Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan as an indoor sport for businessmen. It soon spread globally and different rules and styles of play developed. The Philippines made important contributions like inspiring the three-hit limit and developing the set and spike maneuver. International competition began in the early 1900s and governing bodies were formed to standardize rules and promote the sport. Beach volleyball emerged in the 1930s and was added to the Olympics in 1996.
365 informative facts about the volleyball's history, types of volleyball, techniques and positions, training equipment, injuries, work out programmes, famous players, famous tournaments and fun facts about it
365 informative facts about the volleyball's history, types of volleyball, techniques and positions, training equipment, injuries, work out programmes, famous players, famous tournaments and fun facts about it
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. Game played by two teams, usually of six players on a
side, in which the players use their hands to bat a ball
back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball
touch the court within the opponents’ playing area
before it can be returned. To prevent this a player on
the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a
teammate before it touches the court surface—that
teammate may then volley it back across the net or bat
it to a third teammate who volleys it across the net. A
team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it
must be returned over the net.
3. History of Volleyball
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan,
physical director of the Young Men’s Christian
Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was
designed as an indoor sport for businessmen who
found the new game of basketball too vigorous.
The game soon proved to have wide appeal for both
sexes in schools, playgrounds, the armed forces, and
other organizations in the United States, and it was
subsequently introduced to other countries.
William G.
Morgan
History of Volleyball
4. First Game of Volleyball
July 7, 1896
- in the Springfield College is the
first game of Volleyball was played.
Morgan called the sport “mintonette,”
until a professor from Springfield
College in Massachusetts noted the
volleying nature of play and
proposed the name of “volleyball.
5. Volleyball
1990- In September 28 The ball for volleyball
was designed and made. This allowed for the
game to actually begin with its own ball.
1907- Volleyball was presented as one of the
most popular sports. This was a big step for
recongnition of volleyball and made it more
widely known. Volleyball was presented at the
Playground of America Convention as one of
the most popular sports.
6. The First Nationwide Tournament
The first nationwide tournament in the United States was
conducted by the National YMCA Physical Education
Committee in New York City in 1922. The United States
Volleyball Association (USVBA) was formed in 1928 and
recognized as the rules-making, governing body in the
United States.
International volleyball competition began in 1913 with the
first Far East Games, in Manila. During the early 1900s and
continuing until after World War II, volleyball in Asia was
played on a larger court, with a lower net, and nine players
on a team.
7. World War I 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15
points.
1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed
16,000 volleyballs to it’s troops and allies. This
provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in
foreign lands.
1920, three hits per side and back row attack
rules were instituted
1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules
were needed, the United States Volleyball
Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was
formed.
8. Beach Volleyball Beach volleyball—usually played, as
its name implies, on a sand court with
two players per team—was introduced
in California in 1930. The first official
beach volleyball tournament was held
in 1948 at Will Rogers State Beach, in
Santa Monica, California, and the first
FIVB-sanctioned world championship
was held in 1986 at Rio de Janeiro.
Beach volleyball was added to the
roster of the 1996 Olympic Games in
Atlanta, Georgia
10. Philippines 1916
Philippines- an offensive style of
passing the ball in a high trajectory to
be struck by another player (the set
and spike) were introduced
1916 -The NCAA was invited by the
YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in
promoting the sport. Added to school &
college physical education & intramural
programs
11. Philippines Volleyball
The Filipinos have made significant
contributions to volleyball in its
evolution as a professional and
international game. The Filipinos
continued playing volleyball up to the
modern-day period in its status as an
independent republic. Volleyball in the
Philippines is a female-dominated
sports, with two commercial leagues
serving as the de-facto top-flight
leagues in the country
12. Philippines Contribution
The Filipinos contributed two items to modern-day volleyball
Inspiration for the three-hit limit
The first contribution was that the Filipinos inspired American
players to create the “three-hit limit” for each player in modern-day
volleyball.
Setting and spiking the ball
The second Filipino contribution was the “set and spike” maneuver,
also known as “set and hit”, “setting and spiking”, or just “spike”.
13. Volleyball Equipment
Volleyball Court Dimensions
The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30
feet in total. The net in placed in the
center of the court, making each side
of the net 30 feet by 30 feet.
14. The Ball
The type of ball required in volleyball depends on the type and
level of volleyball you play. Beach volleyballs and indoor
volleyballs vary in size, weight and composition. Beach
volleyball is played with two players on a smaller sand court
with a larger, lighter ball, while indoor volleyball is played with
six players on a larger court, with a heavier, faster ball made of
leather.
Net & Poles
The net divides the volleyball court into two halves. The height
of the net varies based on the age of the players and the
surface being played on. An indoor net is 7 feet 11 5/8 inches in
height for men and 7 feet 4 1/8 inches for women. Beach
volleyball nets are hung at the same height. In addition to the
nets, and the poles from which they are hung, protective
padding is required to surround these structures to ensure
player safety in case of collision.
15. Shoes
Volleyball-specific shoes have a gum rubber sole. This type of sole
provides a lot more traction than a regular sport shoe or cross-
trainer. Volleyball shoes are also made to support a player’s lateral
movement. The front of the shoe has extra cushioning and padding
to help absorb some of the shock created by jumping and landing.
Beach volleyball players can get away with no shoes, playing
barefoot.
Protective Gear
Competitive indoor volleyball players are always diving for balls to
keep them in play. To protect their knees against floor burns, they
wear knee pads. There are two basic styles, the bubble style and
the flat style. The bubble style offers more padding in front of the
knee, directly on the kneecap; however, it is more bulky than the
flat style. The flat style may not have as much padding, but it does
allow for freer movement. There are several options in size and
sleeve length.
