Geologch uurhaichnii angli hel

UNIT 1
Mining Education in Rassia
A. fiypsu
' 1. Present, Past, Future Simple (lndefinite) gsx yfin
' yrto be (6afix) to have (6afix)
2. Xyypxex eryyn6eprfix 6yreq
i 3. 3nrufix ogoo 6a exrepceH rlar gaxs yfin yrrfin
xyBl4flan
4. Epenxufi 6onon rycraft acyynryyg
Csdse A The First Mining School in Russia.
6. flypsu
Xyaaax acyynr
Csdse 6. Mining and Geologicat Higher Education in
Russia.
B. Cedse B.
l
flYP3M
1. Yin yr fo be (6aix), to have (6aix)
tn to be-euaH Present Simpl€ (lndefinite) aex x
6ue baTnax xgno3D YrvucrSx x3flooo Acyyx xenoop
1 Aax
3 Aaxu
lam (l'm)
He is (he's)
She is (she's)
It te (it's) litsl
r aHtl Too
lam (l'm) not
He is not (isn't)
She is not (isn't)
It is not (isn't)
Am l?
ls he?
ls she?
ls it?
Onon roo
1 gex
2 gaxu
3 aaxu
We are (we're)
You are (you're)
They are (thev're)
We are not (aren't)
You are not (aren't)
Thev are not (aren't
Are we?
Are you?
Are thev?
Togq xaonvnr
Yes, lam.
Yes, he (she. lt) ls.
Yes, we (you, they) are.
No, l'm not.
No, he (she, it) isn't ('s not).
No, we (you, they) aren't ('re not).

Yfin yr to be-ufx Past Simple (lndefinite) Aax f,nrim
Satnax xan6ep Acyyx xen6gp Yryficrsx xsn6eo
' 1*r"
He, she, it J
We ''l
You l, *"r"
They )
rl?
was lL he, she, it?
1we?
Were.{ you?
Lr,eY
' ]was not
He, she, it J (wasn't)
We '1
You !, were not
They J (weren't)
Yfin yr to b*uhn Future Simple (lndefinite) I1sx err.rn
lshall/will ('ll) be
Hel
She I will ('ll) be
ItJ
We shall/will('11) be
You l
I'will('ll) be
TheyJ
Shall/VVilllbe?
w { ll"}"ShallM/ill we be
r you'l
wiil { l,oe
L tn"vJ
I shall/willnot
(shan'tlwon't) be
He ')
She l,wittnot
It J (won't) be
We shalUwillnot
You 1
lwtttnot
TheyJ (won't) be
6ycad yiln ye nt Future Simple-6 ylln ye to be-uiln (eepeep
xen&sn shall, will.'ll+un$uuumueuilx) adun nneaedana. Will-uile uea
dsx 6ued npuaHat xsneud (6yx 6ueO xspeenedse) myynud xypaaxeyil
xsndep'll, shan;t (shall+not), wonl (will+not)-utx nsa adun xspsensns.
YIn yr to have-xftx Present, Past Future Simple (lndefinite)
A3X f,nran
,Hrh}lH oA(x)
tta?
i,BfuuH eHropceH
uar
uHru,rH ,lp9oAYlr
uar
I (we, you, they) have
He (she, it) has
I (we, you, they) 'l
! trao
He (she, it) )
I (we) shall/will('ll) have
He (she, it, you, they)
wllU'll have

Earnax xen6ao Aeyyx.xan6ao, Yrvficrsx xsn6eo
l/we/you/they haVe
" ('ve) got (a e.ar, '
a dog. r,u)
He/she/it has
('s) got
(a car;'a dog r.u)
Have l/we/you/they
Has.helshe/it got...?
We/you/they have not
(haven't) got
He/she/it has not
(has't) got
(a car, a dog r.rvr)
-
. . '.li:r :. j,
., fi q4aru11sAeu Fplri aam yy;aun6apr) :?3oMlu r,t x y.war ailr aap
Tailn1ap:' Nyeplrtr,tfr x drrrnr,r xsn6epr acyyx, yryfi crex xen6ep
Hb rycfiax y: do-iefr 6a[na. :
. Do l/we/you/thcy have...? We... doa,t have...
Does he/she/it have,..? She... doesn't have...
I ;it:: i,:.:
: ,, . l
I have got an interesting r Hadad opdarc unssp on6op
article on open-cast mining.i t -nox coHuH.,eayynen 6ui
Yrylcrsx eryyn6epr reneonufi yr no-r oroHraa xoporneHo.
He has no texfbook oh
geology.
(He has not got any textbook
on geology.)
Eoruno yryficrox xapry Hb cyn yr not-ux rycnauxrafiraap yycHo,
Have you got a map of Tand dyypeuiln sypae
Tyyiil deonoai,uilu (nuap !
cypax 6uuue dartxeyfi
the region?
No, I have not.
(l havent.)i
fiailna yy?
Eailxeyil (nadad *adxeyrt)
:: ,.i ' ,

