PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA

1. Running head: PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
Team Project: Presentation of Healthcare Data
Shontel Gilbert
Orieji Iroha-Agwu
Jennifer Millerschone
Modupe Sarratt
Robert Wilson
HIMS 650-Group 3
University of Maryland University College

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
Part I: Annual Report's Statistical Data and Presentation
Peace & Prosperity Hospital Annual Report
HIMS650: Researc h Methods for Managers (Group 3)
Marc h 12, 2017
Gilbert, Shontel
Iroha-Agwu, Orieji
Millersc hone, Jennifer
Sarratt, Modupe
Wilson, Robert
Part II: Compilation of 20 Statistical Measures
Statistical
Measure
Definition Formula
Anesthesia
Death Rate
Anesthesia death
rate is the
proportion of
deaths caused by
anesthetic agents
during a specified
time to the
number of
anesthetics
administered.
Anesthesia Death Rate =
Total deaths caused by anesthetic agents x 100
Total number of anesthetic agents administered
Average
Daily
Census
Average daily
census is the
mean of the total
number of
inpatients treated
daily for a given
period of time.
Average Daily Census =
Total number of inpatient services for a given period
Total number of days in the same period
Average
Length of
Stay
Average length of
stay is the
average number
Average Length of Stay =
Total Length of Stay
Total number of discharges, including deaths for the same period

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
of days patients
occupy a hospital
bed for a given
time period.
Bed
Turnover
Rate
Bed turnover rate
is the average
number of times a
bed changes
occupants during
a given period of
time.
Bed Turnover Rate =
Number of discharges for the time period
The bed count for the time period
Caesarean
section Rate
Caesarean section
rate is the
proportion of total
deliveries for
which caesarean
sections were
performed.
Caesarean section Rate =
Total number of cesarean sections performed in a given period x 100
Total number of deliveries for the same period
Fetal
Autopsy
Rate
Fetal autopsy rate
is the ratio of the
total number of
autopsies
performed on
intermediate and
late fetal deaths to
the total number
of all intermediate
and late fetal
deaths.
Fetal Autopsy Rate =
Total number of autopsies on intermediate and late fetal deaths x 100
for a given period
Total number of intermediate and late fetal deaths for the same period
Fetal Death
Rate
Fetal death rate is
the ratio of the
total number of
intermediate and
late fetal deaths to
the total number
of live births and
fetal deaths for
the same period.
Fetal Death Rate =
Total number of intermediate and late fetal deaths for a given period x 100
Total number of births and fetal deaths for the same period
Gross
Autopsy
Rate
Gross autopsy
rate is the
proportion of all
inpatient deaths
for which an
autopsy was
Gross Autopsy Rate =
Total number of autopsies on inpatient deaths for a given time period x 100
Total number of inpatient deaths for the same time period

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
performed for a
given time period.
Gross Death
Rate
Gross death rate
is the ratio of the
total number of
inpatient deaths
including
newborns (NB) to
the total number
of discharges for
a given period.
Gross Death Rate =
Total number of inpatient deaths including NB for a given period x 100
Total number of discharges, including deaths for the same period
Hospital-
Acquired
Infection
Rates
Hospital-acquired
infection rates
refers to the
proportion of all
discharged
patients that
acquired
infections during
the hospital stay
for a given
period.
Hospital Acquired Infection Rate =
Total number of hospital-acquired infections for a given period x 100
Total number of discharges, including deaths for the same period
Inpatient
Bed
Occupancy
Rate
The Inpatient bed
occupancy rate is
the total number
of inpatient
service days for a
given time period
divided by the
total number of
inpatient bed
count days for the
same time period.
Inpatient Bed Occupancy =
Total number of inpatient service days for a given period x 100
Total number of inpatient bed count for the same period
Maternal
Death Rate
Maternal death
rate is the
proportion of all
maternal
obstetrical
discharges,
including death,
resulting in direct
maternal deaths.
Maternal Death Rate =
Total number of direct maternal deaths for a given period x 100
Total number of maternal obstetrical discharges, including
deaths, for the same period
Net Autopsy
Rates
Net autopsy rate
is the ratio of
Net Autopsy Rate =
Total number of autopsies on inpatient deaths for a given period x 100

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inpatient
autopsies
compared to
inpatient deaths
calculated by
dividing the total
number of
inpatient
autopsies
performed by the
hospital
pathologist for a
given time period
by the total
number of
inpatient deaths,
minus
unautopsied
coroners’ or
medical
examiners’ cases
for the same time
period.
Total number of inpatient deaths - unautopsied coroner or medical
examiner cases for the same period
Net Death
Rate
Net death rate is
the total number
of inpatient
deaths minus the
number of deaths
that occurred less
than 48 hours
after admission
for a given time
period, divided by
the total number
of inpatient
discharges, minus
the number of
deaths that
occurred less than
48 hours after
admission for the
same time period.
Net Death Rate =
Total number of inpatient deaths – number of deaths < 48 hours x 100
after admission for a given period of time
Total number of inpatient discharges – number of deaths < 48 hours
after admission for the same period

