The document outlines grammar objectives related to relative clauses for grade 10 students, focusing on independent and dependent clauses, as well as the distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses. It provides definitions, examples, and sentence structures, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Additionally, it includes activities to practice identifying and expanding clauses in sentences.

1. Grammar
Relative Clauses
KKIS, Grade 10

2. Objectives
1- Review complete sentence.
2- Recognize dependent and independent clauses.
2- Identify relative clauses.
3- Figure out restrictive and non-restrictive clauses.

3. London is a popular place.
A simple sentence has two parts, a subject
and a predicate. It is called Independent
clause.
Subject Predicate

4. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone.
It has a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
For example: The general furniture was comfortable.

5. DEPENDENT CLAUSES
A dependent, or subordinate clause is a clause that can’t stand
alone.
It has a subject and a verb, but it doesn’t express a complete
thought.
It starts with a subordinate conjunction such as because, after,
while, since, although……
For example: because the furniture was comfortable.

6. To make a dependent clause a complete thought, you should combine it with an
independent one:
Example: Because the furniture was comfortable, I relaxed on the couch.
dependent clause Independent clause

7. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
Four basic sentence structures:
Sentence
structure
Elements Examples
Simple a single independent clause The general furniture was profuse,
comfortless, and antique.
Compound two or more independent clauses,
joined either by a comma and a
coordinating conjunction or by a
semicolon
A servant in waiting took my
horse, and I entered the Gothic
archway of the hall.
Complex one independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses
Although, as boys, we had been
even intimate associates, . . . I
really knew little of my friend.
Compound-
complex
two or more independent clauses and
one or more dependent clauses
We sat down[,] and . . . , while he
spoke not, I gazed upon him with
a feeling half of pity, half of awe.

8. Online Activity
HTTPS://WORDWALL.NET/RESOURCE/5
9688110

9. 1- In groups, reread paragraph 2 of “The Fall of the House of Usher.” Mark
independent and dependent clauses. Then, classify each sentence as
simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.
Activities: Conventions page 35
2- Individually, expand the simple sentences below
by adding details to create compound, complex,
and compound-complex sentences.
1.Madeline wanders in a distant hallway.
2.Usher sings a melancholy song.

10. Relative Clause
A relative clause starts with a relative pronoun.
A relative clause gives more information about the
noun or pronoun in the main clause.
•Example:
London, which is the largest city
in the UK, is a popular place.

11. 1- A relative pronoun: who, whom, which, that, whose.
Example: “The man who wears a jacket is a famous writer."
Relative clauses can be introduced by:

12. 2- A relative adverb: where, why and when.
Example: " The restaurant where I have dinner is nice."
Relative clauses can be introduced by:

13. 3- None of them: (relative pronoun can be omitted)
Example: “The man I met is extremely wealthy."
Relative clauses can be introduced by:
The man whom I met is extremely wealthy.

14. They are used to provide extra information.
How To Use Relative Clauses
Defining Clause
Example:
The girl who is
standing there is a
world champion in
karate.
non-defining clause (unnecessary
information)
Example:
Michael Jackson, who was a
famous singer, died of an
overdose.

15. Restrictive Relative Clauses
1. Restrictive (identifying or defining) relative clauses give
detailed necessary information. They are not put between commas.
Example: I know a place where you can hide your treasure.
2. These clauses are often used in definitions.
Example: A novelist is someone who writes novels.
3. Object pronouns in these clauses can be omitted (dropped.)
Example: The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is from New York.

16. Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses
Non- restrictive (non-identifying or non- defining) relative
clauses give interesting additional information which is not
necessary to the meaning of the sentence. These clauses are
put between commas.
Example:
Martin Luther king, who was known for his fight for the civil
rights, was assassinated in 1968.

17. Saturday, Novem
ber 23, 2024
Practice: Identify the relative clause in
the following sentences.
The Vikings, who travelled in longboats, came
from Scandinavia.
Light rays, which come from a light source,
travel in a straight line.
The lost ship and its treasure that had fallen in
the ocean were never found again.

18. Saturday, Novem
ber 23, 2024
Answers
The Vikings, who travelled in longboats, came
from Scandinavia.
Light rays, which come from a light source,
travel in a straight line.
The lost ship and its treasure that had fallen in
the ocean were never found again.