1) JFK was elected in 1960, becoming the youngest ever U.S. president. 2) His New Frontier programs aimed to improve the economy, assist the poor, advance space exploration, and increase international aid. 3) The failed Bay of Pigs invasion damaged America's reputation.

1. Goal 11 Part 3
JFK Presidency 1960-1963

2. Election of 1960
 John F. Kennedy (DEM.)
defeated Richard M. Nixon (REP)
Reasons:
(1) JFK supported Civil Rights Movement
(2) First televised debates
1960 election:
Closest in History

3. Kennedy’s Domestic / Foreign Policy
***************** New Frontier ******************
- programs to (1) improve the economy, (2) assist the poor (3)
advance the American space program and (4) international
aid
Best and the Brightest – JFK's advisors
Flexible response: Kennedy’s plan to
take money out of Nuclear warheads
and put it in military = Green Berets
(Downsizing nuclear warfare)
Complete opposite of Eisenhower

4. Crisis in Cuba
 Fidel Castro –
was openly a communist and
welcomed support from the Soviet Union
 How Castro take over in Cuba
 Promise of democracy
to the Cuban people/ could
end poverty and many other
problems
 Leads a revolution over Batista (1959)

5. ***** THE BAY OF PIGS ******
(1961) - Kennedy
 A “FAILED” / “Miscalculated” invasion of
Cuba to overthrow Castro
 Effect: made America look BAD!!!

6. CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS
 Situation: Soviet Union
had missiles stationed in Cuba
 Result: AMERICAN HYSTERIA / PANIC
 Response: America put missiles in Turkey
*2 Countries that were “directly” connected to
the Cuban Missile Crisis
(1) Soviet Union
(2) U.S.
 NOT CUBA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

8. Foreign problems with JFK
 Bay of Pigs
 Cuban Missile Crisis
*Berlin Wall = 1961
increased tensions in
Europe
(physical Iron curtain?)
Purpose: to stop
“refugees” from EAST Berlin fleeing into WEST Berlin
(East Berliners wanted to be free of Communism)
*Ugly symbol of Communism – Berlin Wall is
destroyed in 1989

10. Ways to ease the tension in the Cold
War / Kennedy and Khrushchev
(1) Hot Line
direct phone line between S.U. and U.S.
(2) Limited Test Ban Treaty
banning above-ground testing of nuclear
weapons (U.S. and S.U.)

11. New Frontier (Space program)
Space Program
- NASA-
* Created as a result of the launching of SPUTNIK
Yuri Gagarin = (1st human in space) – S.U.
Alan Shepard (1st American in space)
RACE to the MOON
- U.S. wins = Neil Armstrong (1st man on the moon)
MAJOR RESULT: Colleges and universities all over
America increased their emphasis on science and other
courses that could advance America (in that nature)

12. Kennedy’s New Frontier
 Point: to address POVERTY abroad
(International Aid)
(1) Peace Corps
- a program of volunteer assistance to the
developing countries in Asia, Africa, and
Latin America (HUGE SUCCESS)
(2) Alliance for Progress
- another foreign aid program
PURPOSE: Improve relations with
Latin America
*BOTH = THINK John F. Kennedy

13. Tragedy in Dallas
 November 22, 1963 (JFK is assassinated)
 Lee Harvey Oswald
 Communist living in Cuba, was arrested
Oswald = shot and killed by Jack Ruby (nightclub owner) while he
was being transferred to prison
*** Warren Commission ***
- investigative agency on the JFK assassination
(ton of conspiracies)

15. Explain “ONE” major result of each event listed below:
(Keep it simply accurate)
Kennedy election in 1960
Kennedy’s “New Frontier”
Bay of Pigs invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall construction
Peace Corps / Alliance for Progress
U.S. Victory in Race to the Moon
Johnson’s Great Society