The document discusses the state of literature in the Philippines after Americans returned in 1945 when the country regained its independence. Filipinos rejoiced as guerillas joined the liberating American army. The early post-liberation period saw a struggle between sudden emancipation from enemies and a desire to freely express ideas in print. There was a proliferation of newspapers in English and Filipino as more readers preferred English to other languages. Several notable works from former soldiers and writers of the period are mentioned. Poetry in both Filipino and English was widely published in the first 20 years after liberation.