Glaucoma Treatment & Mydriatics
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M SA 3s presentation about effect of mydriatic drugs and two drugs used for glaucoma treatment, Timolol & Dorzolamide.
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Drugs for glaucoma
This document discusses different types and treatments of glaucoma. It describes open angle glaucoma as a genetically predisposed degenerative disease affecting the trabecular meshwork that causes the intraocular pressure to rise insidiously. The main drug classes used to treat glaucoma are discussed, including beta blockers like timolol and betaxolol, alpha agonists like dipivefrine and brimonidine, prostaglandin analogues like latanoprost and travoprost, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Miotic drugs are also mentioned. Angle closure glaucoma is characterized by a narrow iridocorneal angle that can cause rapid rises in pressure, and its treatment
Drugs for glaucoma
Glaucoma definition,its types and different pharmacological and therapeutic approaches to treat Glaucoma
Adrenergic drugs drugs for glaucoma
Glaucoma is a progressive optic nerve damage generally associated with raised intraocular pressure. The main treatment is to lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production or promoting drainage. Common drug classes for glaucoma treatment include beta-adrenergic blockers, alpha-adrenergic agonists, prostaglandin analogs, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These drugs work to lower intraocular pressure by various mechanisms like reducing aqueous humor formation or increasing outflow facility. Side effects of drugs can include ocular issues like stinging or systemic effects like bronchospasm.
pharmacotherapy in glaucoma
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. It begins by introducing glaucoma as a group of ocular disorders united by intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy. It then covers the classification and mechanisms of action of various topical and systemic glaucoma drugs. The topical drugs discussed include cholinergic agents, adrenergic agonists, beta blockers, prostaglandin analogs, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mechanisms of these drugs include decreasing aqueous production and increasing outflow through different pathways. Side effects of the various drug classes are also summarized.
Medical Treatment for Glaucoma
This document discusses various medical treatments for glaucoma, including topical eye drop medications from different drug classes. It describes the mechanisms of action, administration, efficacy and side effects of prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-2 agonists, miotics, osmotic agents, and some combination drug preparations. The document provides detailed information on commonly used glaucoma drugs to help clinicians select appropriate treatment options based on a patient's needs and risk factors.
Glaucoma 2011
glaucoma diagnosis and treatment
prepared by Hardi Sdiq
university of sulaimani
college of pharmacy
Glaucoma Treatment
Glaucoma treatment aims to lower elevated eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage. Treatment may involve prescription eye drops or surgery. The main treatments are prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which work by reducing fluid buildup in the eye. Eye drops are usually the first approach but sometimes multiple drugs are combined or surgery is needed. Lowering eye pressure through medication or surgery can help reduce glaucoma risk and vision loss if treatment begins early. Lifestyle changes like exercise may also help control eye pressure.
Antiglucoma medications
This document summarizes various classes of anti-glaucoma medications, including their mechanisms of action and examples of drugs. It focuses on prostaglandins, describing how latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost work. It also discusses adrenergic medications, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergic drugs, and hyperosmotic agents for treating glaucoma. Side effects are provided for each class.
Recommended
Drugs for glaucoma
This document discusses different types and treatments of glaucoma. It describes open angle glaucoma as a genetically predisposed degenerative disease affecting the trabecular meshwork that causes the intraocular pressure to rise insidiously. The main drug classes used to treat glaucoma are discussed, including beta blockers like timolol and betaxolol, alpha agonists like dipivefrine and brimonidine, prostaglandin analogues like latanoprost and travoprost, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Miotic drugs are also mentioned. Angle closure glaucoma is characterized by a narrow iridocorneal angle that can cause rapid rises in pressure, and its treatment
Drugs for glaucoma
Glaucoma definition,its types and different pharmacological and therapeutic approaches to treat Glaucoma
Adrenergic drugs drugs for glaucoma
Glaucoma is a progressive optic nerve damage generally associated with raised intraocular pressure. The main treatment is to lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production or promoting drainage. Common drug classes for glaucoma treatment include beta-adrenergic blockers, alpha-adrenergic agonists, prostaglandin analogs, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These drugs work to lower intraocular pressure by various mechanisms like reducing aqueous humor formation or increasing outflow facility. Side effects of drugs can include ocular issues like stinging or systemic effects like bronchospasm.
pharmacotherapy in glaucoma
This document discusses the pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. It begins by introducing glaucoma as a group of ocular disorders united by intraocular pressure-associated optic neuropathy. It then covers the classification and mechanisms of action of various topical and systemic glaucoma drugs. The topical drugs discussed include cholinergic agents, adrenergic agonists, beta blockers, prostaglandin analogs, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The mechanisms of these drugs include decreasing aqueous production and increasing outflow through different pathways. Side effects of the various drug classes are also summarized.
