This document summarizes Google's infrastructure for distributed data storage and processing.
It describes Google File System (GFS), which scales to thousands of servers through replication and partitioning files into chunks distributed across servers. GFS uses a master/slave architecture and optimizes for large reads and writes of append-only files.
It also describes MapReduce, Google's programming model for distributed data processing. MapReduce allows parallelization through a map function that processes key-value pairs, followed by an optional combine and a reduce function to aggregate results. This provides fault tolerance and allows computation to move to data.
Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 High Availability And Disaster Recovery Deep Diversnarayanan
This document discusses various Exchange Server disaster recovery and high availability solutions such as continuous replication (CCR), standby continuous replication (SCR), local continuous replication (LCR), and single copy cluster (SCC). It provides details on how each solution works, when to use each one, advantages and disadvantages of CCR versus SCC, and basics of how continuous replication functions in Exchange. It also covers topics like transport dumpster redelivery, lost log resilience, and circular logging.
Get the latest update from Panasas on the status of pNFS - parallel NFS. This presentation explains how you can innovate faster, better, and at a lower cost with Panasas and pNFS, the emerging standard for parallel I/O and the next major extension to the ubiquitous standard, NFS.
This document provides an overview of Exchange Server 2007 availability solutions and introduces Exchange 2010 high availability features. Exchange Server 2007's single copy cluster provides little high availability and does not automatically recover from failures or protect data. Exchange 2010 improves on this with database availability groups that allow up to 16 replicated database copies across multiple servers for improved redundancy and recovery times. It also simplifies administration and supports stretching databases across different sites.
At StampedeCon 2012 in St. Louis, Pritam Damania presents: Reliable backup and recovery is one of the main requirements for any enterprise grade application. HBase has been very well embraced by enterprises needing random, real-time read/write access with huge volumes of data and ease of scalability. As such, they are looking for backup solutions that are reliable, easy to use, and can co-exist with existing infrastructure. HBase comes with several backup options but there is a clear need to improve the native export mechanisms. This talk will cover various options that are available out of the box, their drawbacks and what various companies are doing to make backup and recovery efficient. In particular it will cover what Facebook has done to improve performance of backup and recovery process with minimal impact to production cluster.
Rhozet™ Carbon Coder/Server/Admin v3.11 User GuideVideoguy
This document is a user guide for the Rhozet Carbon Coder/Server/Admin v3.1 software. It introduces new features in Carbon 3.0 like 8/16 channel audio support, expanded input control for certain file formats, and macro-gridding technology. The guide provides instructions for installing Carbon products and using features in the Carbon Coder, Carbon Server, and new Carbon Admin application. It also covers troubleshooting and contains a glossary and index.
Emulex OneConnect Universal Converged Network Adapter (UCNA) platform enables efficient, robust and high-performance connectivity for all business applications while protecting IT investment in existing LAN and SAN infrastructure.
This document provides guidance on migrating the library manager role from one IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server instance to another. The key steps are:
1. Prepare the target server by defining server communication, redefining storage agents and paths.
2. Check server to server communication and disable client activities on all servers.
3. Back up databases and configuration files from all servers.
4. Gather volume inventory, check out volumes, remove and define the library on target and source servers to migrate the library manager role.
Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 High Availability And Disaster Recovery Deep Diversnarayanan
This document discusses various Exchange Server disaster recovery and high availability solutions such as continuous replication (CCR), standby continuous replication (SCR), local continuous replication (LCR), and single copy cluster (SCC). It provides details on how each solution works, when to use each one, advantages and disadvantages of CCR versus SCC, and basics of how continuous replication functions in Exchange. It also covers topics like transport dumpster redelivery, lost log resilience, and circular logging.
Get the latest update from Panasas on the status of pNFS - parallel NFS. This presentation explains how you can innovate faster, better, and at a lower cost with Panasas and pNFS, the emerging standard for parallel I/O and the next major extension to the ubiquitous standard, NFS.
This document provides an overview of Exchange Server 2007 availability solutions and introduces Exchange 2010 high availability features. Exchange Server 2007's single copy cluster provides little high availability and does not automatically recover from failures or protect data. Exchange 2010 improves on this with database availability groups that allow up to 16 replicated database copies across multiple servers for improved redundancy and recovery times. It also simplifies administration and supports stretching databases across different sites.
At StampedeCon 2012 in St. Louis, Pritam Damania presents: Reliable backup and recovery is one of the main requirements for any enterprise grade application. HBase has been very well embraced by enterprises needing random, real-time read/write access with huge volumes of data and ease of scalability. As such, they are looking for backup solutions that are reliable, easy to use, and can co-exist with existing infrastructure. HBase comes with several backup options but there is a clear need to improve the native export mechanisms. This talk will cover various options that are available out of the box, their drawbacks and what various companies are doing to make backup and recovery efficient. In particular it will cover what Facebook has done to improve performance of backup and recovery process with minimal impact to production cluster.
