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![• Keep individual oriented to day
night cycles:
–Regular clothes during the day
–Open curtains during the day]
–Close curtains at night
–Pajamas at night](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/geriatricsppt-160807191450/85/Geriatrics-ppt-54-320.jpg)
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Geriatrics ppt
- 1. Geriatric Care JAMES VALLEYVOCATIONAL TECHNICAL CENTER
- 2. MYTHS • Elderly peopleare incompetent and incapable of making decisions or handling their own affairs. • Most elderly live in nursing homes • All elderly people live in poverty
- 3. • Older peopleare lonely and unhappy • Elderly do not want to work • “Old Age” begins a 65 • Retirement ends your active life
- 4. Physical Changes ofAging • Most physical changes that occur with aging are gradual and take place over a long period of time. In addition, the rate and degree of change varies among individuals.
- 5. • Factors suchas disease can increase the speed and degree of the changes. Lifestyle, nutrition, economic status, and social environment can also have effects. • If an individual can recognize the changes as a/an normal part of aging, the individual can usually learn to adapt to & cope with change
- 6. Integumentary System Changes• Production ofnew skin cells decreases • Oil and Sweat glands become less active • Circulation decreases
- 7. • Hair lossescolor, and hair loss occurs • Skin becomes less elastic & dry • Itching is common • Dark yellow or brown colored spots appear –Senile lentigines (liver spots)
- 8. • Fatty tissuelayer of skin diminishes • Lines and wrinkles appear • Nails become thick, tough, and brittle • Increased sensitivity to temperature
- 9. Care of Skin •Use mild soap • Bath oils or lanolin lotion • Bath or Shower once or twice a week • Brush Hair daily
- 10. • Shampoo asoften as needed for cleanliness and comfort • Care for sore or injuries immediately • Socks, sweaters, lap blankets, and layers of clothing will help alleviate the feeling of coldness
- 11. • Because ofthe need for oxygen and nutrients the elderly may experience: –Weakness –Dizziness –Numbness in hands & feet –Rapid heart beat
- 12. Circulatory System Care • Withcirculatory changes: –Avoid strenuous exercise or over exertion –Periods of rest –Moderate exercise, according to individual’s tolerance
- 13. • Prevent theformation of a blood clot (thrombus) –Support stockings, anti- embolism hose –DO NOT wear garters or tight bands around legs –If confined to bed •ROM
- 14. • High BloodPressure = –Diet low in salt –Decrease fat intake –Exercise as recommended by physician
- 15. Respiratory Changes • Respiratorymuscles become weaker • Rib cage more rigid • Alveoli thinner & less elastic which decreases exchange of gases - emphysema
- 16. • Bronchioles loseelasticity • Changes in larynx lead to higher pitched & weaker voice • Chronic diseases may decrease the efficiency of the respiratory system even more severely
- 17. • Changes maycause the elderly to experience: –Dyspnea •Breathing increases in rate •Difficulty coughing up secretions •Increases susceptibility to infections such as a cold or pneumonia
- 18. Respiratory Care • Alternateactivity with periods of rest • Proper body alignment & positioning • Sleep in semi-fowlers position –Use 2 or 3 pillows
- 19. • Avoid pollutedair • Breath deeply & cough frequently • May need continuous oxygen therapy
- 20. Nervous System Changes • Bloodflow to brain decreases & there is a progressive loss of brain cells - - Interferes with –Thinking - Reacting –Interpreting - Remembering
- 21. • Senses oftaste, smell, vision, & hearing are diminished • Nerve endings less sensitive –Decreased ability to respond to pain and other stimuli • Decrease in taste& smell frequently affects appetite
- 22. • Changes invision –Problems reading small print –Seeing objects at a distance –Decrease in peripheral vision –Decrease in night vision –Increased sensitivity to glare –Cataracts –Glaucoma
- 23. • Changes inhearing –Hearing loss usually gradual –Person may speak louder than usual –Ask for words to be repeated –Not hear high frequency sounds –May not hear well in crowded places
- 24. • Decreased sensationto pain & other stimuli = more susceptible –Burns –Frostbite –Cuts –Fractures –Muscle strain and other injuries
- 25. Digestive Changes • Fewerdigestive juices and enzymes produced • Muscle action becomes slower & peristalsis decreases • Teeth are lost • Liver function decreases
- 26. • Dysphagia isfrequent complaint –Less saliva –Slower gag reflex –Loss of teeth –Poor fitting dentures • Slower digestion of food –indigestion
- 27. • Decrease peristalsis –Increaseflatulence (gas) –Constipation • Decrease sensation of taste –Poor appetite –Poor diet
- 28. Digestive Care • Goodoral hygiene • Repair or replace damaged teeth • Relaxed eating atmosphere • High-fiber high-protein foods with different tastes and textures • Seasoning to improve taste • Increased fluid intake
- 29. Urinary Changes • Kidneysdecrease in size & become less efficient • Bladder becomes less efficient –May not hold as much –May not empty completely –incontinence
- 30. Urinary Care • Increasefluid intake –Decrease before bedtime • Regular trips to bathroom • Easy to remove clothing • Absorbent pads
- 31. Endocrine Changes • Increasedproduction of some hormones and decreased of others • Immune system less effective • BMR decreases • Intolerance to glucose
