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GEOSPATIAL DATA & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- 1. GEOSPATIAL DATA & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Bhanu Rekha Geospatial Media & Communications
- 3. Development Implications • Migrants-affordable housing • Skewed Land Use • Managing Scant Resources • Rising pollution and health issues • Increasing pressure on civic amenities • Transportation travails
- 4. Sustainable Development “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” - World Commission on Environment & Development
- 6. Thailand – SD Path Sufficiency Economy
- 7. Thailand – SD Path Source: World Bank
- 9. Sept 2015: UN Adopts SDGs Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): 2000-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): 2015-2030
- 11. Key to Monitor SDG Progress Pic Courtesy: USGS
- 13. Geospatial Data for SDG Monitoring Pic Courtesy: UNGGIM
- 14. SDG on Zero Hunger SDG Goal & Target 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality. Indicator 2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive and sustainable agriculture
- 17. Need of the Hour: Quality Geospatial Data in Space & Time
- 18. Goal 17 of SDGs Data Monitoring and accountability: 17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity building to developing countries, including for least developed countries and small island developing States, to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts
- 19. Now is the moment! The global geospatial community, particularly through national geospatial information agencies, has a unique opportunity to integrate geospatial information into the global development agenda in a more holistic and sustainable manner, specifically in measuring and monitoring the targets and indicators of the SDGs -- Greg Scott, Inter-Regional Advisor, UN-GGIM
- 20. Goal 17 of SDGs Multi-stakeholder partnerships 17.16 Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, complemented by multi-stakeholder partnerships that mobilise and share knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, to support the achievements of the SDGs in all countries. 17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, public- private and civil society partnerships.
- 21. Global Partnerships • GEO’s GI-18 initiative - to organise & realise potential of EO to advance the 2030 Agenda • GEO - UN-GGIM partnership to build processes, mechanisms and capacity to integrate EO, geospatial and statistical information
- 23. Bottom-Up Approach • Evolve & Integrate geospatial policies in sync with government’s development plans • Creating New Data Avenues • Open Access to Data • Mainstreaming Geospatial Data • Expanding Capacities • Making existing NSDIs/SDIs/equivalent orgns relevant
- 24. Geospatial for Sustainable Development • Collaborative approach to link – demographic, statistical, EO, geospatial, environmental • Private Industry Stakeholding • Sensitizing Political & Administrative Class • Continuous dialogue with partners • Expanding Capacities
- 25. Geospatial & Economic Growth Geospatial contributes $21bn to Canadian GDP
- 26. Geospatial & Economic Growth Impact of Geoinfo on Irish economy: Euro 63 mn; Economy-wide impact: Euro 126.4 mn
- 27. Task Ahead To push the ‘geospatial value proposition’ envelope to governments & decision-makers at every level
- 28. THANK YOU!!
Editor's Notes
- 43% of Mumbai population are migrants
- King Bhumibol Adulyadej Sufficiency economy philosophy uses a holistic approach to solve problems, All projects are executed with consideration of public benefit first, as basis for the personal benefits that would naturally follow. All-around awareness, knowledge and prudence in the application of knowledge, as well as virtue, are critically important. When one is aware of the effects that may arise from one’s own actions, negative outcomes can be prevented. That understanding promote balance in economy, society, environment and culture. The philosophy has become widely recognized internationally as a key approach to sustainable development, and has played a vital role in developing many nations. the sufficiency economy philosophy sees the problems differently. It starts with a basic concept or attitude saying that we live together as a mass of people in the world, so we should maximize the use of natural resources and build immunity for the future – a concept drawn from seeing the world as it is
- Thailand became an upper middle income economy in 2011 – Remarkable progress has been made social and economic development – moving from low to upper income in less than a generation.
- In Sept 2000, United Nations adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing to reduce extreme poverty and set up a series of time-bound targets with a deadline of 2015 – MDGs. MDGs had quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty, hunger, disease, lack of shelter, gender equality, education and environmental sustainability. Significant progress has been made in a number of areas, though the progress remains uneven and in some cases the MDGs are completely off-track Thailand has made a great deal of progress in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and has developed its own MDG-Plus targets.