Rhozet™ Carbon Coder/Server/Admin v3.11 User GuideVideoguy
This document is a user guide for the Rhozet Carbon Coder/Server/Admin v3.1 software. It introduces new features in Carbon 3.0 like 8/16 channel audio support, expanded input control for certain file formats, and macro-gridding technology. The guide provides instructions for installing Carbon products and using features in the Carbon Coder, Carbon Server, and new Carbon Admin application. It also covers troubleshooting and contains a glossary and index.
Emulex OneConnect Universal Converged Network Adapter (UCNA) platform enables efficient, robust and high-performance connectivity for all business applications while protecting IT investment in existing LAN and SAN infrastructure.
This document provides guidance on migrating the library manager role from one IBM Tivoli Storage Manager server instance to another. The key steps are:
1. Prepare the target server by defining server communication, redefining storage agents and paths.
2. Check server to server communication and disable client activities on all servers.
3. Back up databases and configuration files from all servers.
4. Gather volume inventory, check out volumes, remove and define the library on target and source servers to migrate the library manager role.
Double-Take Software provides workload optimization solutions including disaster recovery, high availability, server migration, and management. It has over 19,000 customers including half of the Fortune 500. Solutions are hardware and storage agnostic and support migrations between physical and virtual environments with minimal downtime. Real-time replication allows migrations to complete within minutes.
Beyond Disaster Recovery: Restoring Production Workloads with PlateSpin ForgeNovell
This session explores the two phases of restoring workloads and IT services from an outage or a full-blown disaster. Phase one is the disaster recovery itself, or automatic failover to run protected workloads in a recovery environment after a disruption. Phase two is often overlooked; it returns the protected workloads to the rebuilt or replaced production environment. During this session, you will learn how to configure PlateSpin Forge to handle both of these critical phases.
- Bull Information Systems is a large company with $1.6 billion in annual revenue that provides servers, services, and open source support to Fortune 500 customers.
- CNAF, a large French social security organization, is migrating its mainframe relational database from DB2 to PostgreSQL to reduce costs while keeping their COBOL applications on the mainframe.
- Bull implemented a Cobol preprocessor and client/server solution to allow COBOL applications on the mainframe to connect to and use a PostgreSQL database on Linux servers for improved performance.
The IBM XIV® Storage System Gen3 is a versatile, high-end disk storage solution with an
innovative grid architecture that can provide clients excellent performance and scalability
while significantly reducing costs and complexity. XIV includes automated data placement
that needs no tuning as application workloads change.
The document discusses the Infortrend DS series RAID storage system. It provides entry-level DAS and SAN storage for SMBs and enterprise remote sites. The DS series offers FC, iSCSI, and SAS host interfaces across 2U, 3U, and 4U form factors supporting up to 240 drives. It includes the SANWatch management suite for local volume-level replication, thin provisioning, and remote replication functionality. The DS series emphasizes high availability through redundant components, cache protection, RAID 6, and local/remote replication capabilities.
This document provides an overview of the Xen Summit agenda and Xen community updates. The first day of the Xen Summit agenda focuses on welcome presentations and case studies on using Xen Cloud Platform and XCP. It also covers topics like AMD and virtualization, energy efficient storage, and the Xen scheduler. The second day covers sessions on GoGrid, open source cloud computing, embedded workloads, and graphics passthrough challenges. It also provides an update on Xen community events and the Xen Advisory Board. Finally, it discusses the Xen Cloud Platform project and goals to create a full virtual infrastructure layer for cloud deployments.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Coda distributed file system. Coda was designed by Carnegie Mellon University to be scalable, secure, and highly available. It aims for transparency in naming, location, and failures. Coda uses a client-server model where clients interact with file servers through Venus processes. File data and metadata are cached at clients to allow for continued access when disconnected from servers. Coda employs replication and unique file identifiers to manage distributed data access transparently.
BMW India Pvt Ltd is launching the BMW X6 sports activity coupe in India. The document discusses BMW India, the BMW X6 vehicle, and its target market segmentation, positioning, and marketing mix. It aims the BMW X6 at professionals, executives, and affluent families. The marketing mix will include advertising the BMW X6 on billboards, magazines, newspapers, YouTube and social media, as well as displaying it in malls and cinemas.
