This short presentation describes geopolitics, geostrategy and geoeconomy issues in the context of global, regional and national perspective

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Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral
Republik Indonesia
Disampaikan pada Kuliah Umum AKAMIGAS – Palembang
Contemporary Issues in Energy and Mineral
Resources
12 November 2022
Sampe L. Purba
Staf Ahli Menteri ESDM Bidang Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam

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Agenda
1. General Features of Energy Issues
2. Regional Issues in Energy
3. Climate Change and Energy Transition
4. MIGAS Issues
5. Concluding Remarks

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GENERAL FEATURES OF ENERGY ISSUES
GLOBAL
REGIONAL
NATIONAL
LOCAL
CLIMATE CHANGE
SUPPLY – DEMAND DISRUPTION
AVAILABILITY
ACCESSSIBILITY
AFFORDABILITY
PERMIT AND LICENSE
WORK FORCE
SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENT
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4. 4
Geopolitics – Geostrategy – Geoeconomy : Energy
• Geopolitics: Application of the influence of political and economy
geography international relations [economy, politics, foreign policy, power,
etc]
• Geostrategy : A decisive points with spatial consideration, by taking into
account the driving forces of demography, culture, technology, resources
and its mobility to meet national objectives
• Geoeconomics : Capitalizing Economy to pursue geopolitical objectives
Territory, Resources or Influence
Instruments : Trade policy, investment policy, Financial and monetary,
energy and commodities, aid/ assistance and cyber
Energy Policy Ecosystem: Energy Source Management, Transformation,
Supporting Value Chain, Distribution and Allocation
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@Sampe, 2022
It’s all about NATIONAL INTEREST

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Geoeconomy : The Power of Number – Playing your cards well
@Rystard Energy, 2022
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6. 6
6
REGIONAL ISSUES WE LIVE IN
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7. 7
Oil and Gas Major Trading Routes
The Economist, 2019
BP Statistical Review, 2021
Nov-22 7
Sampe Purba - Geoeconomy and
Disturbance in major lines will bring DISRUPTION to the whole system

8. 8
Australia – Asia Power Link
• 4,200 KM
HVDC
Subsea line
• 17-20 GWp
Solar Arrays
• Battery
Storage 36
-42 GWh
https://suncable.id/

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FOOTPRINT OF BIG INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES IN CO2 EMISSION
9
https://ourworldindata.
org/grapher/annual-
share-of-co2-
emissions?time
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When China Overtakes US
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD

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Big Countries Keep Producing Oil and Gas (and coal)
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✔ We don’t hear much about the effort and technology they apply such as CCS and CCUS
✔ The statistics suggests, the developing Countries produce a highest CO2 emissions per
capita

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Transitional Energy : Fossil based to Mineral
How Major responds :
✔ Supply Chain domination, responsible mining, governance, women and children rights,
transparency
✔ Money Laundry, Criminal related organization, terrorism support
✔ Critical Minerals – Defence Production Act

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Electricity, GDP per Capita and CO2 Emission per Capita, 2020
The Selected data from
Selected Countries suggest
that :
✔ Indonesia is the LOWEST
CO2 emissions Per CAPITA
in the WORLD
✔ China and USA are the main
producers of Electricity
✔ Apparently Countries with
high GDP per Capita tends
to emit more CO2 compares
with the Developing
Countries 13

14. 14
Issues in Upstream Oil and Gas
✔ Natural Resources – Geological Heritage
✔ Fiscal Terms
✔ Regulatory – Permits – Security Issues
COMPETITIVENESS
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15. 15

16. 16
UPSTREAM
(HULU)
DOWN
STREAM
(HILIR)
PENGGUNA AKHIR TRANSPORTASI DEP
O
KILANG MINYAK
INDUSTRI
SPBU
BBM
EKSPOR
IV. EKSPLORASI - EKSPLOITASI (PRODUKSI) - LIFTING
PENGAPALAN
PIPA
Minyak/Gas
DEVISA
EXPORT
INDUSTRI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI INDONESIA
I. SURVEY UMUM & PENYIAPAN WILAYAH KERJA
II. PENAWARAN DAN PENUNJUKKAN KONTRAKTOR
III. PENANDA TANGANAN KONTRAK KERJA SAMA
V. PENJUALAN MIGAS – PENYEDIAAN MIGAS – PENYEDIAAN BBM – KEGIATAN HILIR LAINNYA
SKK Migas :
Melakukan Pengawasan
dan Pengendalian
terhadap pelaksanaan
Kontrak Kerja Sama
BU/BUT:
Melakukan Kegiatan
Eksplorasi & Eksploitasi
BPH Migas:
Melakukan pengawasan pelaksanaan
penyediaan dan pendistribusian BBM
dan pengangkutan Gas Bumi melalui Pipa
PERTAMINA:
Melakukan penyediaan dan distribusi
BBM subsidi
BU:
Melakukan Kegiatan Usaha Hilir
MESDM/
DIRJEN MIGAS:
Menyelengg
arakan
Urusan
Kepemerint
ahan,
Menetapkan
Kebijakan,
dan
Mengawasi
Kepatuhan
Terhadap
Peraturan
Yang
Berlaku

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Penyediaan Energi Untuk Bangsa

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Concluding Remarks
✔ Energy dynamics should always be put in the context
of global – regional – national and local context
✔ National Interest governs our Energy Policy
✔ Collaborative minds and actions among stakeholders
are key to achieve competitiveness
✔ Young generations as agent of developments are
frontier guards to shape our nation futures
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19. 19
Terima Kasih – Thank You
Sampe L. Purba
Scholar : Universitas Pertahanan
LEMHANNAS RI
Background Knowledges
EKONOMY, LAW, GEOSTRATEGY
ENERGY
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20. 20
Terima Kasih
&
Follow Kami