Medical Treatment for Glaucoma
This document discusses various medical treatments for glaucoma, including topical eye drop medications from different drug classes. It describes the mechanisms of action, administration, efficacy and side effects of prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha-2 agonists, miotics, osmotic agents, and some combination drug preparations. The document provides detailed information on commonly used glaucoma drugs to help clinicians select appropriate treatment options based on a patient's needs and risk factors.
Glaucoma 2011
glaucoma diagnosis and treatment
prepared by Hardi Sdiq
university of sulaimani
college of pharmacy
Glaucoma Treatment
Glaucoma treatment aims to lower elevated eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage. Treatment may involve prescription eye drops or surgery. The main treatments are prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which work by reducing fluid buildup in the eye. Eye drops are usually the first approach but sometimes multiple drugs are combined or surgery is needed. Lowering eye pressure through medication or surgery can help reduce glaucoma risk and vision loss if treatment begins early. Lifestyle changes like exercise may also help control eye pressure.
Antiglucoma medications
This document summarizes various classes of anti-glaucoma medications, including their mechanisms of action and examples of drugs. It focuses on prostaglandins, describing how latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost work. It also discusses adrenergic medications, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholinergic drugs, and hyperosmotic agents for treating glaucoma. Side effects are provided for each class.
Glaucoma management,dr.a.r.rajalakhmi,11.05.16
Management of glaucoma aims to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) through various treatment modalities including medications, laser procedures, and surgery. Medications work by decreasing aqueous production or increasing outflow, with prostaglandin analogues and beta-blockers being first-line options. Laser trabeculoplasty and iridotomy can improve outflow and treat angle closure glaucoma. When medical management fails, trabeculectomy creates a fistula to lower IOP through filtration surgery. The document provides details on mechanisms, examples, dosages, and side effects of different glaucoma treatment classes and options.
Glaucoma 4 therapy of glaucomas, dr.k.n.jha,09.11.16
This document discusses the management of glaucomas. The key points covered are: the goals of glaucoma therapy which are to preserve vision by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) with minimal side effects; medical therapies include eye drops that work by various mechanisms to lower IOP such as beta-blockers, parasympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues; surgical options include trabeculectomy which creates a fistula to drain aqueous humor from the anterior chamber externally to lower IOP; complications of glaucoma treatments can include side effects of medications or issues following surgery like infection and hypotony.
Medical Treatment of Glaucoma
The document discusses various medical treatments for glaucoma, including different drug classes and their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications and side effects. It provides detailed information on adrenergic agonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and combined medications used to treat glaucoma. Key points covered include how the drugs work to lower intraocular pressure, when they should and should not be used, and common adverse effects.
Medical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma
The document discusses goals and approaches for treating glaucoma. The primary goal is lowering intraocular pressure to reduce risk of vision loss. Medical approaches include various drug classes that decrease aqueous production or increase outflow, while surgical options are considered when pressure cannot be controlled through medical therapy alone. Follow-up care involves regular exams and testing to monitor pressure and disease stability.
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
This document provides an overview of glaucoma, including its anatomy, pathophysiology, classification, and pharmacological treatment. Glaucoma involves progressive optic neuropathy and vision loss due to increased intraocular pressure. It is classified into primary and secondary types. The main drugs used for treatment are prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha agonists, cholinergic agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which work to reduce aqueous humor production or increase outflow. Emerging therapies aim to provide neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells. Surgery may also be used in some cases.
BETA -BLOCKERS AND GLAUCOMA
This document discusses beta-blockers and their uses in glaucoma. It first classifies beta-blockers as non-selective or cardioselective. It then discusses their mechanisms of action and indications, including hypertension, angina, heart arrhythmias, heart failure, and glaucoma. For glaucoma specifically, it explains that beta-blockers work by reducing aqueous humor production and intraocular pressure. Timolol is noted as the prototype beta-blocker preferred for ophthalmic use. The document also summarizes other drug classes used for glaucoma like prostaglandin analogues, alpha-agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and parasympathomimetics.