The document summarizes BMW's "HyoRee's Anystar Campaign" marketing campaign from 2001. The goals of the campaign were to sustain growth, attract young customers without alienating existing customers, and strengthen BMW's luxury brand image. The campaign was successful, achieving a 13% sales increase in 2001 and strengthening BMW's brand perception among younger demographics. The document evaluates the success of the campaign and recommends continuing the campaign approach through producing additional short films for distribution online and through DVD, as this leverages the prior success while being cost-effective.
BMW conducted consumer research in the late 1990s that identified four segments of luxury car buyers with different mindsets and values. SIGMA research further predicted significant expansion in the luxury car market beyond traditional demographics. In response, BMW developed new models like the X5, Mini Cooper, and Rolls-Royce Phantom targeted at the upper liberals, modern mainstream, and post-moderns segments respectively. BMW faces opportunities in expanding markets but also threats from rising costs, the economic crisis, and increased competition.
Analysis of BMWs Global Supply Chain Network - its production - distribution ...Sachin Mathews
This document provides an analysis of BMW's global supply chain, including its production, distribution, sourcing strategies, and mechanisms. It begins with an introduction and overview of key aspects of automotive supply chains. It then focuses on BMW's case study, examining its corporate strategy, supply chain design, extensive supplier network management, build-to-order production system, distribution network, and sustainability practices. A SWOT analysis of BMW's supply chain is presented, identifying strengths like its flexible production line and effective supplier relationships, weaknesses such as exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, and opportunities for further improvement. Recommendations are provided for BMW to overcome weaknesses and threats and enhance supply chain performance.
This document provides an overview and analysis of BMW's marketing strategies. It discusses [1] BMW's history beginning as an aircraft manufacturer and its evolution into an automaker known for luxury vehicles. [2] It examines BMW's segmentation, targeting, and positioning strategies, noting its focus on higher-income consumers in Europe and North America. [3] The document analyzes BMW's marketing mix, including its product lines, promotional campaigns, pricing strategies, and distribution channels.
BMW produced 5 short films called "The Hire" starring Clive Owen to promote its brand and vehicles. The films cost $15 million to produce and generated high viewership online. This document considers alternatives for BMW's next marketing initiatives, including producing more short films, making a feature-length film, or utilizing traditional marketing and developing computer games. It recommends the latter option to maximize the value of the existing films, engage younger audiences, and continue portraying BMW's technology-focused brand image in an innovative way.
BMW is a German automaker founded in 1917 that produces automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles. Headquartered in Munich, BMW employs over 100,000 workers and is a publicly traded company. BMW is best known for its luxury automobiles, including sedan, coupe, convertible, and SUV models across various series like the 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, X, and Z. In 2010, BMW generated over €60 billion in revenue and produced over 1 million automobiles and 112,000 motorcycles.
The document provides an analysis of BMW's market position. It discusses BMW's history, current operations with over 1 million cars sold annually across various brands and regions. A PEST analysis finds rivalry among competitors to be high, threat of new entrants low, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers to be medium and high, and threat of substitutes to be medium. Key competitors like Mercedes, Audi, Porsche, and Lexus are analyzed. BMW's strategy is to be the leading provider of premium products and services. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in branding and innovation and weaknesses in Asian market performance. Opportunities exist in hybrid vehicles and growth markets while threats include competition and regulations. Recommendations include expanding in growth markets
Supply Chain Management in the Motor Vehicle Industry, the Example of Mini.aguesdon
The powerpoint presentation based on my dissertation. It is much less complete than the dissertation itself, as the presentation must only last 3 minutes.
Please feel free to leave any comment or suggestion !
This document discusses filesystems, RPC, HDFS, and I/O schedulers. It provides an overview of Linux kernel I/O schedulers and how they optimize disk access. It then discusses the I/O stack in Linux, including the virtual filesystem (VFS) layer. It describes the NFS client-server model using RPC over TCP/IP and how HDFS uses a similar model with its own APIs. Finally, it outlines the write process in HDFS from the client to data nodes.
Virtualizing Latency Sensitive Workloads and vFabric GemFireCarter Shanklin
This presentation was made by Emad Benjamin of VMware Technical Marketing. Normally I wouldn't upload someone else's preso but I really insisted this get posted and he asked me to help him out.
This deck covers tips and best practices for virtualizing latency sensitive apps on vSphere in general, and takes a deep dive into virtualizing vFabric GemFire, which is a high-performance distributed and memory-optimized key/value store.
Best practices include how to configure the virtual machines and how to tune them appropriately to the hardware the application runs on.
The servers work together to provide a distributed file system. The fileservers store and serve the actual file data. The database servers maintain metadata and authentication. Binary distribution servers provide client software updates. System control servers handle tasks like time synchronization.
