1. INTERNATIONALComputer Engineering COMPUTER(IJCET), ISSN 0976 – &
International Journal of JOURNAL OF and Technology ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)
6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), © IAEME
ISSN 0976 – 6367(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online)
Volume 3, Issue 3, October - December (2012), pp. 147-154
IJCET
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2012): 3.9580 (Calculated by GISI) ©IAEME
www.jifactor.com
GREEN HOUSE MONITORING BASED ON ZIGBEE
Ansari Md.AsifMd Riyasat1, MsVijayshree A More2,
Prof.J.G.RANA3,Dr.S.A.NAVEED4
1
M.E Student, J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad, Aurangabad-431001, India
E-mail :mdasifansari@rediffmail.com
2
Asso.Prof, Deptt of Electronics,J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad-431001, India
E-mail :vijayshreemore@gmail.com
3
Prof, Deptt of Electronics,J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad-431001, India
4
Asso.Prof, Deptt of Electronics,J.N.E.C, Dr.B.A.M.U Aurangabad-431001, India
E-mail :sa_naveed@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT
Cultivation method of greenhouse is that the growth of crops doesn’t depend on the nature
environment and keep the best of optimization of environment by artificially controlling the
environment. Recent advances in communication networks havespurred interest on the
definition of efficient self-configurationprotocols. Such mechanisms are particularly of
interest on therapid deployment of wireless sensor networks whose nodes arecharacterized by
their low computational and energy resourcesaccording to the green networking principles.
making optimum growthconditions of crops in green houses in the future by
storingconditions in green houses .The study shows that thedeveloped monitoring system has
the following features, such assimple structure, high reliability, good extensibility and
flexibleconfiguration. It can control and adjust automatically theenvironmental parameters in
every greenhouse, and has projectpracticality and vendibility.The greenhousehumiture
monitoring system based on ZigBee wirelesssensor networks (ZWSN) is the best solution.
Theobjectives of this study are: (1) to develop ZWSNnodes for measuring the temperature
and humidity ingreenhouse; (2) to program suitable software makingthe nodes sleepy without
work for energy saving; and(3) to optimize network performance by setting a timedelay for
each nodes.
Keywords :Greenhouse,Medium Access Control (MAC),UART, wirelesssensors
network(WSN), ZigBeewirelesssensor networks (ZWSN)
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1. INTRODUCTION
A greenhouse is a building where plants are grown. A greenhouse is a structure with different
types of covering materials, like glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it
heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by plants, soil, and
other things inside the building. Glass is transparent to this radiation. The warmed structures
and plants inside the greenhouse re-radiate this energy in the infra-red, to which glass is
partly opaque, and that energy is trapped inside the glasshouse. Although there is some heat
loss due to conduction, there is a net increase in energy (and therefore temperature) inside
the greenhouse. Air warmed by the heat from hot interior surfaces is retained in the building
by the roof and wall. These structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings.
The greenhouses are filled with equipment like screening installations, heating, cooling, and
lighting and may be automatically controlled by a computer.The greenhouse is one of the
typical representatives in facility agriculture. Its main advantages are offseason cultivation,
high yield, and strong resistance to adverse weather and soil conditions. With the widely use
of greenhouse,environment intelligent control technology is paid more and more attention in
modern greenhouse. It regulates the temperature, air relative humidity and light intensity
automatically so as to create the best growth condition and achieve offseason
cultivation.However, due to the interactive influence among the solar radiation, indoor plants
and other indoor equipments, the distribution of temperature andhumidity are significantly
different in greenhouse [6-7].Climate control variables are as shown in fig 1.
Fig 1: Climate control variables
ZigBee wireless sensor networks (ZWSN), a kind of short-range, low-rate wireless
networking technology, solves the shortages of traditional greenhouse environment
monitoring system and improves the performance of the whole system. Ithas its own radio
standards, realizing the thousands of tiny sensors to achieve mutual communication with very
little requirement of energy. The self-configuring and self-healing nature of ZWSN makes
deployment simple and ensures reliable communications no matter how the environment
changes. It also provides flexibility, allowing radio nodes and their associated controllers to
be added, removed, or relocated without the need for traditional network cabling work.
The greenhouse monitoring system mainlyconsisted of ZWSN system and monitoringcenter.
Three types of network nodes set up the wirelesssensor networks by a self-organizing mode:
gatewaynode, router node, and end device node. Among themthe end device nodes and router
nodes managed thedata collection of inside greenhouse, and thenthe gathered data was sent to
the gateway node, finallythe gateway node sent data to the monitoringcenter . In order to save
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6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 3, Issue 3, October-December (2012), © IAEME
costs, thetree-type network topology was used. Zigbee network configuration is as shown in
fig 2.
