Global research trend and where we are: A comparitive presentation to shows the global research height and Nepal movement towards it.

1. Global Research Trend:
Where we are?
Dirgha Raj Joshi
PhD Scholar, Medicinal Chemistry, Yonsei University
Email:djmeropaila121@yonsei.ac.kr
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0303-5677
Web of Science Researcher ID: N-3616-2019
Date. 2020/05/10
जुन देशका युवाले आफ्नो देशमा भववष्य देख्दैनन ्
त्यो देशको भववष्य कहिल्यै उज्जोल िुदैन:
Let’s try to see as much as possibilities in our own Mother land

2. This presentation was
delivered to around
150 students of B.
pharm, M. pharm and
other Health
professionals,
Organized by CAPS and
Analog on May 10,
2020 (12:00 to 14:00
NPT).

3. Global Research Trends in infectious diseases
Let’s start with…

4. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/infographic-global-research-trends-in-infectious-disease

5. https://www.elsevier.com/connect/infographic-global-research-trends-in-infectious-disease

6. Category Death
SARS 813
Influenza A 284,000
MERS 912
Ebola 11,300
Zica 76
Corona > 280,147
https://www.elsevier.com/connect/infographic-global-research-trends-in-infectious-disease

7. Wikipedia

8. Role of Publications

9. List of countries by number of scientific and technical journal articles
Country Articles published (2016)
China 426,165
USA 408,985
UK 97,527
Japan 96,536
South Korea 63,063
India 110,320
Australia 51,068
Nepal 549
Why to publish?
Nepalese Journal?
Predatory Journals?
Level of research we can do?
Can u think for Patent?

10. Predatory Journals?
https://predatoryjournals.com/about/

11. The Indian agency hired a US patent lawyer and spent $15,000 to fight the case, which it
supported with documents ranging from scientific publications to books on home remedies
and ancient Ayurvedic texts on Indian systems of medicine.
US patent office withdraws patent on Indian herb
https://www.nature.com/articles/37838.pdf
Earlier efforts by an international coalition of environmentalists to get the US patents on
products of the neem tree cancelled ended in failure (Nature377, 95; 1995)
In cooperation with other agencies, the CSIR has already launched a program to analyze 490
medicinal plants and place the information on CD-ROM. This will be made available to
European and US patent offices as a reference guide
A lesson for US

12. Journal of Nepal Pharmaceutical Association (NPA)

13. CAPS

14. Use your brain and sell your innovation to make money
Patent
जुन देशका युवाले आफ्नो देशमा भववष्य देख्दैनन्
त्यो देशको भववष्य कहिल्यै उज्जोल िुदैन:
Let’s try to see as much as possibilities in our own Mother land

15. Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology
Ramon Magsaysay Award
https://nyti.ms/2ltW3Gd
What we can learn from our Ideal person like Dr. S. Ruit..

16. National Innovation Center
Mahabir Pun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabir_Pun

17. Where we are Now?
Let’s see global research output and leading institutions

18. List of countries by R&D spending
Country Expenditure in R&D (billion $) % of GDP
China 553.4 2.2
USA 511.1 2.7
EU 379 1.6
Japan 165.7 3.1
S. Korea 91.6 4.3
India 66.5 0.85
Australia 23.3 2.1
Nepal 0.089 Below 0.3
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_research_and_development_spending

19. World research center ranking
http://research.webometrics.info/en/world
CAS
NASA
NIH

20. http://research.webometrics.info/en/world
Top Research center in Korea

21. http://research.webometrics.info/en/world
Top Research center in India Top Research center in Pakistan

22. http://research.webometrics.info/en/world
Top Research center in Bangladesh Top Research center in Indonesia

23. Nepal in World research center ranking
http://research.webometrics.info/en/world

24. Top Research Centers by Google Scholar Citations
http://research.webometrics.info/en/node/61

25. University by Research Spending
The research budget of Nepal is just 1.5 % of Johns Hopkins University’s research spend

26. America’s Top 10 Universities In Research And Development Spending In 2017
Source: https://ceoworld.biz/2018/11/30/americas-top-100-universities-in-research-and-development-spending-in-2017/

27. Source: University Website https://www.harvard.edu/

28. Research funding for regular full-time faculty in South Korea in 2017
(in billion South Korean won)
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/877927/south-korea-higher-education-institutions-with-most-research-funding-for-full-time-faculty/
For further research information
of Korea go through below link
http://www.nrf.re.kr/eng/index

29. Country GDP $ billion (2019)
China 14,216.5
USA 21,429
Japan 5,154.5
South Korea 1,629.5
India 2,972
Nepal 29.8
Lets think in 2019 S. Korea GDP is 1629 billion $, where as Nepal is 29.8 $ (1.8% of
Koreas GDP).
Again think Korea spend around 5% of its annual budget in research which is double than
the Nepal’s national budget and private sector invest more money in research than the
Government.
What we can learn?

