Grammar Translation Method 11(1).pptx
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The Grammar Translation Method focuses on reading and writing skills in the learner's native language. New grammar rules are deductively taught and students translate sentences between the target language and their mother tongue. While this method enhances vocabulary and grammar knowledge, it ignores listening and speaking skills in the target language, making students passive learners.
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Avinda Hervy Wahyu Manggalita ( 16108810041 )
The document summarizes several approaches to teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL), including their key advantages and disadvantages. The approaches discussed are: grammar-translation, direct method, reading approach, audio-lingual approach, community language learning, silent way, communicative approach, functional-notional approach, total physical response (TPR), and natural approach. Each approach is briefly characterized with its focus on skills, use of the native language, and role of the teacher.
Grammar in isolation vs grammar in context
The document discusses teaching grammar in isolation versus teaching grammar in context. Teaching grammar in isolation involves separate grammar lessons focusing only on forms and meanings through exercises, while teaching grammar in context involves teaching grammar as it relates to real communication situations. While teaching grammar in isolation helps identify students' performance and ensure they learn rules, it risks being confusing and boring. Teaching grammar in context provides a meaningful framework that connects lessons to reality and allows students to learn how to correctly form and use grammatical structures for communication. The document recommends teaching grammar in context through methods like dialogues that match how language is used in the real world.
Methods and approachesd
The document provides an overview of several language teaching methods:
- The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on reading, writing, and memorizing grammar rules. Students translate between the target and native languages.
- The Direct Method avoids translation and focuses on speaking and listening through demonstrations and real-world examples.
- The Audio-Lingual Method uses drills to teach structures and reinforce correct responses. Students imitate the teacher to learn through habit.
- The PPP Method presents new language, has students practice it, and then produce it freely. It encourages accuracy over fluency.
- Community Language Learning creates transcripts of student conversations in their native language. Students then work with the target language equival
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The document provides an overview of several methods and approaches to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), including the Direct Method, Grammar-Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Natural Approach, Humanistic Approach, Silent Way, and Suggestopedia Method. For each method, the summary highlights the main features, the teacher's role, the learner's role, key techniques used, and similarities and differences between the methods. The document serves as a useful reference for understanding different EFL teaching philosophies and how they approach language instruction.
Second language teaching methods
This document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
- The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on grammar rules and translation between the native and target languages.
- The Direct Method uses only the target language and teaches grammar inductively through examples.
- The Reading Method emphasizes reading skills and knowledge of the target language culture.
- The Audio-Lingual Method uses repetition and mimicry of dialogs to teach grammatical structures.
- Community Language Learning and the Silent Way focus on building confidence through counseling and minimizing speaking in the native language. Materials like color charts are used to teach pronunciation.
Second language teaching methods
The document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
- The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on grammar rules and translation between the native and target languages.
- The Direct Method uses only the target language and teaches grammar inductively through examples.
- The Reading Method emphasizes reading skills and knowledge of the target language culture.
- The Audio-Lingual Method uses repetition and mimicry of dialogs to teach grammatical structures.
- Community Language Learning uses counseling techniques to build student confidence in the target language.
- The Silent Way focuses on pronunciation and student autonomy, using colored materials and gestures from the teacher.
Second language teaching methods
The document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
- The grammar-translation method focuses on grammar rules and translation between the native and target languages.
- The direct method uses only the target language and teaches grammar inductively through examples.
- The reading method emphasizes reading skills and knowledge of the target language culture.
- The audio-lingual method uses repetition and mimicry of dialogs to teach grammatical structures.
- Community language learning and the silent way focus on building confidence through counseling and use of visual aids, with the teacher acting more as a facilitator than instructor.
Second language teaching methods
This document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
1) The grammar-translation method focuses on grammar rules and translation exercises with little use of the target language.
2) The direct method immerses students in the target language without translation or use of the native language.
3) The reading method prioritizes developing reading skills over other abilities.
4) The audio-lingual method uses behaviorist techniques like repetition and memorization to teach language structures.
5) Community language learning uses counseling techniques to build students' confidence speaking the target language.
6) The silent way emphasizes student autonomy and uses visual aids and teacher silence to encourage self-correction.
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The document provides an overview of several language teaching methods:
- The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on reading, writing, and memorizing grammar rules. Students translate between the target and native languages.
- The Direct Method avoids translation and focuses on speaking and listening through demonstrations and real-world examples.
- The Audio-Lingual Method uses drills to teach structures and reinforce correct responses. Students imitate the teacher to learn through habit.
- The PPP Method presents new language, has students practice it, and then produce it freely. It encourages accuracy over fluency.
- Community Language Learning creates transcripts of student conversations in their native language. Students then work with the target language equival
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Second language teaching methods
This document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
- The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on grammar rules and translation between the native and target languages.
- The Direct Method uses only the target language and teaches grammar inductively through examples.
- The Reading Method emphasizes reading skills and knowledge of the target language culture.
- The Audio-Lingual Method uses repetition and mimicry of dialogs to teach grammatical structures.
- Community Language Learning and the Silent Way focus on building confidence through counseling and minimizing speaking in the native language. Materials like color charts are used to teach pronunciation.
Second language teaching methods
The document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
- The Grammar-Translation Method focuses on grammar rules and translation between the native and target languages.
- The Direct Method uses only the target language and teaches grammar inductively through examples.
- The Reading Method emphasizes reading skills and knowledge of the target language culture.