- The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and the 169 associated targets, which are integrated, indivisible and cross-cutting, promise to achieve sustainable development in three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced way. The Goals and Targets have come into effect from 1st January, 2016 and will guide the decisions and actions of Member States for the next 15 years. The Inter-Agency and Expert group on SDG Indicators has also developed a detailed report on the indicator framework for each of the Goals and Targets set forth by the Agenda. The United Nations commits to engaging in systematic follow-up and review of the implementation of this Agenda over the next 15 years at national, regional and global levels.
- The monitoring of the MDGs taught us that data are an indispensable element of the development agenda The MDG monitoring experience has clearly demonstrated that effective use of data can help to galvanize development efforts, implement successful targeted interventions, track performance and improve accountability. Thus sustainable development demands a data revolution to improve the availability, quality, timeliness and disaggregation of data to support the implementation of the new development agenda at all levels. The basic objective of the 2030 Agenda – that no one is to be left behind. To be able to make this a reality, effective and evidence based planning and periodic reviews are needed and this will require quality, accessible, timely and reliable disaggregated data
- We are living in a world of data paradox. While we see that certain societies are experiencing a deluge of data. This is not a uniform scenario across the world. Developed economies are grappling with an abundance of data while there are parts of globe where data scarcity prevails. This is the paradox of data revolution. The paradox is symptomatic of a broader disparity. Those countries/societies experiencing data scarcity are also those that tend to be the most vulnerable, particularly with respect to poverty, gender inequality, conflict and extremism, disasters and climate change. In fact the 2030 Agenda acknowledges that baseline data for several of the targets remains unavailable and calls for increased support for strengthening data collection and capacity development in Member States, to develop national and global baselines where they do not yet exist.
- Paragraph 76 of the Outcome Document of 2030 Agenda mentions is significance of geospatial information in measuring and monitoring the SDGs. The UN vows to support developing countries, particularly African countries and least developed countries in strengthening the capacity of national statistical offices and data systems to ensure access to high-quality, timely, reliable and disaggregated data. Geospatial Media has recently published a White Paper on how “Geospatial Information – Key to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”
- Goal 2 of SDGs talks about ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture. Target 2.4 of this Goal talks about ensuring sustainable food production and implementing resilient agricultural practices to increase productivity. For achieving Goal 2.4, the indicator framework mandates countries to periodically monitor and estimate the proportion of agricultural land under such resilient practices. It also mandates that the indicators should be disaggregated where relevant. Where are the farms that adopted technology and increased productivity? Where are agricultural yields diminished due to soil degradation? Which areas are more prone to natural disasters or to the effects of climate change? These and many more questions need to be answered to be able to estimate the proportion of agricultural land under productive and sustainable agriculture.
- Increasingly today, comprehensive and accurate location-based information drawn from high resolution satellite- and aerial-earth observation data are being used, to support such measuring and monitoring outcomes. Satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques help both large- and small-scale farmers detect variability in crop health and soil conditions so they can better manage fields and maximize their yield. The use of drones for farm-level observations has reduced the cost and time implications significantly. Collected at local, national and global levels, and supported by IT tools and other best available technologies, earth observation data can play a critical and insightful role in monitoring the targets, tracking the progress and helping countries make mid-term corrections to their Sustainable Development Goals and targets. When combined with demographic and statistical data, these data and analyses can enable nations monitor change over a period of time in a standard format and make decisions.
- Wheat crop conditions as of Feb 28, 2016 In agriculture, GEO’s Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) initiative is worth citing. It sends out periodic crop monitor reports, strengthens the international community’s capacity to produce and disseminate relevant, timely and accurate forecasts of agricultural production at national, regional and global scales using earth observations, including satellite and ground-based observations
- The monitoring of MDGs taught us that data are an indispensable element of Sustainable Development Agenda. Despite improvement, critical data especially geospatial data, for development policymaking are still inadequate. Understanding that quality, accessible, timely and reliable disaggregated data will be needed for the success of SDG Agenda, the United Nations agreed to intensify efforts to strengthen statistical capacities in developing countries and least developed countries. Goal 17 explicitly discussed the need to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
- This is not an easy task as very little is understood regarding the role of geography in sustainable development processes at the inter-governmental level, including how geospatial information can be applied to sustainable development, and how policies can be implemented to bring the two together in a coherent and integrated manner. However, at country level, a few common threads could be identified in line with the SDG Goals and targets that could potentially be useful in many developing countries.
