Newton discovered gravity through observing an apple fall from a tree, realizing that the same force pulling the apple downward also attracts the earth. He then formulated the law of universal gravitation, which states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This explains that all objects experience gravitational attraction depending on their mass and proximity to each other.

1. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Presented by
Vineetha I V
Physical Science
Roll No : 20

2. • The idea of gravity was Introduced by Sir Isaac
Newton in the late 1600’s
• He was a scientist who combine ideas
to explain how the universe operates

3. How He Discovered it…?
• Newton’s law of Gravitation was discovered while he
watched an apple fall from a tree.
• The force that pulled the apple to the ground was
the same with which apple attracted earth.

4. All Matter Is Affected by Gravity
• Because of gravity you are being pulled toward your book,
your pencil, and every other object around you.
• You exert an attractive force on everything around you and
everything is exerting an attractive force on you.
• This attractive force is called gravity.
• All objects experience an attraction toward all other objects
in this universe.

5. Gravitational Force
Gravitation force depends on two things:
• The mass of the two objects
• The distance between the two objects

6. Gravitational Force and Mass
• Earth attracts an elephant more than
a cat.
• Earth attracts coconut more than an apple.
• Earth’s gravitational force is greater than that of
moon.
Gravitational force increases as mass
increases.

7. • Gravitational force is directly proportional to the
product of masses.

8. Gravitational Force and Distance
• Gravity between you and the earth is greater than
the gravity between you and the sun.
Gravitational force decreases as distance increases.

9. • Gravitational force is inversely proportional to the
square of distance between the masses

11. • All objects in the universe attract each other through
gravitational force. Every body in the universe attracts every
other body with a force which is directly proportional to the
product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.
F 𝖺 M1M2
d2
F = G M1M2
d2
G = Gravitational Constant & G = 6.67x10-11 Nm2/kg2
This is Law of Universal Gravitation
Universal : applies to all objects!!!
• The force acts in the direction of the line connecting the
centers of the masses.