Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were early 20th century management experts known for developing motion study. Frank started his career as a bricklayer and rose to become a construction supervisor. He later founded his own construction company and wrote books on minimizing unnecessary motions. Lillian received her PhD and collaborated with Frank, developing the concept of "micro motion study." Together they identified basic motions, studied worker and workplace variables, and reduced motions in jobs. The Gilbreths criticized some aspects of Taylor's scientific management approach as inaccurate and wasteful, instead advocating reducing unnecessary fatigue through workplace design and necessary fatigue through improved techniques and rest periods.

1. MANAGEMENT GURU FRANK BUNKER GILBRETH
(1868 TO 1924)

2. INTRODUCTION:
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Born in Fairfield , Maine in 1868.
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Start his early education from local academy.
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In 1878 , moved to Boston , first attend Rice grammar school and later
English high school.
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Prepare to entry for Massachusetts institute of Technology(MIT) and
passed the exam.
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Like Taylor abandon his study and start work as an apprentice bricklayer in
Whidden Construction Company from 1885 to 1895.
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Rising from apprentice to become a supervisor and then chief
superintendent at the age of 27.

3. INTRODUCTION:

In 1895 , as a member of American Society of Mechanical
Engineers(ASME) left Whidden and establish his own company
specialize in concrete construction.

Used first time his new inventions in his company like concrete mixer ,
conveyors and reinforcing bars.
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Open office in Victoria street , London and expand his job from small
jobs like waterproofing , cellar to building houses , factories , mills and
civil engineering works like dams and canals.

4. INTRODUCTION:

Write different books to upgrade the current status of
work and in order to minimize the unnecessary
motions to make a job easy and increase the rest
time.

Try to set a standardize accounting and work
procedure to made the job easy and pleasurable.

Try to reduce the total motions in job from 18 to 4.5.

5. FLASHING POINTS OF GILBRETH MOTION STUDY :

Identify 15 variables of worker like anatomy
,creed , experience , mode of living , skill ,
temperament and training.

Identify 14 variables of surrounding ,
equipments and tools like lighting , heating,
cooling ,ventilation , supervision , colors of the
surrounding walls etc.

Identify 13 variables of motion including
acceleration , automaticity , inertia and moment
overcome , direction and effectiveness.

Together he develop 17 basic motion with the
assistant of his wife Lillian Moller like select ,
hold , touch etc and they named it “therblig”

6. LILLIAN MOLLER GILBRETH :
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Born in Oakland , California in 1878.
Obtain BA and MA degree in English from university
of California.
Got married with Gillbreth in 1904.
Due to interest of her husband toward the business ,
she turned her education direction from English to
psychology.
Receive her doctoral degree from university of
California in 1915.
In 1912 , they published “Primer of Scientific
Management “ in which they expand the concept of
Taylor scientific management and focus more on
motion studies than time study.
They describe the concept of “Micro motion study”
for Butt company at New England that braided
materials for electrical wiring.

7. GILBRETH AND LILLIAN CRITICISM ON TAYLOR WORK :
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In 1920 , Gilbreth and Lillian declared the Taylor
“Stop watch time study” as unethical , wasteful and
inaccurate in their papers “An Indictment of Stop
Watch Time Study”.
They considered that it provide inaccurate and
useless data.
Gilbreth divide the fatigue into two categories :
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
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Unnecessary : Resulting from the effort that does not need to
achieve the desire results.
Necessary : Resulting from the work that must be done in
order to achieve the specific result.
He considered that the unnecessary motions are
eliminated through better design of workplace and
necessary motion can be minimized through
improved techniques and provision of rest periods.

8. GILBRETH AND LILLIAN CRITICISM ON TAYLOR WORK :

Gilbreth criticize the Taylor concept of depending on the physical
capacity of the workers to overcome the fatigue.

He advocate in the reduction of the working days and introduce the
increasing holidays with pay.

He emphasize the significance of total working environment in the
maintenance of high level of productivity.