2. Xyypxex eryyn6epnix 6yrerl
Anrnr xonauil xyypHex oryynbepr yruin xaryy,qoc AapaannHr
6apuuranua.
Axrnrfin xyypHax eryyn6op gex yruin Aoc Aapaa
0 I il ilt IV
l-{arrfiu
6ailq
gryyner.
ASxYYH
orYY-
XYYH .
TycarAqqyya Eafip ....
qarui,tu
6aiq
lrryyA
6ye
rJryyA
a)
6) Today
a)
r) ln 1921
The
Academy
our
lectures
The
librarian
the
Academy
Sives
)egin
,ave
rad
studentr
us
excellent
education
books
well-equip
ped labor-
atories.
in general
and special
subjects.
rt 10.20 a.m
lwo days ago
3. 3xnrfix oAoo 6a eHrepceH qar Aaxb
yf,n yruix Antan
Present Simple (lndefinite)
Earnax xsn6so Acyvx xon6oo Yrvficrox xon6so
lwork,
Hel
She I' works.
itJ
Wel
You l, wort.
They J
Do lwork?
,*.{|i"}work?
rwe 1
Do { rou fwo*r
LtheyJ
I do not work
He 't
She I ao"r not work
IrJ
We ')
You l,do not work
They J

Sarnax.xen6so Yrvficrex xen6ep
l-r" I *o,r"o.
she IrtJ
wet
You fworked
TheyJ
,rt
rwe 1
Did.{ you fwort<
LtheyJ
i
" I oio not *o.t
She f
rtJ
We
You L did not work
rhey J
Past,Sinple,(tndefi nite)
Epeuxr,ifi a-cyyirr yutabyyx yiyryR Oatrgar 6oreeg srr,rarr "ruilu"
rouyy "yryfi"'regsr'x{pny'ud,apgana. Tspesp rycnax yftn yr ouyy
xon6oo yfin yreep oxneHe.
-'ls Great Britain rich in, - Llx Epumauu ync 6aileanuiln
' rnineral resources? 6annaeaap 6ann yy?
- Yes, it is. Tuilu
: : , .,.
. Can you speak English?' Ta anenuap apadae yy?
- N6, I cannot. 'YaYil (aPadaeaYil)
- Do you understand me? '' 9u uauaie oilneox 1ailna yy?
- Yes, I do. (No,,l don't) : Oilneox dailna
- Did he work hard? - Tsp ux axunnacau yy?
- Yes, he did - Tuilu
- Have yoU got'a b,rother? - 4aud ax 6uil ny?
- Yes, I have. : ' -'Tuilu (6ui)
. ..:.t
, :, 1.. : :
Epenxuil acwnmbn xapuy ua eondyy moeq 6addae. Xapuyutr
'moaq xsnlsp ndyei loMW no esdse yec, soxux meneeuud yessp
unepxuil ncen eeyyneadixyyu,' mycha*' (uodana) yiln yessc 6ypds u s.
Xuwee ra: Yes, I am. tto, he isnt Yes. they did esx Msm

Epexxrfi acyylrr gaxu yrnfin Aoc Aapaa
Tycnar
yiln yr
Oryyner
A9XYYH
Yr.at Ynr
Yr loMyy
erYYns-
xyyuufi
x3c3r
Oryyn6eprln xo6pgy-
raao osorufiH rlturwn
ToBrl
xaphynT
>'>rdF
xoq
&8C
s.;'EF.
Tycar
AaxyyH
5afiq
Does
doesn't.
Did
Was
Have
Can
he
the
engineer
she
you
he
read
learn
a good
pupit?
(sot)
speak
English
a
foreign
many
artlcles?
language
friends
English
at
rchool
here?
well?
Yes, he does.
No, he
Yes, he did.
No, he didn't,
Yes, she was.
No, she wasn't.
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.
Yes, he can
No, he can't.
Epenxuil acyynm yycsx yeudu yiln aadnun dec dapaannate aeu
y3be. 3rc acyynm Hb eMaem eeyynsxyyu) xauaapdae yuup eeyyn1ep
dex eeyynsxyynuie epx onoxooc oxrrox xepsemsil, Oeyynsxyyuuil
wuuxuile mycnax pMyy Modanb yiln ye (ans iypufrx xsndspmeil to
have, to be 6anon can, m.!st, shall, will ) sspee unspxuilnus. All
our students can speak English esdse eayyndspssc aeyyrcxyyH -
can +- uu$uuumua speak (cyn ye to-ey|)-uile awapxaH onx 6onuo,
Odoo "Epeuxuil acyynm daxt yecuilx dsc &apaanat' xycusemee aeu
ysae. Acyinmaud mycnax yiln ye Hb eeyyfisedexyyHuilxee oMHe
1aleaa 1eeeed xapuH yndcen yiln yeuilu uHQuHumua Hb
eeyynsedsxyynudxse dapaa dailpnaua. Tuiruxyy msduufia dyxA na
fiafrpnadae eeyynexyyH Hb mycaaapnaHa. O0oo eewn1spge iltuaa.
Can all our students speak English?
1ue na see xapuynm 6onso.
Odoo doop oop Hs? eayyndep aeq ysbe: Ihese sciea tists wrote
the first textbook for geology sfudenfs. 9xe eeyyndspm mycnax
yfrn ye 6adxeyil dailna. Tseexdee eeyynexyynuile aax op)K onox ee.
Ta yacuiln dsc dapaaeaa epeex( caHaHa yy.
Oeyyndep nu 6ynse eeyynexyyHeec (eepeep xenien
eayynsedsxyyu 6onon myyuuil modomeonooc) exnsx 5cmoil 6eaeed
't0

