carbohydrate , carbohydrate cycle , glycolysis , glycogenolysis ,

1. Glycolysis, glycogenesis, and
glycogenolysis
1. Embden-Meyerhoff pathway (glycolysis)
1. Blood glucose uptake
2. Lactate metabolism
2. Glycogenesis (glycogen formation)
3. Glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown)
1. Regulation of glycogenolysis
2. Glycogen use during exercise

2. Glycolysis
Brooks et al.

3. Glycolysis
Thong et al., Physiology
20: 271, 2005
Glucose uptake:
role of insulin

4. Glycolysis
Glucose uptake:
role of insulin

5. Glycolysis
Rose and Richter, Physiology 20: 260, 2005
Glucose uptake:
role of exercise

6. Glycolysis
Brooks et al.

7. Glycolysis
Murray et al., Harper’s Biochemistry,
Lange, 1996
Functions of glycolysis:
1. Produce pyruvate/lactate
(oxidative substrates)
2. Produce small amount of
ATP (2-3 net)
3. Produce small amount of
H+ (2 pairs)

8. Glycolysis
Brooks et al.

9. Glycolysis
Juel and Halestrap, J Physiol
: 633, 2000
Shuttles for moving
reducing equivalents
from the sarcoplasm
into the mitochondria:
a. Malate-aspartate
shuttle
b. Glycerol phosphate
shuttle
c. (Intracellular) Lactate
shuttle
mMCT – mitochondrial
monocarboxylate
transporter

10. Glycolysis
(Extracellular) lactate shuttle

11. Glycolysis
Cori cycle

12. Glycolysis
Seeherman et al., Resp Physiol 44: 11, 1981
Blood lactate during exercise

13. Glycolysis
Blood lactate
during exercise

14. Glycogenesis

15. Glycogenesis
Glycogen synthase b
(inactive)
(epinephrine, Ca2+)
↕
Glycogen synthase a
(active)
(insulin,↑ G-6-P)

16. Glycogenesis
Hultman et al., Muscle Metabolism during Exercise, Plenum, 1971

17. Glycogenesis
Åstrand, Textbook of Work Physiology, McGraw-Hill, 1970

18. Glycogenesis
Åstrand, Textbook of Work Physiology, McGraw-Hill, 1970

19. Phosphorylase a regulation:
1. Pi**
2. Ca2+*
3. Catecholamine
Phosphorylase b regulation:
1. 5'-AMP

20. Glycogenolysis
Phosphorylase regulation:
1. Pi**
2. Ca2+*
3. Catecholamine
Phosphorylase b regulation:
1. 5'-AMP

21. Glycogenolysis
Brooks et al. 2nd ed., 1996
Glycogen use during exercise

22. Saltin and Gollnick, Exercise, Nutrition, and Energy Metabolism, Macmillan, 1988
Glycogen use during exercise

23. Glycogenolysis
Wilmore and Costill,
Physiology of Sport and
Exercise, Human Kinetics,
2004
Glycogen use during exercise:
histochemical myosin ATPase
and periodic acid-Schiffs
stains

24. Glycogenolysis
Saltin and Gollnick, Exercise, Nutrition, and Energy Metabolism, Macmillan, 1988
Glycogen use during exercise

25. thanks