Newer drugs in Glaucoma Mangement
This document discusses new drugs and therapies for glaucoma that are currently in development. It outlines several novel drug targets and mechanisms of action that are being investigated, including ROCK inhibitors, adenosine receptor agonists, BkCa channel modulators, siRNAs, cannabinoids, and local calcium channel blockers. It also discusses neuroprotective strategies such as antioxidants, memantine, neurotrophic growth factors, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy that aim to prevent further neural damage in glaucoma. Overall, the document provides an overview of the many innovative approaches that are being researched to better treat glaucoma beyond current first-line therapies.
3 4 cholinergic pharmacology younus h johan 2016
This document discusses drugs used to treat glaucoma, including cholinergic agents, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, prostaglandins, diuretics, and anticholinergic drugs. Cholinergic agents like pilocarpine work by improving aqueous humor drainage to lower intraocular pressure. Beta-blockers like timolol and alpha agonists like brimonidine decrease aqueous humor production. Prostaglandins increase outflow through the uveoscleral pathway. Diuretics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors lower production of aqueous humor. Anticholinergic drugs are used for mydriasis, cycloplegia, peptic ulcers, and urinary disorders.
REVIEW OF ANTIGLAUCOMATOUS DRUGS
The document discusses various classes of medications used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure, including beta-blockers, parasympathomimetics, adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, common medications, dosages, efficacy and side effects for each class. Beta-blockers such as timolol work by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye. Parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine increase outflow of aqueous humor through contraction of the ciliary muscle. Adrenergic agonists decrease aqueous humor production through vasoconstriction and inhibition of enzyme activity. Carbon
Drugs used in glaucoma
Drugs used in glaucoma are aimed at lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow. The main drug classes include beta-blockers, alpha-agonists, prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and miotics. Beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogues are usually first-line treatments for open-angle glaucoma as they can lower IOP by 20-35% with once-daily dosing and minimal side effects. For acute angle-closure glaucoma, emergency treatment includes hypertonic agents, acetazolamide, and miotics to rapidly lower severely elevated IOP and prevent vision loss before definitive treatment with
ANTIGLAUCOMA DRUGS by DR. ZAW MIN HTET
This document discusses various glaucoma drugs, including prostaglandins, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotics, and miotics. Prostaglandins such as latanoprost and travoprost are often used as first-line treatment due to their greater IOP lowering effect compared to alternatives. Common side effects include conjunctival hyperemia and iris pigmentation changes. Beta-blockers lower IOP by decreasing aqueous production and common systemic side effects include bronchospasm. New drugs discussed include latanoprostene bunod and ROCK inhibitors.
ANTI GLAUCOMA DRUGS
This document summarizes different types of anti-glaucoma drugs. It discusses the classification of these drugs based on their mechanism of action, which includes reducing aqueous production, increasing aqueous outflow, or both. The main classes covered are beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, parasympathomimetics, sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and hyperosmotics. Specific drugs are provided within each class along with their indications, mechanisms, dosages, and potential side effects. Combination drug therapies are also mentioned. Treatment protocols are outlined for primary open angle glaucoma and acute primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Drugs used in glaucoma and myasthenia gravis
1) Drugs used to treat glaucoma work by lowering intraocular pressure through reducing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow. Topical medications include beta blockers, alpha agonists, prostaglandin analogs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and miotics.
2) Angle closure glaucoma requires emergent treatment to rapidly lower pressure including intravenous mannitol or glycerol, oral acetazolamide, and topical pilocarpine and timolol.
3) Myasthenia gravis results from antibodies destroying acetylcholine receptors. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests for antibodies, and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for symptoms and immunos
Newer treatment modalities of glaucoma
This document summarizes newer treatment modalities for glaucoma. It discusses how lowering intraocular pressure remains the primary treatment but may not stop disease progression. It then outlines several novel treatment approaches being investigated, including cannabinoids, cellular cytoskeletal modulators, memantine, and Rho kinase inhibitors. Clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing for some of these alternative therapies to potentially treat glaucoma through neuroprotective mechanisms rather than solely lowering pressure. However, many of these novel agents have shown toxicity or failed to meet efficacy endpoints to date.