erc moxubndond these scienfisfs-u ilx apd e?yynexyyH wrote gun
ye to write-uilu euaepceu 4aeuilu xen6ip) oprb. eilnuil acyynm
eapeaxHH mynd mycnax yiln ye HIM)K xopoenex 6cmod.
Oxs ry.quo4pond Present, Past Simpte-d yiln ye do, does-
did-uile xsps2nerts. Xapun sdeespsec anuile ua coueox ae6an soxux
es esdse acyydan eapHa. 1ud nynu erune did-ap coHeox dcmoil.
Yuup nt geyyn1spqilH eeyyrcxyyH na past Simplei 1aieaa leeeed
yndcsi y_{n ye xa'eeyynsbdexyyuuilxss Oapaa yudcsu xenlspsepss
(unsuximuad) 1ailpnaaa. Tseeen maHbt acyynm f,Map co*coedox
uu ae? 3ee acyynm na: Dld these scientists write(l) the first
textbook.,r . eex,l4em xsn1spmsil 1ailna. Odoo mauarc dapaax
eeyyn6epm see acyynm maeilK qadua 6adx esx naildax 6ailna.
Our teqgher gpeaks English at the lessons.
3ee pagdcan acwnm na doopx fiaildanmail dyyndaua.
Does our teacher speak (!) English at the lessons?
Tyceafi acwnm na eeyyn1epuiln nuap nee euwyyud xamapdae
(Xapuu eeyynsxyynd xauap1aeeyil) 1eeeed acyyx ye pMyy ocffin
acyyx meneenuil yemsil rcuyy daileap yzmert 6ynee yessp exnoHs.
)Kuweendsn:
where
when
who(m)
what
which
what kind of...
whose
how
how many (how much)
why
xaana? xaawaa?
xe399
xsu? xeuuile? xsud?
ny? antap?
flMap, xgpee
coH20Ho
amap?
xsnuil?
euap?
xsdeu?
aaeaad?
Tycaail acyynm Hb flMaem usOssnnsmeil 6ypsu xapuy
waapdaxa.
Oayyiiiidsxvtin ryuyy modopxolinonmod xauaapax acyynmand
yeuiln wyyd dapaanan xadzanaedax 6a myanax yiln ya do, does, did-
ae xepsensxeyl.
't1

,IT
UryYrcXYYH
acyyx Yr
YHncoH Yt4fl
Yr
orYynooplil4H
xo6pAyraap
3oprufiH rrUYYA
AcyyflrbrH
xapIy
vvno
Xex
Whose book
Xsxufi xou
Who
Xsx
worK(s)
axrulflax 6aitna
is
speaks
npux 6afixa
aI Ine mrne,
yypxailg?
on the table?
ult,tpeoH Assp?
English here?
Axrnuap
I ne mlners oo.
Yypxaivug
Mine.
Munnfi
I do..
6u
Jane does.
flxefix
Oeyyn6epufrn 6ycad euwYYded xawaapax acyynmaud acyyx
yeuiln apd mycnax yiln ye opox 6a dapaa rc eeyynsedsxyyu, yudcsn
yiln ya (cyn ye to-ey(t unQuuumueau xsn1epmeil) eeyyn6spuitu
xo*pdyeaap sspeuilu auwyyd opxo. Xuweoe aHxaapanmail cydna.
acyyrrraHA
xaMaapax
yin yr
(rn$unu-
xo6pgyraap
aeprnix
Tycaedaxyyn
Tycaadaxyynat
m&pxolircnm
Tycazilaxyynut
ttfupxoilanm
llaaulin 6ailu
Eailpnanun
6ailq
kind of |ob
ilKItblz
When
does
does
does
the
manager
the
manager
the mine
Wpxail
you
.lu
you
ma Hap
ayilqsm-
eex 6ailua
produce?
yindesp-
x dailxa
?
xyilatrtau
aeae
every
morning?
eanee 6yp yy
every day?
tn
the morniqg?
eaneeayyp?
the mining
equipmenf?
sxg 6on
yyprafln
moxoenon
edep
6vp w?