Mark Marsiglio - Autoscaling with eZ in the Cloud - A Case StudyeZ Publish Community
The document discusses moving an eZ content management system to the cloud to improve performance, flexibility, and reduce costs. It describes transitioning from dedicated servers to various cloud-based architectures including dedicated cloud servers, auto-scaling instances, and separating applications into single-purpose servers. The final proposed architecture leverages multiple clouds for redundancy and improved disaster recovery.
Double-Take Software provides workload optimization solutions including disaster recovery, high availability, server migration, and management. It has over 19,000 customers including half of the Fortune 500. Solutions are hardware and storage agnostic and support migrations between physical and virtual environments with minimal downtime. Real-time replication allows migrations to complete within minutes.
Beyond Disaster Recovery: Restoring Production Workloads with PlateSpin ForgeNovell
This session explores the two phases of restoring workloads and IT services from an outage or a full-blown disaster. Phase one is the disaster recovery itself, or automatic failover to run protected workloads in a recovery environment after a disruption. Phase two is often overlooked; it returns the protected workloads to the rebuilt or replaced production environment. During this session, you will learn how to configure PlateSpin Forge to handle both of these critical phases.
- Bull Information Systems is a large company with $1.6 billion in annual revenue that provides servers, services, and open source support to Fortune 500 customers.
- CNAF, a large French social security organization, is migrating its mainframe relational database from DB2 to PostgreSQL to reduce costs while keeping their COBOL applications on the mainframe.
- Bull implemented a Cobol preprocessor and client/server solution to allow COBOL applications on the mainframe to connect to and use a PostgreSQL database on Linux servers for improved performance.
The IBM XIV® Storage System Gen3 is a versatile, high-end disk storage solution with an
innovative grid architecture that can provide clients excellent performance and scalability
while significantly reducing costs and complexity. XIV includes automated data placement
that needs no tuning as application workloads change.
The document discusses the Infortrend DS series RAID storage system. It provides entry-level DAS and SAN storage for SMBs and enterprise remote sites. The DS series offers FC, iSCSI, and SAS host interfaces across 2U, 3U, and 4U form factors supporting up to 240 drives. It includes the SANWatch management suite for local volume-level replication, thin provisioning, and remote replication functionality. The DS series emphasizes high availability through redundant components, cache protection, RAID 6, and local/remote replication capabilities.
This document provides an overview of the Xen Summit agenda and Xen community updates. The first day of the Xen Summit agenda focuses on welcome presentations and case studies on using Xen Cloud Platform and XCP. It also covers topics like AMD and virtualization, energy efficient storage, and the Xen scheduler. The second day covers sessions on GoGrid, open source cloud computing, embedded workloads, and graphics passthrough challenges. It also provides an update on Xen community events and the Xen Advisory Board. Finally, it discusses the Xen Cloud Platform project and goals to create a full virtual infrastructure layer for cloud deployments.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Coda distributed file system. Coda was designed by Carnegie Mellon University to be scalable, secure, and highly available. It aims for transparency in naming, location, and failures. Coda uses a client-server model where clients interact with file servers through Venus processes. File data and metadata are cached at clients to allow for continued access when disconnected from servers. Coda employs replication and unique file identifiers to manage distributed data access transparently.
BMW India Pvt Ltd is launching the BMW X6 sports activity coupe in India. The document discusses BMW India, the BMW X6 vehicle, and its target market segmentation, positioning, and marketing mix. It aims the BMW X6 at professionals, executives, and affluent families. The marketing mix will include advertising the BMW X6 on billboards, magazines, newspapers, YouTube and social media, as well as displaying it in malls and cinemas.
The document summarizes BMW's "HyoRee's Anystar Campaign" marketing campaign from 2001. The goals of the campaign were to sustain growth, attract young customers without alienating existing customers, and strengthen BMW's luxury brand image. The campaign was successful, achieving a 13% sales increase in 2001 and strengthening BMW's brand perception among younger demographics. The document evaluates the success of the campaign and recommends continuing the campaign approach through producing additional short films for distribution online and through DVD, as this leverages the prior success while being cost-effective.
BMW conducted consumer research in the late 1990s that identified four segments of luxury car buyers with different mindsets and values. SIGMA research further predicted significant expansion in the luxury car market beyond traditional demographics. In response, BMW developed new models like the X5, Mini Cooper, and Rolls-Royce Phantom targeted at the upper liberals, modern mainstream, and post-moderns segments respectively. BMW faces opportunities in expanding markets but also threats from rising costs, the economic crisis, and increased competition.