Ocular hypotensive drugs
Ocular hypotensive drugs are used to reduce intraocular pressure and treat glaucoma. There are several classes of ocular hypotensive drugs: 1) Prostaglandin analogues like latanoprost which increase outflow of aqueous humor, 2) Beta-blockers like timolol which reduce aqueous production, 3) Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like brimonidine and apraclonidine which decrease aqueous production, 4) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide which suppress aqueous humor production, and 5) Cholinergic agonists or miotics like pilocarpine which contract the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary body to facilitate aqueous outflow. Hyper
Medical management of glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases characterized by optic neuropathy, visual field defects, and raised intraocular pressure. The document discusses the medical management of glaucoma including targeting intraocular pressure, evaluating patients, and selecting initial treatments such as beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, adrenergic agonists, cholinergic drugs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and hyperosmotic agents. Neuroprotective drugs that may help preserve vision by various mechanisms including blocking glutamate receptors and calcium channels are also reviewed. The ultimate goal of glaucoma treatment is to preserve vision and quality of life through long term management and control of intraocular pressure.
Anti Glaucoma Drugs
this covers almost all important notes about glaucoma and its pharmacological aspects.
Credit : Prabhat Kumar shantanu
Nishan lamichhane
Anti-glaucoma Drugs /Anti glaucoma eye drops/ Glaucoma Medications (healthkur...
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/anti-glaucoma-eye-drops/❤❤
❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Anti-glaucoma Drugs /Anti glaucoma eye drops/ Glaucoma medications(healthkura.com), Ocular Pharmacology
Presentation Layout
Introduction to glaucoma
Anti glaucoma drugs/ anti glaucoma eye drops/ glaucoma medicines
- Classification
- Indications
- Contraindications
Summary
Mode of action of anti glaucoma drugs/anti glaucoma eye drops/ glaucoma medicines
Beta blocker-decrease aqueous secretion
Miotics -increase trabecular outflow
Adrenergic agonist-decrease aqueous secretion
Prostaglandin-increase trabecular and uveaoscleral outflow
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-decrease aqueous secretion
For Further Reading
Clinical Ocular Pharmacology by Jimmy D Balett
Ophthalmic Drugs by Graham Hopkins & Richard Pearson
Comprehensive Ophthalmology by A.K. Khurana
AAO-Section 10-Glaucoma
AAO-Section 2-Fundamentals & Principles of Ophthalmology
Internet
Objective 11
This document discusses the pharmacology of glaucoma. It describes that surgery is indicated for angle closure glaucoma, while medications are used to treat primary open-angle glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. The main classes of medications mentioned are beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha agonists, sympathomimetics, prostaglandin analogues, and parasympathomimetics; each works by a different mechanism to reduce aqueous humor production or increase outflow to lower pressure in the eye.
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy caused by an imbalance between the rate of aqueous humor formation and drainage, leading to damage of the optic nerve and loss of vision. It is defined as an intraocular pressure of over 21 mmHg. The aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary epithelium and normally drained through two routes - the conventional trabecular route which drains around 90% and the uveoscleral pathway which drains around 10%. Glaucoma is diagnosed by tonometry and treated through lifelong drug therapy, laser treatment, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further vision loss.
Glaucoma.pptx
This document discusses different classes of medications used to treat glaucoma, including alpha adrenergic agonists, miotics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It provides details on specific drugs within each class, such as brimonidine and apraclonidine, which are alpha adrenergic agonists that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production. Miotics were previously widely used but now only as a last option due to side effects. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide and dorzolamide lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor formation in the ciliary epithelium. The document also briefly describes the mechanisms of angle closure and open angle glaucoma.
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Glaucoma management,dr.a.r.rajalakhmi,11.05.16
Management of glaucoma aims to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) through various treatment modalities including medications, laser procedures, and surgery. Medications work by decreasing aqueous production or increasing outflow, with prostaglandin analogues and beta-blockers being first-line options. Laser trabeculoplasty and iridotomy can improve outflow and treat angle closure glaucoma. When medical management fails, trabeculectomy creates a fistula to lower IOP through filtration surgery. The document provides details on mechanisms, examples, dosages, and side effects of different glaucoma treatment classes and options.