- The initiative aims to enable countries and organisations to leverage EO to support the implementation, planning, monitoring, reporting and evaluation of the SDGs and their normative societal benefits.
- work closely with and support the national statistical offices
- Creating New Data Avenues: The 2030 Agenda demands the need for new data acquisition and integration approaches to improve the availability, quality, timeliness and disaggregation of data to support the implementation of the development agenda at all levels. Encouraging new and innovative approaches to EO data creation including small satellites, drones and crowdsourcing will facilitate rapid data creation and access in real and near-real time Open Access to Data: Opening up archival data, open data access including free access to data is necessary to be able to address the ‘furthest behind’. Mainstreaming EO: Earth observation data and analyses are already being used sporadically in various sectors that contribute to sustainable development, including agriculture, climate change, disaster management and monitoring urban change. The need now is to mandate and mainstream the use of earth observation data and tools across the policy continuum, especially for the environment policy. This will augur democratization of EO and will bring a positive spurt in data production, easy and free online access of quality archival / current data, thereby accelerating the uptake and application of EO data closing the gaps highlighted by data paradox. Expanding Capacities: Even where data is available, developing countries are limited in their capacities – IT infrastructure, technology to process and analyze data and human resources. The 2030 Agenda recognizes this roadblock and recommends progressive capacity development mechanisms, which countries need to adopt and step-up their capacities. To this end, governments need to take stock of their existing and expected capacity needs and evolve mechanisms to find strong mission partners to fund and fill the existing gaps. Make NSDIs Relevant: The 2030 Agenda can act as a trigger in revitalizing and making the national spatial data infrastructures (NSDIs), national geospatial information agencies and/or equivalent apex bodies/mechanisms that exist in many countries relevant to meet the needs of SDGs. This will also build a consensus on the need to integrate the NSDI within national government’s development plans. An NSDI strategy that is anchored to sustainable development, as an overarching theme, would provide an ‘information’ approach to national policy and implementation. It would also bring the analysis and evidence-base to the process, and thereby a consistent monitoring and reporting framework, that would benefit all areas of government. Collaborative Approach: Collaborative approaches need to be encouraged to link different data – demographic, statistical, earth observations, environmental and other societal geospatial data together with the one thing they have in common – to geographic location. NSDIs and statistical offices in countries can play a key role in evolving such collaborative mechanisms with the active engagement of geospatial community and other relevant organizations.
- Private Industry Stakeholding: Significant technology innovation and intellectual capacities developed within the private sector often either do not percolate or see delayed adoption by government entities leading SD activities. Considering that earth observation industry is taking-off rapidly in private space with cost-effective innovations in sensor technologies, small satellites and drones supported by advancements in IT and data analytics, it is prudent to make private industry an equal stakeholder and partner in policy-making, in evolving regulations and in implementing projects pertaining to SDGs. Sensitizing Political & Administrative Class: The success of SDGs hinges heavily on the vision, motivation and commitment of the decision-making fraternity. It is important to sensitize and encourage local political centers and senior administrators to ‘own’ and ‘lead’ the geospatial efforts in their respective countries
- Natural Resources Canada undertook a study titled "Canadian Geomatics Environmental Scan and Value" to understand the importance of geospatial information in Canadian economy for the year 2015. Geospatial technologies contribute some $21 billion of value to Canada’s Gross Domestic Product. The overall percentage change in industry output is illustrated below
- Ordnance Survey Ireland in February 2014. The Geospatial information has contributed Euro 63 million to Irish Economy and the total economy-wide impact is Euro 126.4 million. The potential public sector cost savings is €82m per annum and time savings with an economic value of €279 m. The most important sectors in terms of GI use and benefits are likely to be central and local government, utilities, construction related services, agriculture, forestry and fishing and education and transport.