- The Audio-Lingual Method uses repetition and mimicry of dialogs to teach grammatical structures.
- Community Language Learning uses counseling techniques to build student confidence in the target language.
- The Silent Way focuses on pronunciation and student autonomy, using colored materials and gestures from the teacher.
Second language teaching methods
The document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
- The grammar-translation method focuses on grammar rules and translation between the native and target languages.
- The direct method uses only the target language and teaches grammar inductively through examples.
- The reading method emphasizes reading skills and knowledge of the target language culture.
- The audio-lingual method uses repetition and mimicry of dialogs to teach grammatical structures.
- Community language learning and the silent way focus on building confidence through counseling and use of visual aids, with the teacher acting more as a facilitator than instructor.
Second language teaching methods
This document describes several methods for teaching second or foreign languages:
1) The grammar-translation method focuses on grammar rules and translation exercises with little use of the target language.
2) The direct method immerses students in the target language without translation or use of the native language.
3) The reading method prioritizes developing reading skills over other abilities.
4) The audio-lingual method uses behaviorist techniques like repetition and memorization to teach language structures.
5) Community language learning uses counseling techniques to build students' confidence speaking the target language.
6) The silent way emphasizes student autonomy and uses visual aids and teacher silence to encourage self-correction.
Silent Way Teaching Method
The Silent Way is a language teaching method where the teacher is mostly silent during lessons. It uses colored rods and charts to teach pronunciation and vocabulary without translation. Learners discover the language through problem-solving activities while the teacher facilitates and ensures learners produce the target language. The goal is near-native fluency through inductive learning that starts from what students already know.
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Grammar is the underlying rules and structure of a language. It is important for effective communication. There are two main approaches to teaching grammar - deductive and inductive. The deductive approach presents rules first before examples, while the inductive approach has students discover rules through examples. Both have advantages and disadvantages. Effective grammar teaching techniques include using context, stories, texts, poems and focusing on meaning over isolated rules. The goal is for students to actively use the language in real situations.
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- Direct Method bans translation and teaches grammar inductively through interaction. Speaking and listening are emphasized.
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The document discusses various approaches to teaching grammar, including deductive and inductive methods. It defines descriptive and prescriptive grammar, and explains that the most effective way to teach grammar is through an inductive approach that focuses on meaning and uses reading and writing activities. The PPP (presentation, practice, production) model is presented as a widely used framework for teaching grammar lessons, with the goal of students producing the target grammar through contextual examples and exercises.
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The grammar translation method focuses on translating words, phrases, and sentences directly from English to a student's native language. It emphasizes reading and grammar rules over speaking. The direct method aims to teach English naturally without translation, associating words with experiences.
The deductive method presents grammar rules first before examples, while the inductive method uses numerous examples to induce rules. The inductive approach encourages more student involvement than explicit teacher explanation.
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The Grammar Translation Method (GTM) evolved from the Classical Method used to teach Latin and Greek in the 15th century. GTM, formalized in Germany in the late 18th century, places little emphasis on speaking or communicating in the target language. It focuses on translating literature and grammar between the native and target languages. GTM helps students learn correct sentence structure and read/write the target language, but does not develop strong listening/speaking skills due to its reliance on the native language in class. While effective for certain skills, critics argue GTM is dull and does not facilitate conversational ability.
Classroom management and classroom interaction
This document outlines various aspects of English language teaching methodology. It discusses the amount and type of teacher talk, how students learn through modifications to speech, the use of teacher questions, and providing feedback to students. It also covers motivating students through intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as well as specific techniques like role-playing. Potential classroom management issues are examined, such as distracting students or non-participants. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
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www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. Grammar Translation Method GMT Other Name 1 oldest Method 2 classical Method 3 Traditional Method
- 2. Grammar Translation Method • Other name • Oldest Method • Classical Method • Traditional Method • Popular Method Main Focus – Reading writing Medium of Instruction – Mother Tongue Basic or teaching units- words 1Teacher reads every sentence and translate every sentence into mother tongue 2 Grammar is taught through rules – deductive method is used Merits 1 clarity less chance of confusion. 2 It enhances vocabulary. 3 correct knowledge of grammar is given. Demerits 1 Listening and speaking skills are ignored. 2Main focus remain on mother tongue. 3No oral work takes place in the class by the students. So students are passive learners.
- 3. It is also known as Aural- oral Approach/ Aural- Linguistic Approach 1 Mastery of structure is more important than Vocabulary. 2 Structure are selected graded properly before teaching Structure Different arrangement or pattern of words. 1Should not confused 2 Should be meaningful. with sentences Principle of Selection 1 usefulness 2 Simplicity NO need of grammatical rule 3Teachability 4Area of difference Merits Students acquire habit of speaking because it focus on speech. Learning becomes permanent because it focus on oral drills Demerits More suitable for lower class. Knowledge of grammar cannot be obtained . It required well trained teachers. STRUCTURAL APPROACH
- 4. SITUATIONAL APPROACH • In Situational Approach teacher creates a meaningful situation in order to use a structure. • Example- Suppose teacher wants “to teach a structure on the table” • For this he can create situation by putting different items on the table. • Example- Book is on the table • While doing so he required to speak “ the book is on the table.” • Then in place of book he can change the items until the meaning of structure is fully grasped by class • Types of Situation • Real situation • Artificial Situation • Merits • It follows Principle of interests • It emphasis learning by play • Demerits • Suitable for lower classes • It is no possible to teach prose, poetry, composition by this approach.