cSABnr4H eMHeX IACrAII
1. ffapaax yiyyduile dyyndaxyilq yau
[a] -'active, a'cademy,'rapid,'national,'contact, es'tablish
[a]
-'country,
re'publie,'number, con'struction, in'dustrial
{{ +'college, lolume, 'foreign, 'problem, 'prospecting
[::l I'or€, transtorm, im'portant, la'boratory, 'call 'for
[a:] :-'work,'wo*s,'worker, lournal, re'search,'metallurgy
[kwl -:'quality,'qualffied,,qualifi'cation
tkl - technlcal, me'chanical, techno'logical,,mechani'zation
I [ar] 7'minin$, 'popularize, ,scien'tific, pro'vide, 'library
2. flapaax ye 6onon xuilnuen yecuilz dompoo 1 -2 ydaa ynw.
Plapaa ua.dyyndaryilq yHut xi moemooxue xuttso,
app€ar [a'pial u eapq upsx; Mem
6onoxi azl disappear anea
oonox
bed [bed] n Oaexapea, nnacm,
Ye, cyypuHbt qynyyflaei syn
l_ayer, seam; bedded
-a
oaexapeHH
call for ['b:l 'f::] v waapdax;
syr demand, require
carry out ['kari 'autl v xudx
(wuncrcuaeee, mypwuam);
ouenwnex (meaeeteeeem);
swceen; syn conduct, make
colliery - ['krljagil qynyyH
HVVDCHUU WDXAU
conbb'ntrati<iri' (dressing) plant
[plo:nt] 6anxyynax Qadputc
oafrN(wnax mexeepemr
department [di'po.:tmant] n
canoap, - (Da,Vnbmem,
meHxuv: syr faculty
direct [di'rekt] v ydupda4;
quenwngx; apxnox; a wwQ
napuiln; directly adv wyyd,
saunweYu
education [,edju(:)'kei(fln] n
oanoecpgn;- aeerr/pen; got an
eoucauon @noecpon onox
estgrbfish [is'teblifl v _ytldscnsx,
oauzwflax, YYcegH oaueyynax;
syn found, set ap
ferrous ['ferasl metals xal
uemani (non'-ferrous metal's
eHeem Memann
iron ['aian] n metulep; pig iron
wupaM; -cast rron wup?M,
wupngH 30n9Il
openJcast mines un on6opnonm
ore [r:(r[ n rydsp; iron. ore
meMpuuH Yoep; ore mtnrng
nlopuuH opobtH awuenanm
process ['prouses] v awuenax;
syn work, treat; 'processlng-n
awuzlranm, epocuuH
xyeaapunanm
rapid ['rapidl a mypeeu, xypdan
research [ri'sa::tJ] n spdeu
wufirurcgg
technique [tek'n[kt n mexHuK,
awa, m€)xHuKau,! apea oapun;
mrnrng tecnnaque wnb,H
mexHuK, wnHH axun gpxnsx
apaa
train [treinl v cyp-eax, 6sndsx
(nnap flee pnsud); training
['treini g] qpeanm; 6snmesnm
to be in need of eaquedax
to take part ln oponlox
1 dacean xuilxg} HoMuH suec dex xaecpanm*a awuenaHa
13

3. a) -al daeaeapmail minrd"e yeyyduie opqwn:
educational, lechnical;: geolog-ical, chernical
6l ftneacan Hep:Yeate:YYcas,l msndez Y$sp xoocon saile
6ezne:
1;'Russian'higher schools give tfre yourig people an all-round
education. The nurnber: of hlghei .,. institutions increased gr:eatly.
2. Chemistry is an irnportanl branch of the national economy.
The ... industry produces plastics, synthetic materials and other
products..'
r' 3.' The studehts ipe'aiafileliri'[e:alogy'at ffre :., institutes.
4. The scibntistsrof ttie tloscuiv Minin$'Academy iarried but
research' and,'developed"' rnini ng,,tea hn iq u e.' They, popul a:rized .. .
achievements among miners.
:
4. ffapaax Httillwen yzuile yHwwt( opqyyn:
highereducation , | : :
educational institutions
be(ded deposits ," ' .''. ,.'
scientific researchr institutes,
:f'abtorfes for p-rocessing
ferrous and non-ferrous
,',rnetals .,'
',.'
,. : l
to direct scientific research
scientificresearch,'.''' , ','i l,',. '
-l-i,il'
the ore mining industry
geological prospecting
colli.eries and open-cast
.mtnes
.to work on important'mining
problems
to call for the establishment
of new educational
. ,,,,: ,instifutiois ,, l
5. flneacax,yeci uili'yme ar,a midel|pufr x 3oxux Mo He on
ya cu frn nzeyypmail mecmsil 6ail dn aap Hb' Erodopxo&n :
' The; Mogcgw Minipg'Academy;,:technical,education; highly
q ualified. special ists;. gieotoglc'al' prospdcting ; the promi nent
geologist and oil expert; well-equipped laboratories and
demons!$ion roornst Russian,and,foreign scientific books and
iouinals; cfose contac-ts wjth the coal€nd orO'mining'induttries; to
iake an active part in the construction of hew industiial enterprises;
to organize new institutes; to popularize technical achievements
6. A csdeuile ynw. Opocbtu yyaplx Axadeuu&ln yxdcen dsep
Qpocmsnap AaaA c,fip"iwnb flailerynaadcanb,2 epb:-
14

