donot allow infants to blow matches

64. Keep electric wires out of reach

65. Toddler- great strides developmentally but growth are slow

66. Speaks in two word sentences

67. 20 deciduous teeth present at 2.5 years

68. Chest circumference becomes bigger than the head circumference at 2 years

69. Heart ate 90- 110 bpm

70. “ pouchy” abdomen from weak abdominal muscles

71. Noticeable lordosis

72. “ baby fat” begins to disappear

73. Wide based gait

74. 15months

75. Puts a small pellets into small bottles- fine

76. Scribbles voluntarily with a pencil or a crayon and holds a spoon well but may still turn upside down- fine

77. Walks alone well: can seat self in chair: can creep upstairs- gross

78. 4- 6 words

79. Play- can stack 2 blocks enjoys being read to; drop toys for adult to recover ( exploring sense of permanence)

80. 18 months

81. No longer rotates a spoon to bring it to mouth-fine

82. Can run and jump in place. Can walk up and down stairs holding onto a person’s hand or railing.

83. Typically places both feet on one step before advancing- gross

84. 7-20 words, uses of jargoning:

85. Names 1 body part- language

86. Play- Imitates household chores, dusting etc.

87. Begins parallel play (playing beside but not with another child)

88. 24 months

89. Can open doors by turning doorknobs, unscrew lids- fine

90. Walks up stairs alone still using both feet on same step at the same time

91. 50 words, 2 word sentences( such as noun, pronoun, verb) “Daddy go” “me come”

92. Parallel play evident

93. 30 months

94. Makes simple lines or strokes for crosses with a pencil- fine

95. Can jump down from chairs- gross

96. Verbal language increasing steadily. Knows full name: can name one color and holds up finger to show age

98. They must have the control of rectal and urethral spinchter

99. They must have a cognitive understanding of what it means to hold urine and stools- so they can release it on time and proper place

101. They will not go outside unless mother locates his cap

103. Just make a staement not a question

104. Example: Are you ready for dinner?

106. Tonsils appear enlarged

107. Growth is only 2- 3.5 inches a year

108. Pulse rates decreases to about 85bpm

109. Genu valgus (knock knees) may be evident

110. Increase coordination makes bicycle riding, running, kicking if possible

111. Weight gain- child gains only about 4.5lb (2kg)

112. Height gain- only 2 to 3.5 in (6-8cm)

113. Teeth- generally have 20 deciduous teeth by 3 years of age.

114. Oedipus complex- strong emotional attachment a preschool boy demonstrates toward his mother

115. Electra complex- preschool girl to her father

117. Fears

118. Language

120. School refusal or phobia- resist to attend school just like agoraphobia

121. Cause: bully harsh teacher, showering in the gym class

123. Secondary sexual characteristics-aware of their body

124. Physiology of reproduction-understand menstruation

125. Explanation of the physiology of pregnancy and the possibility that comes with sexual maturity for unplanned or unwanted pregnancies

127. Assure children their parents are actively involved in keeping them safe.

128. Observe for signs of stress- sleep disturbance, fatigue, lack of pleasure,

129. Not allow children or adolescents to view footage of traumatic events over and over

130. Watch news programs with children so they can explain that the situation.

131. Explain there are bad people in the world, and bad people do bad things. But encourage not to see only one side of it.

134. Range 11- 14years

135. Girls- < 13 years- menstruation

137. Establishing a value system or what kind of person they want to be

138. Making a career decision

139. Becoming emancipated from their parents13 years old<br /> feel self doubt than self confidence<br />Because they still look children but want to grown up<br />14 years old<br />Becoming used of their body changes and quieter- have more self confidence<br />15 years old<br />Fall in love 5 to six times a year<br />Based on physical features<br />16 years<br />Becoming sexually mature- trust their own bodies<br />17 years<br />Left behind the childish behaviors they used in early adolescence<br />Shoving and punching- to get the attention of the opposite sex<br />