30. Country R&D Spending as %
of GDP
No. of researchers per million
inhabitants
Male to female
ratio
USA 2.7 4204 n/a
S. Korea 4.3 6826 82: 18
Nepal 0.3 n/a 92:8
Do you Want to be a researcher???

31. Source: 1960 and 2018 CRS analysis of U.S. , Office of Technology Policy, Department of Commerce.
U.S. Share of Global R&D

32. Countries with the Highest Expenditure on R&D, 2018 (in billions of
current PPP dollars)
Source: CRS analysis of Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation, OECD. Stat database,
https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=MSTI_PUB.

33. What Nepalese Pharmaceutical industries and other business organization should learn?

34. Category S. Korea Nepal
Area 100,363 km2 147,181 km2
Population 51,709,098 28,095,714
GDP per capita $31,246 $1,048
HDI 0.906 0.579
Annual budget 2019 $417.6 billion $13.7 billion
Research invest % ~ 4.5% < 0.3%
No. of University Pvt.=179, Gov.= 43 10
Belongs to ACD, G20, OECD BIMSTEC, SAARC
https://countryeconomy.com/countries/compare/nepal/south-korea
Korea vs Nepal

35. https://www.kias.org.np/about
Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences
Nepal research alliance (NRA)
https://www.facebook.com/nepal.research.alliance/videos/177070216889424/
Nepal Centre for Contemporary Research (NCCR)
http://www.nccr.org.np/about
Center for Health and Disease Studies - Nepal – (CHDS)
https://www.chdsnepal.org/
Neeti Anusandhan Pratishthan, Nepal (NeNAP)
https://nenap.weebly.com/
Nepal Development Research Institute (NDRI)
http://www.ndri.org.np/who-we-are/about-us/
Phutung Research Institute (PRI)
www.pinstitute.org
KATHMANDU RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES (KRIBS)
https://kribs.org.np/
Growing research Institutes in Nepal

36. Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology (RIBB) Estd. in 2011
https://www.facebook.com/ribbnepal/
NAAMI
https://www.naamii.com.np/

37. National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, 2019
NEPAL

38. 1. Korea: world's biggest investor in research
http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2017/07/162_233540.html
Concept: Korea-Nepal Research Laboratory on Hydropower/Health/Agriculture.
2. Message to President Moon
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2019/07/198_257259.html
Concept: Korea-Nepal Research Institute (KNRI),
America-Nepal Research Institute (ANRI),
China-Nepal Research Institute (CNRI)
3. Moving ahead; https://kathmandupost.com/opinion/2015/12/29/moving-ahead
4. My dream; https://thehimalayantimes.com/opinion/topics-my-dream/
5. Legalize Cannabis in Nepal to improve Health and Economy
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/legalize-cannabis-nepal-improve-health-economy-dirgha-raj-joshi/
7. USA- Research Journey and Lesson to other: An unstable mind
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/usa-research-journey-lesson-other-unstable-mind-dirgha-raj-joshi/
6. Pharmaceutical Research and Development University Needed
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/pharmaceutical-research-development-university-needed-joshi/
If u have time please check My some articles
8. Covid-19 response: Can Nepal learn from South Korea?
https://english.onlinekhabar.com/covid-19-response-can-nepal-learn-from-south-korea.html

39. Pharma Innovation

40. https://www.fiercebiotech.com/special-report/top-10-pharma-r-d-budgets-2018

41. https://www.proclinical.com/blogs/2019-3/the-top-10-pharmaceutical-companies-in-the-world-2019

42. What we need to do and learn
• Infrastructure development
• Patent policy (USA issue patent on 1641 and Nepal develop patent policy in 1965)
• Organizational autonomy
• Collaboration among research institutes, Nepalese and foreign Universities, NAST, NHRC, etc.
• Establish national research Centre in each province
• Establish high level research environment in Universities.
• Research funding to professor
• Private business enterprises investment in research
• Improve quality of our Journals, research and upgrade knowledge of our researchers
• Commercialize our traditional practices via research and innovation
• A theme for Nation’s development: Prosperity via innovation

43. Hope and Conclusion
Brain gain center (BCG)
https://mofa.gov.np/request-to-enroll-in-brain-gain-center-bgc/
NEPAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (NAST)
http://www.nast.gov.np/
Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC)
http://nhrc.gov.np/
University Grants Commission
http://www.ugcnepal.edu.np/
Various Universities
Government, private and public research institute
AND
You….yes you are the key to open the locked one……..
Good luck…

44. इति िे ज्ञानमाख्यािं गुह्याद्गुह्यिरं मया |
विमृश्यैिदशेषेण यथेच्छसि िथा क
ु रु ||
Bhagavad Gita: Chapter 18, Verse 63
Meaning: Thus, I have explained to you this
knowledge that is more secret than all secrets.
Ponder over it deeply, and then do as you wish.
जुन देशका युवाले आफ्नो देशमा भववष्य देख्दैनन्
त्यो देशको भववष्य कहिल्यै उज्जोल िुदैन:
Let’s try to see as much as possibilities in our own Mother land