Fig 2 : Zigbee network configuration
The disadvantages of wired monitoring system such as complicated arrangement, difficult
maintenance and so on. Hence wireless monitoring system is developed which does not need
cables, adds or reduces configuration at random .posses simple system construction.
Moreover it is characterized by its low power consumption, simplicity. Therefore it proves to
be of practical significance[1-3].ZigBee wireless sensor networks(ZWSN), a kind of short-
range, low-rate wirelessnetworking technology, solves the shortages oftraditional greenhouse
environment monitoring systemand improves the performance of the whole system[8].
2. ANALYSIS OF NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY
ZWSN includes two types of address: 16-bitnetwork address and 64-bit physical addresses.
When anetwork node joins in the network, its parent nodeassigns it a random 16-bit network
address which isn’t assigned to other node. Once the node has beenassigned a short address,
it is no reason to give up theshort address. The address should be retained unlessit received a
statement that the address conflicts withother node’s address. As is known to all, each
networknode has the unique 64-bit physical addresses whichcould be identified by user
conveniently. Coordinatoruses 0x0000 as its own 16-bit network address afterestablishing
network. Router and end device nodeachieve communication through 16-bit network
addressassigned by its parent node after successfully joiningnetwork. Node address
assignment algorithm usesCskipalgorithm[9].The address assignment algorithms formula
ofCskip is in (1):
Cm= child node total number of any parent node .
Rm= router child nodes total number of parent node .
Lm= maximum depth of network .
d= real depth of device .
Maximum terminal device nodes = maximum childnodes - the largest routing nodes = Cm –
Rm .
(2) is used to calculate the address of router childnode N of the parent with depth of d.
(3) is used tocalculate the address of end device child node N of theparent which depth is d.
(4) is used to calculate the totalnumber of potential nodes .
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The gateway node is Full Function Device (FFD)to manage the communication among all
networknodes and information interaction between wirelessnetwork and administration center
as a coordinator.Router node is also FFD, which could transmit andreceive both its own data
and its neighbor nodesdata, and form multiple redundant paths forcommunication
importantly. End device node isdesigned as Reduce Function Device (RFD) to collectdata
and communicate with gateway node and routernode. RFD internal circuitry is simpler than
FFD and isconducive to reducing energy consumption[10-12]. Thenetwork has the
intelligence to determine the optimalrouting path, if necessary, that switch to another
pathwhile the original path is disrupted. The end devicenode collects temperature and
humidity data, sendingdata to gateway node directly or by jumping therouters. For power
saving the end device node can beturned on and off under software control. End devicenode
is expected to spend most of their time sleeping,and work only when sampling, computing,
andcommunicating, in order to optimize the systemlifetime requirements. Minimizing power
involvesturning off sensors, the radio, and the processor to beput into a deep sleep mode.
The main function of gateway node is to set up and manage ZigBee networks as well as data
transmission.When power-on gateway node searches channel and forms ZigBee network
automatically, and the othernode support to join and disconnected from thenetwork. It
receives instructions from monitoringcenter and retransmits them to corresponding
networknodes while retransmitting sampling data fromnetwork nodes to monitoring center.
End device node starts to find and join in thenetwork, in order to reduce energy
consumptioncollecting data at every sampling period and enteringlow-power mode after data
packet sent to gateway
node.[5] .
3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The diagram of monitoring system for environmentparameters in greenhouse is shown in
figure 3. It includesevery terminal, centralized control unit. On the one hand, every
terminaltakes charge of collecting temperature, humility, carbondioxide and other parameters,
and transmit these parametersto centralized control unit by wireless sending modules; onthe
other hand, it takes charge of carrying out the instructionssend by centralized control unit and
then to adjust these parameters.Centralized control unit summarizes the datacollecting by
every terminal and sends instructions to every terminal to adjust the environmentparameters
of every terminal.
The dynamic behaviour of the greenhouse microclimateis a combination of physical
processes involvingenergy transfer (radiation and heat) and mass balance(water vapour fluxes
and CO2 concentration). Theseprocesses depend on the outlet environmental
conditions,structure of the greenhouse, type and state of the crop, andon the effect of the
control actuators . The main waysof controlling the greenhouse climate are by using
ventilationand heating to modify inside temperature and humidityconditions, shading and
artificial light to change internalradiation, CO2 injection to influence photosynthesis,and
fogging/misting for humidity enrichment.
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Fig 3 : Block diagram of general system
4. DESIGN OF FUNCTION MODULE
4.1. Centralized control unit.
Centralized control unit consists of microcontroller and radio frequency transceivers.
Microcontroller as the control center, controls the transmission and receiving of radio
frequency signal.
4.2. Measurement and control unit .
The block diagram of every measurement and control terminal is shown in figure
4. It mainly includes data acquisition subsystems, control subsystems, wireless
communication subsystems and power supply subsystem. It is mainly used to measure the
temperature and humidity indoors and outdoors and carbon dioxide concentration indoors, to
control heaters, exhaust fans, humidifiers and transmit these data.
Fig 4 : Diagram of measurement and control unit
The controlling members of greenhouse forenvironment parameters consist of the controlling
of heater,exhaust fan and humidifier. With the temperature, humidityand co2 concentration
are not suitable for the growth of crops,the control unit can send out instructions to control
solid state relay,then the heater, exhaust fan and humidifier are turned on bysolid state relay;
Otherwise these controllers are turned out .
5. SOFTWARE
The software includes data acquisition, data receiving and transmission by wireless and
actionsubprogram of every terminal .Every control instruction modulesends all kinds of
instruction based on the results of thecomparison of collected data and the standard value,
and itwill control the controller of every terminal.
5.1. Main program.
The main program of the control terminal achieves data receiving, analysis and storage of
every terminal. For the data is beyondthe range of a pre-set, the main program sends
controlinstructions to controlelectrical apparatus of every terminalon or off. The flow chart is
followed as Figure 5.
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Fig 5 :Flow chart of main program
5.2. Microcontroller subprogram.
The microcontroller subprogram mainly achieves thereceiving of data from every terminal
and transmission ofinstruction from control terminal, it is the connective ligament of
everyterminal and thecontrol terminal . The flowchart is followed as Figure 6
Fig 6 : Flow chart of micro-controller sub program
5.3. Terminal subprogram
Every terminal subprogram achieves measurement ofall kinds of parameters and transmission
of it, and theperformance of all kinds of control instructions to adjust allkinds of parameters.
The flowchart is followed as Figure 7.
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Fig 7 Flow chart of terminal program
6. RESULTS
The test results for thedeveloped system at a moment are shown in table 1.Every greenhouse
can collectenvironmentaltemperature, airy humidity, concentration of CO2 indoors.The
acquisition data are sent to central control unit by everyterminal controller. The data can be
stored, displayed.
TABLE 1 Experimental Results
Green House No Temperature Humidity Concentration of
(oc) (RH) CO2(ppm)
1 24 50 1400
2 25 55 1500
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TheAuthor would like to thank Mr.V.V.Sarvadnya, Mr.D.K.Mane (Lecturer in
Govt.Polytechnic,Jintur ) for their help in LAB facility and support.
8. CONCLUSION
The measurement and control system for environmentparameters in greenhouse based on
zigbee communication technology is developed and initially experimented. Theexperimental
results indicate that the system has somefeatures as follows:
(1) It is applied to agriculture vegetable greenhouse can commendably overcome the
disadvantage oftraditional measuring and controlling system in greenhouses.
(2) It can be kept long distance, real time monitoring forparameter of greenhouse and the
information can be obtainedof greenhouse at any time.
(3) It has the advantages of notneeding cables, low power consumption, cheap cost,
goodrobustness, flexible extension, convenient installing over thetraditional measurement and
control system.
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AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY
1) Name :ANSARI MOHD ASIF MOHD RIYASAT
Obtained his B.E( Electronics and tele communication ) from
Government engg college Aurangabad.completed his P.G.D.B.M from
Dr.Babasahebambedker college Aurangabad.Currntly pursuing M.E
(Electronics ) from J.N.E.C,Aurangabad affiliated to Dr.B.A.M.U,
Aurangabad.Published so many papers in national and international
conferences and jounals.Currerntly working as Lecturer in ECT Deptt,
Govt. Polytechnic, Jintur.
2) Name : Ms VIJAYSHREE AJAY MORE
Obtained her B.E(ECT) from J.N.E.C, Aurangabad in 1989.ME
in 1989 from GSTI, Indore. Currently doing her Ph.d in system
authentication and person identification based on facial features from
Research centre , computer Deptt,Dr.B.A.M.UAurangabad.Currently
working as Associate professor in ECT Deptt ,J.N.E.C, Aurangabad.
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