cefl3B A
The Firpj ftlining Schoot in Russia
The Moscorirr Mining Academy was establishedl in 1g1g. The
main.task of te Academy was to train mining engineers and
Iechnrcians, to popularize technological achievements among miners,
tg
ry9rk
on important problems'of mining and rnetalturgicat
"niinr"ringand to direct scientific research
There were three departments in the Academy2: mining,
geological prospecting and metalrurgy. The Moscow Mining Academy
introduced a new course in coar mining mecihanization, whiih provided
the basis forthe development of mining engineering. The two scientists
A.M. Terpigorev and M.M. protodyakonov wrote the first textbook on
machinery for mining bedded deposits.
Much credit for the estabrishrnent of the Moscow Mining Academy
and the development of co-operation among outstanding scientists
and educators is due to3 Academician l.M-. Gubkin, a prominent
geologist and oil expert.
ln 1925 the Moscow Mining Academy was one of the best-known
educational institutions in Russia. lt had well-equipped laboratories,
demonstration rooms and a library which had many voiumes of Russian
and foreign scientific books and journats.
The Academy estabtished dose contacts with the coar and ore
mining indlstries. The scientists carried out scienfific research and
worked on important mining problems.
The rapid growth of the mining industry cailed for the training of
more highly-qualified specialists and the establishment of new
educational institutions.
New collieries and opencast mines, concentration plants,
metallurgical works and metal-working factories for processing non-
fenous and ferous metals appeared in the country. The peopt-e toot
an active part in the construction of new industrial enterpiises.
The Academy alone courd not cope with the probrem of training
specialists. ln 1930 the Moscow Mining Academy was transformed4
into six independent institutes. Among the new ctfleges which grew
out.of-the Academy's departments were the Moscow-Mining lnstltute
and the Moscow lnstitute of Geological pro-specting. Later, the
scientific research lnstitute of Mining appeared near Moscow.
15

C3A3BT XAMAAPAX TO[OPXOl4rlOrlr
lwas established
- yndecnsedxes (udsexxeyd xee, qaawud
maapandaua) established elose contacts -:- HFem xonioo
moemooK99
2
There were three departments ib the Academy
- Axadeuud
eypeaH $axynamem 6aile
<there + yiln yr to ber,,{odoo,'isuaepceH, upssdyil qaem) rcu
6ytoy 6ue xynui,myxailn sailpaHdaa'flafreaa myxail uedsensx
xspsemsil 1onoxod xopseneHs. Tuilu'opesnm msil eeyyn 1spyydu il x
apqyynebe 1ailpnanan 6ailt1aac na (Axadeau'daxa) sxsnceu ua desp
6onoxae auxaap. Unit 4-d modopxoil eeyynee.
3
Mnch credit..' ls due
- ux eaebna Hb ....: xaMaapHa
a was transformed - eepuneldxss (mailndap 1-u1e ys)
l.;
,: flACl-iAfl ,
1. There were four departments in the Academy.
, , 2..The'Academy,intr,oduced. 6rhow CoufSe in coal mining
mechanization.
,, ' 3., ln 1925 the,.'Academy had"iinl$'' several' well-equipped
laboratories, demonstration' roorns and'ar library which had many
volumes of books. :
4 The Acadenry established close contacts with the coal industry.
5. ln 1930 the Academy was'hansformed into six independent
institutes.
6. The,Moscow Mining lnstitute'and the Moscow lnstitute of
Geological Prospecting were among the new.colleges which grew out
of the Academyls departmotrts.,': ]' -'.' 1"
, 8.filapaax.acyynfiraud rapayn:' " '
, 1. What was the inain task of the.Academy?
2. What new, course' did the',Academy introd uce?
3. Were there three,or four departments at the Academy?
4. What industriesrdid the Academy establish contacts with?
5. Whowrote the first textbook on machinery for mining bedded
deposits?
6. Why was the Academy transforrned into six independent
16

rrstitutes?,.
7. Why was the Academy transformed?
9. A xeceuilu yiln yzsnd moxupox nsp yeuile coHeox( ae.
Tsaesd nuilnm#t W* opLtyyfl.
,A,5.
1. to carry gut a) new courses
2. to direcl, ' 6) laboratories
3. to prospect for s) experiments
4. to introduce r) research
5. to equip A) contacts
6. to establish e) new deposits
10. a) ffapaax Hurtnmon yeeud dydqex uoneon yeuile 6apyyn
manuH 6aeauaac on.
1. mining equipment a) *anxyynax ydndeep
2. to carry out research 6) yynun uuxeuepuiln denmasn
3. new course in a) ne$muiln xaileyyn
4. to direct scientific r) eneom Memannam donoecpyynanm
activity
5. to take an active part in A) mexHuKudu 6onoecpon
6. prospecting for oil e) wuns (xuussnuiu) xypc
7. bedded deposit x) u1sexmeil oponqox
8. concentration plant s) cydaneaa froyynax
9. technical education u) neyynax (tuenyynsx), opdMurtH
(wuuxunessnurt) yiln axunnaeaa
10. processing of non-ferrous x) yynam moHoe mexoepewK
metals
11. the training of geologist n) nsa daexap opd
and mining engineers
'l
2. concentration plant
5l Moneon uurtnugn yemsil dyiltqox aH?nu yeuile ayyn
maflbrH daeauaae on.
11.l4nyy uufrmnee ymeamail ye,oMW yacuie se*ae lypsec
on.
engineer, chemist, geologist, specialist, economist
17