Analysis of BMWs Global Supply Chain Network - its production - distribution ...Sachin Mathews
This document provides an analysis of BMW's global supply chain, including its production, distribution, sourcing strategies, and mechanisms. It begins with an introduction and overview of key aspects of automotive supply chains. It then focuses on BMW's case study, examining its corporate strategy, supply chain design, extensive supplier network management, build-to-order production system, distribution network, and sustainability practices. A SWOT analysis of BMW's supply chain is presented, identifying strengths like its flexible production line and effective supplier relationships, weaknesses such as exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, and opportunities for further improvement. Recommendations are provided for BMW to overcome weaknesses and threats and enhance supply chain performance.
This document provides an overview and analysis of BMW's marketing strategies. It discusses [1] BMW's history beginning as an aircraft manufacturer and its evolution into an automaker known for luxury vehicles. [2] It examines BMW's segmentation, targeting, and positioning strategies, noting its focus on higher-income consumers in Europe and North America. [3] The document analyzes BMW's marketing mix, including its product lines, promotional campaigns, pricing strategies, and distribution channels.
BMW produced 5 short films called "The Hire" starring Clive Owen to promote its brand and vehicles. The films cost $15 million to produce and generated high viewership online. This document considers alternatives for BMW's next marketing initiatives, including producing more short films, making a feature-length film, or utilizing traditional marketing and developing computer games. It recommends the latter option to maximize the value of the existing films, engage younger audiences, and continue portraying BMW's technology-focused brand image in an innovative way.
BMW is a German automaker founded in 1917 that produces automobiles, motorcycles, and bicycles. Headquartered in Munich, BMW employs over 100,000 workers and is a publicly traded company. BMW is best known for its luxury automobiles, including sedan, coupe, convertible, and SUV models across various series like the 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, X, and Z. In 2010, BMW generated over €60 billion in revenue and produced over 1 million automobiles and 112,000 motorcycles.
The document provides an analysis of BMW's market position. It discusses BMW's history, current operations with over 1 million cars sold annually across various brands and regions. A PEST analysis finds rivalry among competitors to be high, threat of new entrants low, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers to be medium and high, and threat of substitutes to be medium. Key competitors like Mercedes, Audi, Porsche, and Lexus are analyzed. BMW's strategy is to be the leading provider of premium products and services. A SWOT analysis finds strengths in branding and innovation and weaknesses in Asian market performance. Opportunities exist in hybrid vehicles and growth markets while threats include competition and regulations. Recommendations include expanding in growth markets
Supply Chain Management in the Motor Vehicle Industry, the Example of Mini.aguesdon
The powerpoint presentation based on my dissertation. It is much less complete than the dissertation itself, as the presentation must only last 3 minutes.
Please feel free to leave any comment or suggestion !
This document discusses filesystems, RPC, HDFS, and I/O schedulers. It provides an overview of Linux kernel I/O schedulers and how they optimize disk access. It then discusses the I/O stack in Linux, including the virtual filesystem (VFS) layer. It describes the NFS client-server model using RPC over TCP/IP and how HDFS uses a similar model with its own APIs. Finally, it outlines the write process in HDFS from the client to data nodes.
Virtualizing Latency Sensitive Workloads and vFabric GemFireCarter Shanklin
This presentation was made by Emad Benjamin of VMware Technical Marketing. Normally I wouldn't upload someone else's preso but I really insisted this get posted and he asked me to help him out.
This deck covers tips and best practices for virtualizing latency sensitive apps on vSphere in general, and takes a deep dive into virtualizing vFabric GemFire, which is a high-performance distributed and memory-optimized key/value store.
Best practices include how to configure the virtual machines and how to tune them appropriately to the hardware the application runs on.
The servers work together to provide a distributed file system. The fileservers store and serve the actual file data. The database servers maintain metadata and authentication. Binary distribution servers provide client software updates. System control servers handle tasks like time synchronization.
Mark Marsiglio - Autoscaling with eZ in the Cloud - A Case StudyeZ Publish Community
The document discusses moving an eZ content management system to the cloud to improve performance, flexibility, and reduce costs. It describes transitioning from dedicated servers to various cloud-based architectures including dedicated cloud servers, auto-scaling instances, and separating applications into single-purpose servers. The final proposed architecture leverages multiple clouds for redundancy and improved disaster recovery.
HDFS is a distributed file system designed for large data sets and hardware failure tolerance. It uses a master/slave architecture with a NameNode master and DataNode slaves. Files are divided into blocks and replicated across DataNodes for reliability. The NameNode manages the file system namespace and monitors DataNodes. DataNodes store blocks and report to the NameNode on block locations and hardware status. HDFS provides APIs, a shell, and browser for accessing data.
NFS v4.0 introduced mandatory strong security, easier firewall deployment, finer access control, and more robust byte-range locking. pNFS extends NFS v4 to allow clients direct access to storage devices for parallel access to files striped across storage. With pNFS, clients obtain layouts from the NFS server mapping files to storage addresses, then perform I/O directly. Layouts can be recalled, data committed, and layouts returned over the control path.