Glaucoma 4 therapy of glaucomas, dr.k.n.jha,09.11.16
This document discusses the management of glaucomas. The key points covered are: the goals of glaucoma therapy which are to preserve vision by reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) with minimal side effects; medical therapies include eye drops that work by various mechanisms to lower IOP such as beta-blockers, parasympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues; surgical options include trabeculectomy which creates a fistula to drain aqueous humor from the anterior chamber externally to lower IOP; complications of glaucoma treatments can include side effects of medications or issues following surgery like infection and hypotony.
Medical Treatment of Glaucoma
The document discusses various medical treatments for glaucoma, including different drug classes and their mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications and side effects. It provides detailed information on adrenergic agonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and combined medications used to treat glaucoma. Key points covered include how the drugs work to lower intraocular pressure, when they should and should not be used, and common adverse effects.
Medical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma
The document discusses goals and approaches for treating glaucoma. The primary goal is lowering intraocular pressure to reduce risk of vision loss. Medical approaches include various drug classes that decrease aqueous production or increase outflow, while surgical options are considered when pressure cannot be controlled through medical therapy alone. Follow-up care involves regular exams and testing to monitor pressure and disease stability.
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
This document provides an overview of glaucoma, including its anatomy, pathophysiology, classification, and pharmacological treatment. Glaucoma involves progressive optic neuropathy and vision loss due to increased intraocular pressure. It is classified into primary and secondary types. The main drugs used for treatment are prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha agonists, cholinergic agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, which work to reduce aqueous humor production or increase outflow. Emerging therapies aim to provide neuroprotection to retinal ganglion cells. Surgery may also be used in some cases.
BETA -BLOCKERS AND GLAUCOMA
This document discusses beta-blockers and their uses in glaucoma. It first classifies beta-blockers as non-selective or cardioselective. It then discusses their mechanisms of action and indications, including hypertension, angina, heart arrhythmias, heart failure, and glaucoma. For glaucoma specifically, it explains that beta-blockers work by reducing aqueous humor production and intraocular pressure. Timolol is noted as the prototype beta-blocker preferred for ophthalmic use. The document also summarizes other drug classes used for glaucoma like prostaglandin analogues, alpha-agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and parasympathomimetics.
Newer drugs in Glaucoma Mangement
This document discusses new drugs and therapies for glaucoma that are currently in development. It outlines several novel drug targets and mechanisms of action that are being investigated, including ROCK inhibitors, adenosine receptor agonists, BkCa channel modulators, siRNAs, cannabinoids, and local calcium channel blockers. It also discusses neuroprotective strategies such as antioxidants, memantine, neurotrophic growth factors, gene therapy, and stem cell therapy that aim to prevent further neural damage in glaucoma. Overall, the document provides an overview of the many innovative approaches that are being researched to better treat glaucoma beyond current first-line therapies.
3 4 cholinergic pharmacology younus h johan 2016
This document discusses drugs used to treat glaucoma, including cholinergic agents, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, prostaglandins, diuretics, and anticholinergic drugs. Cholinergic agents like pilocarpine work by improving aqueous humor drainage to lower intraocular pressure. Beta-blockers like timolol and alpha agonists like brimonidine decrease aqueous humor production. Prostaglandins increase outflow through the uveoscleral pathway. Diuretics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors lower production of aqueous humor. Anticholinergic drugs are used for mydriasis, cycloplegia, peptic ulcers, and urinary disorders.
REVIEW OF ANTIGLAUCOMATOUS DRUGS
The document discusses various classes of medications used to treat glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure, including beta-blockers, parasympathomimetics, adrenergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and prostaglandin analogues. It provides details on the mechanisms of action, common medications, dosages, efficacy and side effects for each class. Beta-blockers such as timolol work by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye. Parasympathomimetics like pilocarpine increase outflow of aqueous humor through contraction of the ciliary muscle. Adrenergic agonists decrease aqueous humor production through vasoconstriction and inhibition of enzyme activity. Carbon
Drugs used in glaucoma
Drugs used in glaucoma are aimed at lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow. The main drug classes include beta-blockers, alpha-agonists, prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and miotics. Beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogues are usually first-line treatments for open-angle glaucoma as they can lower IOP by 20-35% with once-daily dosing and minimal side effects. For acute angle-closure glaucoma, emergency treatment includes hypertonic agents, acetazolamide, and miotics to rapidly lower severely elevated IOP and prevent vision loss before definitive treatment with
ANTIGLAUCOMA DRUGS by DR. ZAW MIN HTET
This document discusses various glaucoma drugs, including prostaglandins, beta-blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotics, and miotics. Prostaglandins such as latanoprost and travoprost are often used as first-line treatment due to their greater IOP lowering effect compared to alternatives. Common side effects include conjunctival hyperemia and iris pigmentation changes. Beta-blockers lower IOP by decreasing aqueous production and common systemic side effects include bronchospasm. New drugs discussed include latanoprostene bunod and ROCK inhibitors.