coal, minefial'r€6ffirc8s, oil,iut, gus,,fffirs G
oil industry, gas industry, extractive inersky
the sun, atom, gas, energy source, coal, oil
12. ffapaax yeHeec eayyndsp soxuo
1. traditions, our, interesting, has, university, many
2. an, plays, of, role, people, life, the, music, important, in
3. this, did, the university, why, enter, you?
4. sport, is, what, favourite, your?
13. a) Yiln ye to be-uilu Future Simple (lndefinite)-uiln
xendepufie daem. to read, to stay, to watch television, Future
Simpl*e anea
6) Tycnax yiln ye shalllwill ,abryy shan'tlwon't, 'll-He
xepeemsil ea3apm Hb maeb
1. What do you think life ... be like in the twenty-firsUcentury? 2.
L..n't stay long here. 3. I think I ... watch television tonight. 4. Just a
minute. I think I ... buy a newspaper. 5. ln the next century people ...
fly to other planets. 6.
- I hope they ... be happy here.
- l'm afraid
they ...n't. 7. ... you help me with my tuggage? 8. ln January the
weather.... be colder. 9. We ... be back from England in August, t
think. 10. We ...n't be there for ever.
14. a) Xapuy ut dapaax ezyyndsp 6ottox acrynmbe 3oxuo
1. Yes, they did. (The scientists carried out research in the field
of geology and mining.)
2. No, there were not. (There were only a few higher mining
schools in the country.)
3. No, it did not. (The Academy established close contacts with
the coal and ore mining industries.)
4. Yes, they did. (They took an active part in the development of
heavy industry.)
6) Acyynmb,H xapuye yuw. flapaa xa eeyyndsp dypurta
oxsud aoxux acwnmbrn W (what, who, why, where, when, which,
how, how long, how old).uila maet
18

l- -.- does the economy of.the . .on its fuet and energy
country depend on? resources.
L -.. are there larle fuel and ln the eastern areas.
energy complexes?
3- -.. discovered new deposits Geologists did.
d brown coal?
{- -.. does the engineer get to By air.
the capital?
$. -i. do you travel so much? I like travelling.
6. ... did he stay in Great Britain? Several months.
7. ... is your brother? Twenty-one (years old).
15. A cedeesc eewnexryH Hb eHeuilH'etftzopcei ,lleuilu
(rhe past tndefinite tiiiitii r"i"ii iioip iii ian'i""rp
ulspxuiineedcou eeyyndopuila on. Tsdeospte doopx xuweeuud
dunaap 6uu.
)l(uwss Hb: were
- to be; trained
- to train.
16. a) ffapaax csdeuile yHw. Oeyyn1ep |ypoac
eeyyneedaxyyH-eeyynexyynuil 6yneuile on. Yiln ye-
ewnsxyyHuil qaeuilu xen6e pude modopxodn.
When Mikhail Lomonosov came to Moscow he gained admission
b the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. He made rapid progress. Then
he entered th'e Academy of Sciences. His abilities and diligence
dfacted the attention of the professors and.as one of the three best
students he continued his education abroad. There he studied
cfiemistry, mathematics, metallurgy and mining. On his return to Russia
he became a professor and a member of the Academy of Sciences.
For versatility Lomonosov has no equal in Russian science. Many
d his ideas and discoveries won recognition only in the nineteenth
century. For instance, he was the first who discovered the vegetation
origin of coal, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the
formation of the Russian literary language.
His living memorial is the Moscow University, which he founded
in 1755.
6) Ilououocoab,H myxad csdeem xanaapax 5 eponxuil, 5
myceail acwnmue 3oxuo. Cedese uoraonqun.
11. flapax xuiinusn yeufra awuenax eeyynlopuile opqwn.
there appeared; to establish close contacts witlrfto carry out
research; to train engineers and technicians; to call for specialists
19