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
Newborn
Autopsy
Rate
Newborn autopsy
rate is the ratio of
all newborn
autopsies
performed in the
hospital to all
newborn deaths in
the hospital
Newborn Autopsy Rate =
Total number of newborn autopsies in a given period x 100
Total number of newborn deaths for the same period
Newborn
Death Rate
Newborn death
rate is the number
of newborns who
died divided by
the total number
of newborns, both
alive and dead
Newborn Death Rate =
Total number of newborn deaths for a given period x 100
Total number of newborns both dead and alive for the same period
Nosocomial
Infection
Rate
Nosocomial
infection rate is
the ratio of the
total number of
hospital-acquired
infections that
manifests more
than 72 hours
following
admission to the
total number of
discharges,
including death.
Nosocomial Infection Rate =
Total # of hospital-acquired infections >72 hours post admissions x 100
Total # of discharges, including deaths
Post-
operative
Death Rate
Post-operative
death rate is the
ratio of patients
who die within 10
days of surgery to
the total number
of patients
operated upon for
a given period.
Post-operative Death Rate =
Total surgical deaths within 10 days post-surgery for a given period x 100
Total patients operated upon for the same period
Post-
operative
Infection
Rate
Post-operative
infection rate
refers to the
proportion of all
surgical clean
surgical
operations for a
Post-operative Infection Rate =
Number of infections in clean surgical cases for a given period x 100
Total number of surgical operations for the same period

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
given period,
which resulted in
an infection after
the surgery.
Prevalence
Rate
Prevalence rate is
the proportion of
a population
affected by a
specific disease at
a given time.
Prevalence Rate =
Number of all cases of specific disease x 100
Total population
Part III: Literature Review
Effects of Work Environment on Patient and Nurse Outcomes
This article is a systematic review, analyzing the effects of the work environment on
Nurses’ job satisfaction and the implication for patient outcomes. Several factors impact the
nurses’ work environment and patient satisfaction. Most nurses find their job stressful due to the
complexity of the healthcare system. Stressful workloads not only lead to both poor nurse
outcome and poor patient outcome. Patients who were hospitalized in a less stressful nursing
environment were more satisfied with the care they received from nurses. The analysis concludes
that empowering nurses and helping find ways to improve communication and resolve conflict
can help enhance the work environment of nurses to provide the best quality care to patients.
Aging and the Rising Costs of Healthcare in the U.S. Can there be a Solution?
This article analyzes ethical approaches to addressing the issue of rising healthcare costs
in the United States, resulting from a fast growing aging population. The older a person gets, the
more likely they are to utilize medical care and healthcare experts predict the unsustainability of
these rapidly rising costs. Daniel Callahan, an ethicist proposed rationing of healthcare services
on the basis of age as a means of reducing cost. Utilitarian ethicists debunked this approach,

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
proposing alternate cost reduction mechanisms such as emphasizing preventive care, eliminating
expensive non evidence based interventions, incentivizing healthy lifestyles, tackling costs due
to practice of defensive medicine, to name a few.
Top of the Administration’s Agenda: Stem the Rising Cost of Healthcare
This article offers a pragmatic step-by-step approach to lowering existing and future
healthcare costs. It identifies the rising cost of healthcare as a significant economic, fiscal and
moral challenge facing the United States, not just presently but potentially for generations to
come. Poor quality of care driven by failures of care coordination, lack of competitive
prescription drug markets and high rates of preventable chronic diseases are some of the root
causes of rising healthcare costs. The article outlines recommendations which combine reforms
focused on high cost, high need patients with measures to control prescription drug costs in
address rising healthcare costs.
Critical Considerations for the Future of Patient Experience
This article discusses patient experience from a new perspective. It calls for healthcare
leaders to make a paradigm shift by aligning with what patient experience fully means and gain
an understanding of the factors that influence it. There are four fundamental healthcare
objectives that drive patient experience; clinical outcomes, financial outcomes, consumer loyalty,
and community reputation. Critical considerations include finding ways to integrate these
objectives to help enhance patient experience. This involves integrated efforts in operation and
engagement with consumers. The call to action for healthcare leaders is to commit to a strategic
focus on patient experience in support of healthcare’s intention to help heal and serve.

