The document discusses mydriatic and anti-glaucoma drugs, highlighting their roles in pupil dilation and reducing intraocular pressure. It describes anticholinergic and adrenergic drugs along with specific treatments like timolol, a non-selective beta blocker, and dorzolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, including their mechanisms, uses, and adverse effects. Both drugs aim to address open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

1. MYDRIATIC DRUGS &
ANTI-GLAUCOMA

2. MYDRIATICS
Agents that induce dilation of the pupil.
 To permit examination of the retina and other deep structures of the eye, and also to
reduce painful ciliary muscle spasm.
Anticholinergic drugs:
• Block action of acetylcholine that constricts pupillae muscle.
• Relaxation of ciliary muscle.
• Increase intraocular pressure.
Adrenergic drugs:
• Contract radial muscles of the iris.
• Increase drainage of aqueous humor.

3. TIMOLOL
Non-selective beta blocker
• Eye drops: used to treat open-angle glaucoma by reducing aqueous humor
production through blockage of the β receptors on the ciliary epithelium.
• Adverse effects: burning sensation, eye redness.

4. DORZOLAMIDE
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (diuretic)
• Used topically to lower increased intraocular pressure (20%) in open-
angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
• Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases
aqueous humor secretion, who are insufficiently responsive to beta-blockers.
• Dorzolamide/timolol
• Adverse effects: Ocular stinging, burning, itching and bitter taste.