1. Mocxaaeuilu yyn yypxailn axadeuu Hb yynuH 6onou
me ue pneeu ila y A ndespu iln u H xe H e p, m e xn u xyyduile 6sndxas.
2. epdsumed Hb aeonoeu, yyn H H aKun, meuepneeuiiu can6apm
spdeu wufitunellHuil axun newnxge.
3. Axadeuu na uyypcuuil caia easap, axyfindespuilu easpyydmail
xaem xon1oo moemoox@o.
4. Ync opou daxa yrtndaspuilu mYpaeH xeaxun na en0ep
Mlpzg),unmsil uepeexunmen dsnmasxuila waapdae.
5. Ync opoxd wuHe myceail cypayynuyd 6uE 6orce'
18. llapaax eeyynlepyydmsil cauan xuilnaxayil fiailaaaeaa
unepxurtnx cedoe dex 6apuumbra awuenax candqaa 6amna.
Cauan doneox 6yil apuaxar xon6spuila auuena.
t don't think so; on the contrary; to my mind; in my opinion; as
far as I know; as is known; in fact
1. The task of the Moscow Mining Academy was to train mining
to*?TfiifJ;demy
established contacts with representatives of all
branches of industries.
3. There were five departments in the Academy.
4. There were only Russian books in the library of theAcademy:
5. The rapid growth of the mining industry led to the establishment
of new higher schools.
6, These scientists wrote the first textbook on macfiinery.
7. There were only a few higher educatlonal establishments which
trained geologists and mining erlgineers.
8. New colliedes and open-cast mines appeared in different parts
of the country
19. a) Xaanman daxu yiln YauilH xspsemsfl xonfiapuiia
coHeo.
My name (ig was, am) Victor Sedov. I (is, am, was) seventeen
years old. I (,s, was, am) a firct-year student of tfre mining college.
Our college (is, arc, was) in the centre of the town.
I (have, has, had) a lot of friends at the college. After ths course
of studies we (sha/I, will, aqe) going to become mlnlqg engineers.
My grandfather (werc, was, willbe) a mining €nginqer too. He
(was, htad, is, have) a student of the Moscor Minirg Academy many

years ago. lt (had, was, were) one of the best-known educational
institutions in the Soviet Union. lt (has, had, is) well-equipped
laboratoriei and a library with many volumes oJ'Ruisian and'foreign
books and journals on geology and mining.
6l ','a'-' xgcee dsx ye, unepxuilnnuile awuenax eepuiluxeo
myxail
1pi:', ,
''
. ,,'
t 20,','AHdmafreia MocxeadufrH yynibtH axadeuuilx myxail
eput.1..Teyd nuap $arynumem 6aiicau, epOem wuuxuneeexuil
axrun xgpxgr xoa,rtoe4 ync opor daxa yyncu ilNnbtH xeexund
axadeuuiiu a,a xon1oedon sMap 6ono*ae acyy. Xuueenuilu
udaexmeii_ agyyx yec, MoH myyHqneH 20-p xilydcan daxa f,pua*bt
xen6epuilie auuena.
D
RYP3M
3aarnax acyynr
Oryyner
ASxYYH
XwpHax erwn6so
Toav acyynr
Oryynexyyn
Oryyn6epuiln
xo6pgyraap
scnrufiH n lrNLr
This
You
She
You
You
They
He
You
Life
*tl is a good idea,
E are Mr. Smith,
E has got
E haven't
Etit<e
I don't understand
Tlspeaks
I didn't see
E will be very different
a new car,
any brothers,
her,
us,
English,
him yesterday,
in a hundred
years'time,
-:J isn't it?
tr aren't you?
f hasn't she?
E have you?
tr dont you?
E do they?
f doesn't he?
E did you?
:l won't it?
-Xycusemsd
ysyyncsu saaenax acyynm ua 6amnax rcMyy
yzylcax eeyyn1sp, eeyyn1epmeiless adun eayyneeOsxyyu, (n uaem
meneeuuil ye 6ondoz), mycnax yiln yeussc 6ypdsne.
- Xspse yeyilcesx eeyyn1sp 1ailean mosq acyynm ua 6amnax
daildae 6a xapun eeyyn1sp na 1amnax 6on moeq acyynm ua yeyilcesn
21

6ondoa. (xycneem dex El 6a Gmeudeuile ys)
Toeu acyynm Hb MoHeonoop eondyy "murtM yy", 'yuoH YY" ?eK
optyynaedaua. Xycusem dsx cyynuuitn eeyynispuilz "Auadpan 100
xunudn dapaa odoouatxmofi aduneyil 6onuo. Yneu yy?' (XYcusem
dsx yndcen x.ttilese 6ue daax opuyyn)
Saaenax acwnmbz tlssx npuaud epeeH xspsensHe. Acyynman
ymea Hb acyynmHH xsceuile nax dyydaxaac xaMaapq eepweedene.
krpo npuaHl dyy uaneapt 1ailean mep Hb "muAM" esx nuyy "eyil'
eedsa xapuy waapddae eondyy epenxuil acyynm fiaildae 6a eailxcax,
coHupxcoH aspee eneemefr fiaildae
- You haven't seen your -Taeneedepdapeaaxapaaayil
manager todaY, 'thave You? nY, Yuex YY?
(=Have you seen Your
manager?)
No, I am afraid not. - Xapaaeyil ss
Xspee dyynu eHee HaMcax dadeaa 6on npux 6yil smaesd
*amnax lyildaa umesnmsil 1aildae 6a apun4aeqaacaa YYHee
damnaxae xycdse.
- You are free tonight,
I aren't you?
- Yes, I am.
- Ta qunt eneedep oPoil taemail
6ue ilse?
- Tuilu es
ceABllfiH sMllsxAACrA,l
21, a) flapaax Yeuile dYYnaryilq Yxw.
[a] -'graduate,'value,'language.'practical
hl -'H[!,iLstudy,'other, thus, us,,under'graduate, industrial.
[ar]- de'sign, d.q'sigr.rgr, mine, 'mining, 'science, ]ry'draulic,
pro'vroe, Kno, nqner
ffl -'physical,'physics, phone
Ikl -
.gp'ctr.anical,'chemist,'chemistry,
mo'chanics, tech'rrclogy,
[fl - ma'chine, ma'chlnery, shape, 'specialist
22