- 32. Endocrine Care • Properexercise • Adequate rest • Medical care for illness • Balanced diet • Healthy lifestyle
- 33. Reproductive System Changes • Decreaseof estrogen / progesterone in female –Thinning of vaginal wall –Decrease vaginal secretions –Inflammation of vagina common
- 34. –Weakness in supportingtissue: •Uterus sags downward (Uterine prolapse) –Breasts sag when fat redistributed • Decrease in Testosterone –Slow production of sperm –Response to sexual stimuli slower –Testes smaller less firm
- 35. • Male andFemale –Sexual desire may or may not decrease • Advantages of sex in elderly –Improves muscle tone & circulation –Pain from arthritis seems to decrease
- 36. Reproductive Care • Understandphysical and psychological sexual needs of the elderly –Allow married couples to be in the same room –Give privacy to consenting elderly
- 37. Psychocosocial Changes • Some individualcope with psychosocial changes, and others experience extreme frustration and mental distress
- 38. • Fears ofa sick person: –Death –Chronic illness –Loss of function –Pain
- 39. • Dealing withfears created by an illness: –Listening –Patience –Understanding –Provide support
- 40. Confusion and Disorientation • Sixsigns: –Talking incoherently –Not knowing their name –Not recognizing others –Wandering aimlessly –Lacking awareness of time or place
- 41. –Displaying hostile and combativebehavior –Hallucinating –Regressing in behavior –Paying less attention to personal hygiene –Inability to respond to simple commands or instructions
- 42. • Causes oftemporary confusion / disorientation –Stress and/or depression –Use of alcohol or chemicals –Kidney disease –Respiratory disease –Liver disease –Medication
- 43. • Diseases: –CVA –Arteriosclerosis –Atherosclerosis •Cause TIA’sministrokes which result in temporary periods of diminished blood flow to the brain.
- 44. • Dementia –Loss ofmental ability characterized by a decrease in intellectual ability, loss of memory, impaired judgement, personality change, and disorientation
- 45. • Acute dementia –Whenthe symptoms are caused by temporary reason: •High fever, dehydration, hypoxia • Chronic dementia –When symptoms are caused by permanent, irreversible damage to brain cells
- 46. Alzheimer’s Disease • Formof dementia that causes progressive changes in brain cells
- 47. Early Stages: • Memoryloss • Mood & personality changes • Depression • Poor judgment • Confusion regarding time & place • Inability to plan and follow through with ADLs
- 48. Middle Stages: • Nightime restlessness • Mood swings increase • Personal hygiene ignored • Weight fluctuates • Paranoia & hallucinations • Full time supervision needed
- 49. Late Stages: • Totaldisorientation • Incoherent • Unable to communicate with words • Loses control of bladder & bowel functions
- 50. • Develops seizures •Loses weight despite eating a balanced diet • Becomes totally dependent • Lapses into a coma • Dies
- 51. • Certain aspectsof care should be followed with any confused or disorientated individual. Provide a/an safe and secure environment, follow the same routine, keep activities simple and last for short periods of time.
- 52. Avoid loud noises,crowded rooms, and excessive commotion. Promote awareness of person, time, and place by providing reality orientation (RO)
- 53. Reality Orientation: • Addressperson by name preferred • Avoid: sweetie, baby, honey • State your name, correct elderly if calls you by the wrong name • Make reference to day, time, place • Use clocks, calendars, bulletin bd.
- 54. • Keep individualoriented to day night cycles: –Regular clothes during the day –Open curtains during the day] –Close curtains at night –Pajamas at night
- 55. • Speak slowly,clearly / ask clear & simple questions • Never rush or hurry the individual • Repeat instructions patiently, allow time for ind. to reaspond • Encourage conversations about familiar things or current events
- 56. • Encourage useof tv, radio without overstimulating them • Be sure ind. uses sensory aids • Keep familiar objects in view Avoid moving furniture & belongings • Do not agree with incorrect statements
- 57. • Do nothesitate to touch communicate with person • Avoid arguments • Encourage independence and self help whenever possible
- 58. Meeting the Elderly Needs •Culture: the values, beliefs, ideas, customs, and characteristics that are passed from one generation to the next.
- 59. • Areas affectedby an individual’s culture: –Language –Food habits –Dress –Work –Leisure activities –Health care
- 60. • The spiritualbeliefs and practices of an individual is called their religion. It is important to accept an individual’s belief without bias, and that health care workers not force their own religious beliefs on the ind. being cared for.
- 61. • Respect andConsideratin of a persons religious beliefs –Proper treatment of religious articles –Allow person to practice religion –Honor request for special food –Provide privacy during clergy visits
- 62.
- 63. • Report anyabuse observed to proper agency • Reasons elderly do not report abuse –Feel they deserve the abuse –Want to protect abuser
- 64. • Ombudsman isa specially trained individual who works with the elderly and their families, health care providers, and other concerned individual. To improve quality of care and quality of life.