ANTI GLAUCOMA DRUGS
This document summarizes different types of anti-glaucoma drugs. It discusses the classification of these drugs based on their mechanism of action, which includes reducing aqueous production, increasing aqueous outflow, or both. The main classes covered are beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, parasympathomimetics, sympathomimetics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and hyperosmotics. Specific drugs are provided within each class along with their indications, mechanisms, dosages, and potential side effects. Combination drug therapies are also mentioned. Treatment protocols are outlined for primary open angle glaucoma and acute primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Drugs used in glaucoma and myasthenia gravis
1) Drugs used to treat glaucoma work by lowering intraocular pressure through reducing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow. Topical medications include beta blockers, alpha agonists, prostaglandin analogs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and miotics.
2) Angle closure glaucoma requires emergent treatment to rapidly lower pressure including intravenous mannitol or glycerol, oral acetazolamide, and topical pilocarpine and timolol.
3) Myasthenia gravis results from antibodies destroying acetylcholine receptors. Diagnosis involves physical exams, blood tests for antibodies, and electrodiagnostic tests. Treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for symptoms and immunos
Newer treatment modalities of glaucoma
This document summarizes newer treatment modalities for glaucoma. It discusses how lowering intraocular pressure remains the primary treatment but may not stop disease progression. It then outlines several novel treatment approaches being investigated, including cannabinoids, cellular cytoskeletal modulators, memantine, and Rho kinase inhibitors. Clinical trials have been conducted or are ongoing for some of these alternative therapies to potentially treat glaucoma through neuroprotective mechanisms rather than solely lowering pressure. However, many of these novel agents have shown toxicity or failed to meet efficacy endpoints to date.
Ocular hypotensive drugs
Ocular hypotensive drugs are used to reduce intraocular pressure and treat glaucoma. There are several classes of ocular hypotensive drugs: 1) Prostaglandin analogues like latanoprost which increase outflow of aqueous humor, 2) Beta-blockers like timolol which reduce aqueous production, 3) Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists like brimonidine and apraclonidine which decrease aqueous production, 4) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide which suppress aqueous humor production, and 5) Cholinergic agonists or miotics like pilocarpine which contract the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary body to facilitate aqueous outflow. Hyper
Medical management of glaucoma
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases characterized by optic neuropathy, visual field defects, and raised intraocular pressure. The document discusses the medical management of glaucoma including targeting intraocular pressure, evaluating patients, and selecting initial treatments such as beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, adrenergic agonists, cholinergic drugs, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and hyperosmotic agents. Neuroprotective drugs that may help preserve vision by various mechanisms including blocking glutamate receptors and calcium channels are also reviewed. The ultimate goal of glaucoma treatment is to preserve vision and quality of life through long term management and control of intraocular pressure.
Anti Glaucoma Drugs
this covers almost all important notes about glaucoma and its pharmacological aspects.
Credit : Prabhat Kumar shantanu
Nishan lamichhane
Anti-glaucoma Drugs /Anti glaucoma eye drops/ Glaucoma Medications (healthkur...