Providing fault tolerance in extreme scale parallel applicationshjjvandam
This document discusses providing fault tolerance in extreme scale parallel applications and what can be learned from the database community. It covers different types of faults including hard faults which kill processes and soft errors. For hard faults, it discusses error detection, data redundancy, transactional vs phased updates, and fault recovery. For soft errors, it discusses characteristics like read and compute errors and approaches like error detection, redundancy, and optimizing vs repeating calculations. The overall goal is to make extreme scale parallel applications more reliable as systems increase in scale and encounter more faults.
Multi site Clustering with Windows Server 2008 EnterprisePaulo Freitas
This document discusses multi-site clustering with Microsoft Failover Clustering. It describes how multi-site clustering protects against datacenter loss through replication of data between sites. Key aspects covered include benefits of multi-site clustering, deployment considerations, replication solutions, network configurations, faster failover techniques using DNS and VLANs, quorum models, and best practices.
The Google File System (GFS) was designed for large file storage with a focus on high bandwidth and reliability. It uses a single master node to manage metadata and multiple chunkservers to store file data replicas. Files are divided into 64MB chunks which are replicated across servers for fault tolerance. The design prioritizes streaming reads and append writes through a relaxed consistency model.
Pithos is an object storage service similar to Amazon S3 that is written in Python. It has clients for various platforms that communicate with its REST API based on the OpenStack Object Storage API. The Pithos client is a .NET application that synchronizes local folders to Pithos accounts. It handles file events asynchronously using multiple agents to avoid hanging, while efficiently hashing and uploading/downloading large files over unstable networks.
The document describes a system called Libra, formerly known as PROSE, which aims to run applications in isolated partitions for improved control, reliability and performance. It allows creating specialized kernels as easily as applications. Resources are shared between partitions using the 9P2000 protocol over a unified file namespace. This allows finer-grained control over system services while maintaining simplicity and reliability.
We develop a consistent mutable replication extension for NFSv4 tuned to meet the rigorous demands of large-scale data sharing in global collaborations. The system uses a hierarchical replication control protocol that dynamically elects a primary server at various granularities. Experimental evaluation indicates a substantial performance advantage over a single server system. With the introduction of the hierarchical replication control, the overhead of replication is negligible even when applications mostly write and replication servers are widely distributed.
Sql server 2012 - always on deep dive - bob duffyAnuradha
The document provides an overview of a presentation by Bob Duffy on SQL Server 2012 Always On. It outlines Bob Duffy's background and experience, the agenda for the presentation which includes topics like typical high availability and disaster recovery requirements, installing and migrating to Always On availability groups, planned and automated failover, active secondary replicas, and integration with failover clustering. It also includes a case study on requirements for a fictional company and describes typical high availability architectures.
AWS Summit 2011: High Availability Database Architectures in AWS CloudAmazon Web Services
This document discusses database high availability architecture on AWS. It covers general HA principles, HA database options on AWS including Amazon RDS, and technologies for achieving HA such as backups, replication, and Multi-AZ deployments. Asynchronous replication allows for lower latency but lower durability than synchronous replication. Logical replication replicates database statements while physical replication replicates block changes. Amazon RDS provides automated backups, replication, and failover across Availability Zones to improve database availability and durability.
OpenStorage with OpenStack allows for storage software to be open source without vendor lock-in. NexentaStor is a leading OpenStorage solution that provides file and block access running on standard hardware. It utilizes technologies like deduplication, compression, thin provisioning, and triple parity RAID to provide storage efficiency and data protection. NexentaStor integrates with OpenStack Nova to provision and manage volumes, leveraging cloning to quickly create new volumes from snapshots. Cloud storage use cases like disaster recovery and long term archives can benefit from using NexentaStor with OpenStack.
OpenStorage with OpenStack allows storage software to be open source without vendor lock-in. It uses open data formats and some or all of the components no longer need to come from the same vendor. NexentaStor is a leading OpenStorage solution that can be used with OpenStack Nova to provision volumes from snapshots for virtual machines efficiently using cloning. NexentaStor provides features like deduplication, compression, thin provisioning and triple parity RAID that are beneficial for cloud storage and virtual environments.
The document summarizes different high availability solutions in SQL Server 2012, including AlwaysOn Failover Cluster Instances, AlwaysOn Availability Groups, and Database Mirroring. It defines key terms like primary/secondary databases and replicas. It also describes the benefits of each solution, such as automatic failover, read-only access on secondaries, and support for different storage options.
