this is a short description about the relationship between insulin and glucose ... hope u enjoyed it

1. THE
STORY OF
GLUCOSE
AND
INSULIN
“Let us all be thankful for those, who help us achieve
our goals “

2.  The journey of our hero..
 Who is going to help our hero???
 How is it going to help our hero????

3. THE JOURNEY OF
OUR HERO

4. This is gonna help our hero !
. Insulin is a protein hormone
.Secretion by the beta cells of langerhans
.Major targets - liver, adipose tissue , and muscle
.INSULIN IS AN IMPORTANT ANABOLIC
HORMONE
Crystallization requires Zn
Has two peptide chains A and B chains (51 amino
acids – 21 A chain and 30 B chain )
Plasma level -0.3 to 2 ng/ml
Molecular weight – 12000 to 48000

6. DIRECT HELP
When insulin binds to the receptors sites :
1.A confirmation change of the receptor
2.The receptor cross links and forms
microaggregates
3.The receptor complex is internalized
4.One or more signal is generated
Various mechanisms proposed
1. Role of cyclic AMP
2. Role of cyclic GMP
3. Role of protein phosphatases
4. Action through tyrosine kinase activity
5. Role in m- RNA translation
6. Role in gene expression

7. MECHANISM OF ACTION

9. Glucose ruhes in !!!!
Later cascade of reactions take place
And this brings the GLUT transporters
To the surface

10. Role of protein phosphatases (by protein phosphatase 1)
1.activate: glycogen synthase-dephosphorylation activates it.
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
2.Inactivation : phosphorylase enzyme
triacyglycerol kinase
Role in m RNA translation
Insulin is known to affect about 50 different types of protiens in a variety of
Tissues and many of these involve covalent modification
Role on gene expression
Affects the rate of transcription of specific genes
Ex : decreses : phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK)
(gluconeogenesis)
increases: phosphofructokinase
pyruvate kinase (glycolysis)

11. Metabolic role of insulin
NET EFFECT is
1. Lowering of blood glucose
2. Increase glycogen store
Action on carbohydrate metabolism
1.Increases glucose uptake
by GLUT transporters and synthesis of glucokinase
2.Increases glycolysis
induces the synthesis of PFK1 and pyruvate kinase
3. Increases conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA
dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase conversion

12. 4. Stimulates glycogenesis
by dephosphorylation of key and rate limiting
GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE
5.Decreases gluconeogenesis
repressing the synthesis of PEPCK
inhibits allosterically F1,6 bis phosphatase
6.Decreses glycogenolysis
dephosphorylating glycogen phosphorylase
and also glucose 6 phosphate
7.Increasing HMP shunt
Hmp stimulation causes more and more NADPH
by inducing the synthesis of glucose 6 phosphate
dehydrogenase

14. THE END
And now with the help of insulin glucose has
made its way into the cell