The document discusses global warming and its causes. It defines global warming as the increasing of the average temperature of the earth, which is caused by both natural events and human activities such as burning fossil fuels. It describes how global warming is leading to impacts like rising sea levels from melting ice, shifting weather patterns, and threatened plant and animal species. Finally, it presents some solutions to address global warming through reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy use, transportation, deforestation, and developing renewable energy and other low-carbon technologies.
a detailed compilation of global warming- definition, history of discovery, causes, proposed alternative causation theory, green house gases and their potential, current GHGs production rate of India, effects of Global warming, methods to prevent and international protocols applied for GHGs reduction.
A decent presentaion on global warming
the temprature slide is a video .Plays in powerpoint and wps ppt .Except powerpoint 7
if it still does not plays leave your email in comment section i will mail as soon as possible
a detailed compilation of global warming- definition, history of discovery, causes, proposed alternative causation theory, green house gases and their potential, current GHGs production rate of India, effects of Global warming, methods to prevent and international protocols applied for GHGs reduction.
A decent presentaion on global warming
the temprature slide is a video .Plays in powerpoint and wps ppt .Except powerpoint 7
if it still does not plays leave your email in comment section i will mail as soon as possible
The presentation talks about Global Warming and its consequences in India. The presentation even includes topic like Enviornmental Refugee, Carbon Foot Prints etc. A social Work Perspective is there.
The Presentation is about Global Warming that is the most top matters which currently discuses in United Nation and all around the world, All countries around the world should work on this subject to prevent global warming and keep the earth gold based on rules and regulations govern by United Nation
this slide was compteted by our group members. they are hazirah, syuzeliana,hafizah, fatimah and me... just as exercise for lsp 402 from e. sofwan..huhu
The presentation talks about Global Warming and its consequences in India. The presentation even includes topic like Enviornmental Refugee, Carbon Foot Prints etc. A social Work Perspective is there.
The Presentation is about Global Warming that is the most top matters which currently discuses in United Nation and all around the world, All countries around the world should work on this subject to prevent global warming and keep the earth gold based on rules and regulations govern by United Nation
this slide was compteted by our group members. they are hazirah, syuzeliana,hafizah, fatimah and me... just as exercise for lsp 402 from e. sofwan..huhu
here you will get each and every thing you need in global enviromental issue . they are enviromental problems. they are futher divide in sub parts global warming, acid rain,ozone layer depletion etc.. you would get some thing which will help you to make your ppt more interesting.
Effect of global warming PPT EVS
effect of global warming ppt ,effect of global warming ,evs project ,ppt on evs project ,evs project on global warming ,natural resources evs ppt ,project report on evs ,global warming topics
Welcome to this in-depth article on global warming, a topic of utmost importance in today's world. Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In this article, we will explore the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to address this pressing issue. So, let's dive in and learn more about the impact of global warming on our planet.
Global warming is a significant environmental concern that has captured the attention of scientists, policymakers, and the general public. It is caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space, leading to a rise in global temperatures.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
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Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The systemâs unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called âsmallâ because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
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As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical marketâwhich includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutritionâis growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leberâs hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendelâs laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four Oâclock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
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Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other  chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released. Â
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules -Â a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.Â
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to âburnâ the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP.  Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.Â
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.Â
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 â 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : Â cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
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Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...SĂŠrgio Sacani
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We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4â0.9Âľm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8â5Âľm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3Âľm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as â 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5Ď, r = 0.1â circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 â 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 âź 50 â 200pc, stellar masses of
Mâ âź 107â108Mâ, and star-formation rates of SFR âź 0.1â1 Mâ yrâ1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of âź 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
3. global warming 3
1. Enter
2. Definition
3. Climate change & global
warming
â˘Whatâs the global warming?
â˘What causes it? Whatâs itâs effects?
â˘Is it really happening?
â˘Can we stop it?
4. global warming 4
1. Enter
2. Definition
3. Climate change & global
warming
Global warming is the increasing of
the average temperature of the earth
(15°C), Which is actually caused by
natural and human events that are
believed to be contribute to increase
in average temperature.
showing
symbolically how
global warming is
causing the earth
to melt
5. global warming 5
1. Enter
2. Definition
3. Climate change & global
warming
Credit: NASA/Earth Observatory.Joshua Stevens.
6. global warming 6
1. Enter
2. Definition
3. Climate change & global
warming
Climate Change
ďis a broader term
that refers to long-
term changes in
climate, including
average temperature
and precipitation.
Global Warming
ď is the increase of
the Earthâs average
surface temperature
due to a build-up of
greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere.
7. global warming 7
1. Natural causes
⢠Volcanic eruption
⢠Water vapor
⢠Solar activity
⢠Ocean currents
2. Human-made causes Natural
causes
Solar
activity
Oceans
currents
Volcanic
eruption
Water
vapor
8. global warming 8
1. Natural causes
⢠Volcanic eruption
⢠Water vapor
⢠Solar activity
⢠Ocean currents
2. Human-made causes
9. global warming 9
1. Natural causes
⢠Volcanic eruption
⢠Water vapor
⢠Solar activity
⢠Ocean currents
2. Human-made causes
10. global warming 10
1. Natural causes
⢠Volcanic eruption
⢠Water vapor
⢠Solar activity
⢠Ocean currents
2. Human-made causes
11. global warming 11
1. Natural causes
⢠Volcanic eruption
⢠Water vapor
⢠Solar activity
⢠Ocean currents
2. Human-made causes
34. global warming 34
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
35. global warming 35
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
36. global warming 36
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
37. global warming 37
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
38. global warming 38
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
39. global warming 39
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
40. global warming 40
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
41. global warming 41
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
42. global warming 42
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
43. global warming 43
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness
44. global warming 44
1. Use of energy efficient
products
2. Adopt to nuclear
3. Passing out fossil
fuels
4. Put off gadgets
5. Stop deforestation
6. Use of public
transportation
7. Explore renewable
sources
8. Pushing for tough
standards
9. Developing low
carbon technologies
10.Creation of awareness