The mighty cloud draws businesses and developers who seek its agility and productivity. But which type of cloud is best? We moved eBay Marketplace, a major eCommerce site, from a traditional infrastructure to a cloud model. We will present the strategic, technical and cost factors we weighed when deciding between cloud versus automation, and porting applications versus rewriting them. We will explain why we ended up with a hybrid: developing our own internal cloud while leveraging the massive infrastructure of public cloud providers.
The Google File System (GFS) is designed for large datasets and frequent component failures. It uses a single master node to track metadata for files broken into large chunks and stored across multiple chunkservers. The design prioritizes high throughput for large streaming reads and writes over small random access. Fault tolerance is achieved through replicating chunks across servers and recovering lost data from logs.
This document provides an overview of using CMake for building ILC software projects. It discusses CMake basics like CMakeLists.txt files, variables, and commands. It then describes special considerations for ILC projects, such as using variables to define dependencies and common macros. Templates are provided for CMakeLists.txt files and setting build options via a BuildSetup.cmake file.
This document discusses distributed systems, focusing on scalability and high availability. It covers scaling systems vertically by adding resources to a single node, and horizontally by adding more nodes. It also discusses handling failures through redundancy, failover, and replicas. A key challenge discussed is the CAP theorem, which states that a distributed system can only guarantee two of three properties: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance.
The document discusses range queries on binary search trees and kd-trees. It presents algorithms for performing basic range queries that traverse a binary search tree to find and report all nodes within a given range. It also describes algorithms that color nodes of the binary search tree to optimize range queries and divide the search space. Finally, it discusses how to build kd-trees for multi-dimensional range queries and presents an example of using a range tree that stores data in a binary search tree ordered on one dimension and a secondary binary search tree ordered on another dimension within each node.
Bitcask is a log-structured hash table for fast key/value data storage. It was developed for use in Riak but can be used as a standalone local key/value store. Bitcask writes new key/value entries by appending to an active file and updates an in-memory keydir. Periodically it merges files to compact data and remove old versions, producing new immutable files. This approach provides low-latency random access, high write throughput, and crash tolerance without losing data.
Skip lists are a probabilistic data structure that can be used as an alternative to balanced binary search trees. Skip lists use randomization rather than strict balancing to maintain efficiency. Search, insertion, and deletion algorithms for skip lists are simpler and faster than equivalent algorithms for balanced trees due to this probabilistic balancing approach. Skip lists provide efficiency similar to randomly balanced search trees but do not require random insertion order.
The document summarizes the Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM-Tree) data structure. It was designed to provide low-cost indexing for files experiencing high rates of record inserts and deletes over time. The LSM-Tree batches and defers index changes, cascading them efficiently from memory to disk like merge sort. This reduces disk arm movements compared to indexes like B-trees. The LSM-Tree is most useful for applications where inserts are more common than lookups that retrieve entries.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
2. Agenda
Context
Google File System
Aims
Design
Walk through
MapReduce
Aims
Design
Walk through
Conclusion
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 2
3. Context
Google‘s scalability strategy
Cheap hardware
Lots of it
More than 450.000 servers (NYT, 2006)
Basic Problems
Faults are the norm
Software must be massively parallelized
Writing distributed software is hard
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 3
4. GFS: Aims
Aims
Must scale to thousands of servers
Fault tolerance/Data redundancy
Optimize for large WORM files
Optimize for large reads
Favor throughput over latency
Non-Aims
Space efficiency
Client side caching futile
POSIX compliance
Significant deviation from standard DFS (NFS, AFS, DFS, …)
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 4
5. Design Choices
File system cluster
Spread data over thousands of machines
Provide safety by redundant storage
Master/Slave architecture
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 5
6. Design Choices
Files split into chunks
Unit of management and distribution
Replicated across servers
Subdivided into blocks for integrity checks
Accept internal fragmentation for better throughput
GFS …
File System
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 6
7. Architecture: Chunkserver
Host chunks
Store chunks as files in Linux FS
Verify data integrity
Implemented entirely in user mode
Fault tolerance
Fail requests on integrity violation detection
All chunks stored on at least one other server
Re-replication restores server after downtime
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 7
8. Architecture: Master
Namespace and metadata management
Cluster management
Chunk location registry (transient)
Chunk placement decisions
Re-replication, Garbage collection
Health monitoring
Fault tolerance
Backed by shadow masters
Mirrored operations log