DIRECT DOWNLOAD LINK ❤❤https://healthkura.com/anti-glaucoma-eye-drops/❤❤
❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Anti-glaucoma Drugs /Anti glaucoma eye drops/ Glaucoma medications(healthkura.com), Ocular Pharmacology
Presentation Layout
Introduction to glaucoma
Anti glaucoma drugs/ anti glaucoma eye drops/ glaucoma medicines
- Classification
- Indications
- Contraindications
Summary
Mode of action of anti glaucoma drugs/anti glaucoma eye drops/ glaucoma medicines
Beta blocker-decrease aqueous secretion
Miotics -increase trabecular outflow
Adrenergic agonist-decrease aqueous secretion
Prostaglandin-increase trabecular and uveaoscleral outflow
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-decrease aqueous secretion
For Further Reading
Clinical Ocular Pharmacology by Jimmy D Balett
Ophthalmic Drugs by Graham Hopkins & Richard Pearson
Comprehensive Ophthalmology by A.K. Khurana
AAO-Section 10-Glaucoma
AAO-Section 2-Fundamentals & Principles of Ophthalmology
Internet
Objective 11
This document discusses the pharmacology of glaucoma. It describes that surgery is indicated for angle closure glaucoma, while medications are used to treat primary open-angle glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure. The main classes of medications mentioned are beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha agonists, sympathomimetics, prostaglandin analogues, and parasympathomimetics; each works by a different mechanism to reduce aqueous humor production or increase outflow to lower pressure in the eye.
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy caused by an imbalance between the rate of aqueous humor formation and drainage, leading to damage of the optic nerve and loss of vision. It is defined as an intraocular pressure of over 21 mmHg. The aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary epithelium and normally drained through two routes - the conventional trabecular route which drains around 90% and the uveoscleral pathway which drains around 10%. Glaucoma is diagnosed by tonometry and treated through lifelong drug therapy, laser treatment, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further vision loss.
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Glaucoma 4 therapy of glaucomas, dr.k.n.jha,09.11.16
Glaucoma 4 therapy of glaucomas, dr.k.n.jha,09.11.16
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Similar to Glaucoma Treatment & Mydriatics
Glaucoma.pptx
This document discusses different classes of medications used to treat glaucoma, including alpha adrenergic agonists, miotics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It provides details on specific drugs within each class, such as brimonidine and apraclonidine, which are alpha adrenergic agonists that lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production. Miotics were previously widely used but now only as a last option due to side effects. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide and dorzolamide lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor formation in the ciliary epithelium. The document also briefly describes the mechanisms of angle closure and open angle glaucoma.
Glaucoma.pptx
Alpha adrenergic agonists like brimonidine and apraclonidine are medications used to treat glaucoma by reducing aqueous humor production or increasing its outflow to lower intraocular pressure. Apraclonidine lowers IOP by 25% and has common side effects like itching and dryness. Brimonidine is more alpha2 selective and lowers IOP by 20-27%. Miotics were once commonly used to treat glaucoma but now are rarely used due to side effects like pupil changes and headaches. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide and dorzolamide reduce aqueous formation to lower IOP, with side effects like paresthesia and acidosis.
Glaucoma
GLAUCOMA
,dignosis , types of glaucoma , risk factors oo glaucoma and treatment , the clasis of drugs that use in treatment of glaucoma.
prepared by : Hardi Sdiq
university of sullaimani
collage of pharmacy
ANTI-GLAUCOMA DRUGS.pptx
Glaucoma is caused by damage to the optic nerve from raised intraocular pressure. The main treatments are medications that lower IOP by reducing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow. The major drug classes include prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and parasympathomimetics. Newer drugs target the Rho kinase pathway or are nitric oxide donors. The goal of treatment is to lower IOP to a target level while minimizing side effects like hyperemia, allergy, and systemic effects.
Glaucoma
This document discusses the treatment of various types of glaucoma. There are several types of open angle glaucoma that are treated with various eye drop medications including beta blockers, prostaglandin analogues, alpha-2 agonists, parasympathomimetics, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. These work by reducing aqueous humor production or increasing outflow. Common side effects include dryness, redness, blurred vision, and systemic effects like bronchospasm, bradycardia, and heart failure. Close angle glaucoma is treated with medications to lower pressure like acetazolamide and pilocarpine as well as laser iridotomy. Pigmentary glaucoma can be treated with mi
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders characterized by abnormally high intraocular pressure that can damage the optic nerve and result in vision loss. The document defines glaucoma and identifies primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma as the two most common types. Risk factors include aging, genetics, eye injuries or surgeries, and certain medical conditions. Treatment involves medications or surgery to reduce pressure in the eye in order to prevent further vision loss from optic nerve damage.
