The document discusses globalization and its effects at various levels. It defines globalization as the international integration arising from the interchange of views, products, ideas and culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunication have been major factors in increasing globalization. Globalization occurs at the world level through international relations between countries, at the country level through integration with the world, and at the industry and firm levels through technological advancement and international connections.

1. SUBMITTEDTO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
MRS NIRUPINDER KAUR
SNEH LATA SINHA (13339)

2. The term Globalization refers to processes of
international integration arising from the
interchange of view point, products, ideas, and
other aspects of culture.Advances in
transportation and
telecommunication, infrastructure, including the
rise of the telegraph and its posterity the
Internet, are major factors in globalization,
generating further interdependence of
economic and cultural activities.

3.  More financial benefits
 To reduce the cost of production
 Shrinking of time and distance
 Growth potential of foreign markets
 Demand constraints in the domestic
markets

4.  Nationality of the companies
 Effects of liberalization
 Spin off benefits of globalization
 High tech industries

5. 1. Exports
2. Licensing and franchising
3. Contract manufacturing
4. Management contracting
5. Fully owned manufacturing
facilities
6. Assembly operations
7. Joint ventures
8. Mergers and acquisition
9. Strategic alliance
10. Counter trade

6.  World Level Globalization
There would be no globalization of the world if
all the countries live in autarky. Globalization process
begins with inter economic, social and political
relations between countries.
 Country Level Globalization
Globalization of a country is indicated by the
extent to which it is integrated with rest of the world.
There are various inter-linkages through which a large
number of cross border transactions are generated.

7.  Industry Level Globalization
Within a country, a few specific industries might
be operating at the global level. Such industries have
a high degree of technological advancement .
 Firm Level Globalization
These firms have high level of technological
development, strong competitive advantages,
international outsourcing connections.These firms
find entry to foreign markets through exporting, joint
ventures.

8.  Industry Level Globalization
Within a country, a few specific industries might be
operating at the global level. Such industries have a high
degree of technological advancement .
Firm Level Globalization
These firms have high level of technological
development, strong competitive advantages, international
outsourcing connections.These firms find entry to foreign
markets through exporting, joint ventures.

9.  External Commercial Borrowings
ECB’s are an important and emerging
facilitating globalization of the corporate
organizations as well as the economy as a
whole.The main guiding principles of the policy
towards ECB.
a) To obtain the borrowings at lowest possible
rates with least transaction cost.
b) To keep long maturity periods so that the
burden is spread over a number of years.

10.  There has been gradual movement towards
rupee convertibility. Rupee convertibility
means to the convertibility of rupee in a
foreign currency for certain permitted
categories of external transactions. Rupee
was made partially convertible on trade
account with effect from the year 1993-94.

11.  In order to increase the export- GDP ratio.
These include a reduction in export credit
rates, both pre-shipment and post-shipment,
higher duty drawback rates on a large
number of export items, abolition of value
items.

12. Competitive
Larger Markets
Greater Specialization
International Investment Inflow
Technological Gains