Periodic snapshots
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 8
9. Reading a chunk
Send filename and offset
Determine file and chunk
Return chunk locations
and version
Choose closest server
and request chunk
Verify chunk version and
block checksums
Return data if valid, else
fail request
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 9
10. Writing a chunk
Send filename and offset
Determine lease owner/
grant lease
Return chunk locations
and lease owner
Push data to any chunkserver
Forward along replica chain
Send write request to primary
Create mutation order, apply
Forward write request
Validate blocks, apply
modifications , inc version, ack
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing
Reply to client 10
11. Appending a record (1/2)
Send append request
Choose offset
Return chunk locations
and lease owner
Push data to any chunkserver
Forward along replica chain
Send append request
Check for left space in chunk
Pad chunk and request retry
Request chunk allocation
Return chunk locations
and lease owner
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 11
12. Appending a record (2/2)
Send append request
Allocate chunk, write data
Forward request to replicas
Write data, failure occurs
Fail request
A A A Client retries
Padding Padding Padding Write data
B B Garbage Forward request to replicas
B B B
Write data
Free Free Free
Free Free Free Success
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 12
13. File Region Consistency
File region states:
Consistent All clients see same data
Defined Consistent ^ clients see change in its entirety
Inconsistent
Consequences
Unique record IDs to identify duplicates
Records should be self-identifying and self-validating
B B Garbage inconsistent
B B B defined
D
Free
C D
Free
C D
Free
C consistent
defined
C C C
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 13
14. Fault tolerance GFS
Automatic re-replication
Replicas are spread across racks
Fault mitigations
Data corruption choose different replica
Machine crash choose replica on different machine
Network outage choose replica in different network
Master crash shadow masters
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 14
15. Wrap-up GFS
Proven scalability, fault tolerance and performance
Highly specialized
Distribution transparent to clients
Only partial abstraction – clients must cooperate
Network is the bottleneck
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 15
16. MapReduce: Aims
Aims
Unified model for large scale distributed data processing
Massively parallelizable
Distribution transparent to developer
Fault tolerance
Allow moving of computation close to data
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 16
17. Higher order functions
Functional: map(f, [a, b, c, …])
a b c
f f f
f(a) f(b) f(c)
Google: map(k, v)
(k, v)
map
(f(k1), f(v1)) (f(k1), f(v1)) (f(k1), f(v1))
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 17
18. Higher order functions
Functional: foldl/reduce(f, [a, b, c, …], i)
f
f c
f b
i a
Google: reduce(k, [a, b, c, d, …])
a b c d
f(a) – f(c, d)
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 18
19. Idea
Observation
Map can be easily parallelized
Reduce might be parallelized
Idea
Design application around map and reduce scheme
Infrastructure manages scheduling and distribution
User implements map and reduce
Constraints
All data coerced into key/value pairs
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 19
20. Walkthrough
Spawn master
Provide data
e.g. from GFS or BigTable
Create M splits
Spawn M mappers
Map
Once per key/value pair
Partition into R buckets
Mappers Combiners Reducers Spawn up to R*M combiners
Combine
Barrier
Spawn up to R reducers
Reduce
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 20
21. Scheduling
Locality
Mappers scheduled close to data
Chunk replication improves locality
Reducers run on same machine as mappers
Choosing M and R
Load balancing & fast recovery vs. number of output files
M >> R, R small multiple of #machines
Schedule backup tasks to avoid stragglers
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 21
22. Fault tolerance MapReduce
Fault mitigations
Map crash
All intermediate data in questionable state
Repeat all map tasks of machine
Rationale of barrier
Reduce crash
Data is global, completed stages marked
Repeat crashed resuce task only
Master crash
start over
Repeated crashs on certain records
Skip records
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 22
23. Wrap-up MapReduce
Proven scalability
Restrict programming model for better runtime support
Tailored to Google’s needs
Programming model is fairly low-level
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 23
24. Conclusion
Rethinking infrastructure
Consequent design for scalability and performance
Highly specialized solutions
Not generally applicable
Solutions more low-level than usual
Maintenance efforts may be significant
„We believe we get tremendous competitive advantage by
essentially building our own infrastructures“
--Eric Schmidt
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 24
25. References
Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat, “MapReduce: Simplified Data
Processing on Large Clusters”, 2004
Sanjay Ghemawat, Howard Gobioff, and Shun-Tak Leung,
“The Google File System”, 2003
Ralf Lämmel, “Google's MapReduce Programming Model –
Revisited”, SCP journal, 2006
Google, “Cluster Computing and MapReduce”,
http://code.google.com/edu/content/submissions/mapreduce-
minilecture/listing.html, 2007
David F. Carr, “How Google Works”,
http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Projects-Networks-and-
Storage/How-Google-Works/, 2006
Colby Ranger, Ramanan Raghuraman, Arun Penmetsa, Gary Bradski,
Christos Kozyrakis, “Evaluating MapReduce for Multi-core and
Multiprocessor Systems”, 2007
13.04.2008 Johannes Passing 25