MYDRIATIC AND MIOTIC AGENTS AND DRUGS USED IN GLAUCOMA
A brief Pathophysiology Presentation on the topic " MYDRIATIC AND MIOTIC AGENTS AND DRUGS USED IN GLAUCOMA "
Includes Both Open Angle and Closed Angle Glaucoma , their Mechanism Of Onset , Pathophysiology and Treatment ( Drugs Used In Glaucoma )
Medical management of glaucoma
This document discusses the medical management of glaucoma. It covers principles of diagnosis and assessment, results of clinical trials on glaucoma treatment, pharmacokinetics of topical drugs, educating patients, follow up, and various classes of anti-glaucoma medications including cholinergic stimulants, beta-blockers, alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists, prostaglandin analogs, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Side effects and administration of these drug classes are also outlined.
Combination medication glaucoma
This document summarizes medical treatments for glaucoma, including various drug classes and specific agents. It discusses the mechanisms of action, efficacy, side effects, and considerations for prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha-2 agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, miotics, osmotic agents, and fixed combination therapies. Key points include: prostaglandins are often first-line due to efficacy and safety profile; beta blockers may be preferred in some cases but should not be used at bedtime; alpha-2 agonists have neuroprotective effects but require caution in young children; and fixed combinations can improve compliance while maintaining efficacy of individual components.
Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma
Dr. Sneha Dange will present on the pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. The presentation will cover the anatomy of the eye relevant to glaucoma, the goals of glaucoma treatment, and an overview of current pharmacotherapy options including beta blockers, alpha agonists, prostaglandin analogues, cholinergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and hyperosmotic agents. Recent advances discussed will include antioxidants, forskolin, and Ginkgo biloba as complementary treatments.
ANTI GLAUCOMA DRUGS.pptx
Anti glaucoma medicines, their classification, mechanism of action.
Drug dosing, side effects
Management of complications
Guidelines
Medical Management of Glaucoma (2) (1).pptx
This document discusses the medical management of glaucoma through pharmacological agents. It begins by classifying topical and systemic antiglaucoma medications. It then covers the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, and side effects of various drug classes - including prostaglandin analogues, beta blockers, alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The document emphasizes the importance of balancing efficacy of IOP reduction with minimization of side effects and adherence to treatment.
Drug Acting on Eye.pptx
drug relative to eyes with their meiotic and mydriatic effect.
In the presentation discus about spasm of accommodation and cycloplegic action on eye . pharmacological action , dosage also discussed of condition developed on eye i.e. Glaucoma
Glaucoma - symptomes and treatment
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can cause vision loss. It is usually caused by an increase in pressure within the eye due to blocked drainage canals. There are two main types - open angle glaucoma caused by partial blockage and closed angle glaucoma caused by sudden, complete blockage. Treatment aims to lower intraocular pressure through eye drops, oral medication, laser therapy or surgery depending on the severity. Surgical treatment is usually a last resort but is the primary approach for closed angle glaucoma emergencies. Post-operative care involves anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eyedrops.
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Diploma in Pharmacy Chapter 3 pharmacology .pdf
Definition, classification, Pharmacological action, dose, indication and contraindications
1. Miotics
2. Mydriatics
3. Drug used in goucoma
Anti glaucoma drugs
Mechanism of action, Uses, sideeffect, contraindications of Commonly used anti glaucoma drugs.
1.Prostaglandin analogue
2.Betablocker
3.Alpha agonists
4.Miotics
5.carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
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MYDRIATIC AND MIOTIC AGENTS AND DRUGS USED IN GLAUCOMA
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- 2. MYDRIATICS Agents that induce dilation of the pupil. To permit examination of the retina and other deep structures of the eye, and also to reduce painful ciliary muscle spasm. Anticholinergic drugs: • Block action of acetylcholine that constricts pupillae muscle. • Relaxation of ciliary muscle. • Increase intraocular pressure. Adrenergic drugs: • Contract radial muscles of the iris. • Increase drainage of aqueous humor.
- 3. TIMOLOL Non-selective beta blocker • Eye drops: used to treat open-angle glaucoma by reducing aqueous humor production through blockage of the β receptors on the ciliary epithelium. • Adverse effects: burning sensation, eye redness.
- 4. DORZOLAMIDE Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (diuretic) • Used topically to lower increased intraocular pressure (20%) in open- angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. • Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, who are insufficiently responsive to beta-blockers. • Dorzolamide/timolol • Adverse effects: Ocular stinging, burning, itching and bitter taste.
Editor's Notes
- Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport.