The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of marine debris located between Hawaii and California. It consists of plastic, abandoned fishing nets, and other debris accumulating in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The garbage patch forms as litter from Asia and North America is carried into the gyre by ocean currents. It is estimated to cover an area twice the size of Texas with plastic debris that harms marine life and has entered the human food chain. The majority of the plastic comes from several Asian countries that dump more plastic in the oceans than all other countries combined.

1. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Year 2021
Project is presented by 4Th semester
Aeronautical Engineering
1. Aadesh Ghagare (117)
2.Harshal Rodge (122)
3.Hrushikesh Sonawane (125)
4.Jatin Patil (126)
5.Rupesh Ghagi (132)

3. Great Pacific Garbage patch
• The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of marine debris in
the North Pacific Ocean. Marine debris is litter that ends up
in oceans, seas, and other large bodies of water.

4. • It is also known as the Pacific trash vortex,
the garbage patch is actually two distinct
collections of debris bounded by the massive
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
• The amount of debris in the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch accumulates because much of
it is not biodegradable.

5. History
• The patch was described in a 1988 paper
published by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
• The description was based on the research by
several Alaska – based researches in 1988 who
measured neustonic plastic in North Pacific
Ocean.
• Charles J. Moore, returning home through the
North Pacific Gyre in 1997, claimed to have
come an enormous stretch of floating debris.
• The area is frequently featured in media reports
as an exceptional example of Marine pollution.

6. Charles J. Moore
Capt. Charles Moore, discoverer of the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch, in an article for Natural History magazine in
2003
"So on the way back to our home port in Long Beach,
California, we decided to take a shortcut through the
gyre, which few seafarers ever cross. Fishermen shun
it because its waters lack the nutrients to support an
abundant catch. Sailors dodge it because it lacks the
wind to propel their sailboats.
"Yet as I gazed from the deck at the surface of what
ought to have been a pristine ocean, I was confronted,
as far as the eye could see, with the sight of plastic.
"It seemed unbelievable, but I never found a clear
spot. In the week it took to cross the subtropical high,
no matter what time of day I looked, plastic debris
was floating everywhere: bottles, bottle caps,
wrappers, fragments. Months later, after I discussed
what I had seen with the oceanographer Curtis
Ebbesmeyer, perhaps the world's leading expert on
flotsam, he began referring to the area as the 'eastern
garbage patch.'"

7. According to researches in 2015, the discarded plastics and
other debris floats eastward out of six primary sources: China,
Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
 China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam dump
more plastic in the sea than all other countries combined.
 China alone is responsible for 30% of worldwide plastic ocean
pollution.
 54% of the debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes
from land-based activities in North America and Asia.
Remaining 20% comes from boaters, offshore oil rigs, and
large cargo ships that dump or lose debris directly into the
water.
 The majority of this debris about 705,000 tons is fishing-nets.
Sources of Plastic

8.  1.15 TO 2.41 MILLION METRIC TONNES OF PLASTIC
ARE ENTERING THE OCEAN EACH YEAR.
 80’000 TONNES OF PLASTIC FLOAT IN THE GPGP,
EQUIVALENT TO 500 JUMBO JETS.
 A total of 1.8 trillion plastic pieces were estimated to be
floating in the patch, a plastic count that is equivalent to 250
pieces of debris for every human in the world.
How much plastic floats on the Pacific ocean?
 The centre concentration levels of debris
GPGP contains the highest density, reaching
100s of kg/km² while decreasing down to
10 kg/km² in the outermost region.
 Estimates of size of GPGP ranges
from 700,000 square kilometres (about
the size of Texas) to more than
15,000,000 square kilometres (about the
size of Russia).

9. Constitution
The Great Pacific garbage
patch formed gradually as
a result of ocean or marine
pollution gathered
by ocean currents

10. A 2017 study concluded that of the
9.1 billion tons of plastic produced
since 1950, close to 7 billion tons are
no longer in use. The authors
estimate that 9% was recycled, 12%
was incinerated, and the remaining
5.5 billion tons remains in the oceans
and land.

11. SIZEESTIMATION
The GPGP covers an estimated surface
area of 1.6 million square kilometers,
an area twice the size of Texas or three
times the size of France.
To formulate this number, the
team of scientists behind this
research conducted the most
elaborate sampling method
ever coordinated. This
consisted of a fleet of 30 boats,
652 surface nets and two
flights over the patch to gather
aerial imagery of the debris.

12. Whatis it?
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a large system of marine debris
located in the Pacific Ocean. Out of the many marine trash vortexes
that exist, this is the biggest.Marine debris is litter that ends up in
oceans, seas, and other large bodies of water.The garbage patch is
estimated to have a size between 700000 and 1500000 square
kilometres

13. EFFECT ON MARINE LIFE AND ANIMAL
• The United Nations Ocean Conference
estimated that the oceans might contain more
weight in plastics than fish by the year 2050.

14. Types of plastic
 Multiple studies
have found plastics
and microplastics in
the stomach
contents of marine
animals.
 Bottle cap have
been found in the
stomachs of turtles
and seabird, which
have died because
of the obstruction of
their respiratory and
digestive track.
 Ghostnet are also
a problematic type
of ocean plastic as
they can
continuously trap
marine life in a
process known as
ghost fishing.

15. scientific
Studies shows

16. Direct impact on Human
• Nanoplastic can penetrate the intestine tissue in aquatic
creatures and can end up in the human food chain
by inhalation (breathing) or injection (eating), particularly
through shellfish andCrustacean
• They have the potential to affect the central nervous
system and reproductive system.

17. THANK YOU