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PRESENTATION OF HEALTHCARE DATA
Decisions through Data: Analytics in Healthcare
This article from the Journal of Healthcare Management, focuses on data analytics in
healthcare. A wealth of data is constantly and rapidly amassed in medical practices, hospitals and
healthcare systems and this volume is a concern because it poses a risk to the efficiency of an
organization. Opportunities to utilize this data in managing operations can be lost if data
analytics is not employed. Data analytics utilizes three methods; small data, real-time analytics
and predictive modeling. These methods allow for extraction of meaningful information from the
data, which can be used to take actions aimed at improving the quality of care and decreasing
costs.
The Relationships among Depression, Physical Health Conditions and Healthcare
Expenditures for Younger and Older Americans
This article from the Journal of Mental Health is a study which analyzes the extent to
which depression adds to the costs of treatment of a physical health condition. It also examines
the extent to which the increase in health expenditure varies between younger and older adults.
The results of the study indicate increased healthcare costs associated with depression through its
relationship with co-occurring conditions. These relationships were found to be stronger in older
adults. The study suggests that proper detection and treatment of depression is beneficial in
reducing healthcare spending overall, especially among older adults.
Health Care Management
In this article, Kreidler addresses challenges in healthcare related to the complexities of
healthcare delivery in the United States. The modern day healthcare system has to deal with
competing priorities including meeting the demand for high tech care, controlling costs, financial

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pressures, and quality of care in the delivery of healthcare. Kreidler identifies strategies for risk
management planning and also suggests ways in which transparency can be increased for future
operations. He also highlights the importance of not losing sight of the mission of providing
healing and comfort to the sick, diseased and afflicted while grappling with the complexities of
this modern day health delivery system.
Patient Centered Care
In addressing the challenges of the healthcare system, the Institute of Medicine has set
goals that are designed to address the challenges of the healthcare system including an efficient
and patient-centered approach to delivery of care. Gans, in this MGMA Connection article
suggests that while the patient-centered approach is more cost involving upfront and yields lower
revenue for health providers, there is evidence of a much better patient experience and lower cost of
care, through this care delivery model. Healthcare leaders envision that this paradigm shift from
focusing on volume to focusing on value will be the game changer in the healthcare system.
Wait Times, Patient Satisfaction Scores and the Perception of care
This article analyzes the impact of wait times on patient satisfaction scores. The analysis
is focused on the implication of patient satisfaction scores, with regards to perception of quality
of care and physician abilities. It utilizes patient satisfaction surveys collected over a period of 1
year, from 44 ambulatory clinics within a large medical center. The results of the survey analysis
indicate that the clinical ambulatory patient experience is heavily influenced by time spent
waiting for provider care. It also indicates that longer wait times are negatively associated with
patient satisfaction scores which correlate with perceived physician abilities and quality of care.

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Triage at the Emergency Department: Association between Triage Levels and Patient
Outcome
This article analyzes a triage protocol implemented by a hospital to determine the correlation
between wait times and patient outcomes. The study utilized a color code system to prioritize
care for the severely ill, and patients were assigned colors which corresponded with wait times
based on 5 clinical levels. The correlation between the triage levels and clinical outcomes is
important for assessing patient safety and costs. The results of the study demonstrated the
importance of triage methods used in the ED and how proper prioritization of the care of
severely ill patients can reduce wait times and improve the quality of care and patient safety.

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References
Bleustein, C., Rothschild, D. B., Valen, A., Valatis, E., Schweitzer, L., & Jones, R. (2014). Wait
Times, Patient Satisfaction Scores, and the Perception of Care. The American Journal of
Managed Care. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25181568
Choi, S., Lee, S., Matejkowski, J., & Baek, Y. M. (2014). The Relationships among Depression,
Physical Health Conditions and Healthcare Expenditures for Younger and Older
Americans. Journal Of Mental Health, 23(3), 140-145.
Copanitsanou, P., Fotos, N., & Brokalaki, H. (2017). Effects of Work Environment on Patient
and Nurse Outcomes. British Journal of Nursing, 26(3), 172-176.
Gans, D. N. (2016). Patient-centered Care: A short-term investment for a long-term return.
(cover story). MGMA Connection, 16(2), 22-23.
Hosseini, H. (2015). Aging and the Rising Costs of Healthcare in the United States: Can there be
a solution?. Aging International, 40(3), 229-247. doi:10.1007/s12126-014-9209-8
Humphreys, G. (2009). When the patient falls out of bed, who pays?. Bulletin Of The World
Health Organization, 87(3), 169-170.
Keona Health. (2016-June 27). Top 6 Causes Patient Dissatisfaction|3 Simple Solutions.
Retrieved from http://keonahealth.com/top-6-causes-of-dissatisfaction-3-simple-solutions/
Koch, G. (2015) Basic Allied Health Statistics and Analysis. (4th ed). Stamford, CT: Cengage
Learning
Kreidler, M. L. (2015). Health Care Management. Research Starters: Business (Online Edition).

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Oaches, P. (2016). Health Information Management: Concepts, Principles, and Practice. (5th
ed.). [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved
from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781584265368/
Rother, J. (2016). Top of the Administration's Agenda: Stem the rising cost of healthcare.
generations, 40(4), 30-37.
Wills, M. J. (2014). Decisions Through Data: Analytics in Healthcare. Journal of Healthcare
Management, 59(4), 254-262.
Wolf, J. A. (2017). Critical Considerations for the Future of Patient Experience. Journal of
Healthcare Management, 62(1), 9-12.