The document discusses rules for changing nouns from singular to plural in English. It explains that most nouns form the plural by adding -s, but nouns ending in certain letters like s, sh, ch, o, x add -es instead. Nouns ending in a consonant and y change the y to i and add -es. Nouns ending in a vowel and y simply add -s. Some nouns ending in f or fe replace the f with a v and add -es.

1. watch watches
clown clowns
baby
PLURALS
babies
leaf leaves
key keys
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2. SINGULAR PLURAL
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3. We can change most nouns from singular to plural
by adding s.
girl- door-
chair- desk-
mother- table-
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4. When a noun ends with s, sh, ch, o, x, z, we need
to add an es.
bus- brush-
catch- tomato-
fox- waltz-
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5. When a noun ends with a consonant (b,c,d, f etc.)
and a y, we change the y to an i and add an es.
fly- candy-
city- penny-
army- lady-
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6. If a noun ends with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) and a y,
we add an s.
day- boy-
buy pay-
toy- clay-
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7. There are certain nouns that end with f or fe that are
changed by replacing the f with a v and adding es.
wolf- knife-
life- thief-
loaf- leaf-
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