6l flapaax yeuile yHwu]r( dyyilnaeue Hb moemoo
know [nou]: knowledge ['n:lidS]
specialize ['s pqJalai z] * speciali2ation [,s peJa I ai' ze ifn]
require [ri'kwaia]'--lsquirement [ri'kwaiamant]
introduce [, i ntra'dj u : s]
- introduction [, intra' dnkJ(a)n]
' 22, flapaax vzc 6onoH xon6oo'yecuile dompoo 1-2 ydaa
WutL dapaa us dyyndaxyiqyHwur( msdeeepuile moemooxbe
xaqeg.
change ttfeindS] v eepqnex meeceex; ['gr-qedjult] n }esd
(eepgneedex), conux cypewnb meeceeceH xYH;
(conuedox); syn. transform,
alter; n' aepenenm, xyabcan,
oepqnex
composition [,hmpa'zeJ(a)n] n
6ymsq, dypendexyyu
connect [ka'nekt] v xon1ox
(xon6oedox); syn combine,
link
deat tdi:ll (dealt) v (with)
axunmail 6ailx, aeu yeex
demand [di 'ma:nd] n sd..eild.
3pgnm
design [di'zain] n mecen;
meneefieeee, sypae; xudtl; v
mecafi . 3oxuox, mefloanox,
soxttoH dymssx
determine [di'ta:min] v
modopxoilnox, moemoox
engineering [,end3l'niariq] n
mexHuK; mexHonoeu;
uauruHN yilndeep; syn.
technics, technology;
technique; machinery
enterprise ['entapraiz] n
daieyynnaea, aaxaanx
undergraduate (student)
meecex KypcbtH oymaH;
postgraduate (student)
acnupaHm; graduation paper
dunnouan axun
hardware ['ho:dwea] n annapamyp
{annapaman), moHoerron,
aflnapamuH x3p32c3n,
mexHuKuuH xaHeaM)K
hydraulic' [hai'drr:llk] a_ tuu ueeuud.
wuHeeHuu mexHuKuuH
introduction [,intra'dakf(a)n] n
opwun, opyynea
management ['manidSmant] n
ydupdnaaa, eprutenmi syn.
administration; direction
offer [':fa] v caHaa maeux
(mycaox, al,cltbtH xyo o0) ;
propefi l'pnpati] n wuHx
protection [pra'etkJ(a)nl n
xaueaananm, xaMzaanax.
range [reind3] n MW, xypeo,
xffiaaap, nuafla3oH, yinunex
xYp99,3er#r9, cepu
recreation [,rekri'eif(a)n] n
aMpanm, xyl uadnue cspeogx,
syeaa4ax
reveal [ri'vi:l] v Wyyne, unpyyrcx
rock [nk] n yyn*H.tynyynae
.shape [feip] r xen1sp
software ['s:ftwea] n
. nPozpaMMuH xaHeaMx,
npoepaMMbrH xspeec1n
23
environment
oPqHbt Oa0dan, opltuH
field ffi:ldl n Myx,
axunnaeaaHH xYp33;
xscea, opd; eaa.easap;
basin, branch
graduate ['gradjueit] v moaceax
(desd cypeyynuile); anep.
anueaa dsed cypeyynuiie
YilN
man,
syn-

skill [skil] n ypaH vadeap, uadax
skilled a uepeexunmed,
mypwnaeamai, uadeapmad
survey ['sa:vei] n sypae, sypae
aeanm, uapxweildepbtH sypae;
[sa'vei] v uprweildt4pbtH toMyy
monoepa$atu 3ypae xuilx,
xaieyyn xuix; n surveying
sypae (aeanm) uapxweidepun
axufl
thus [6ns] adv muhu nrcaap
value ['veljuJ n ytfi LlsHe,
epme4 xa&)rfi; v YHgn3x,
opxotunsx, y,aftox; valuable
a ynsmeil
vUorkshop [wa:kJ:p] n
dapxauu ea3ap, Uex,
ceMuHap
to be of importance aq xondoedonmoi 6ailx
to give an opportunity of donoux oneox
to meet the requirements waapdnaeae (xepse4ssxuil ymaue)
xaHe,ax
. t-..
23. fneacax yecuiln ymebe Moueon,xenHurt 3oxux yeuiln
$zyypmail mecmeil ffieyypaap Hb modopxoilt.
special institutes; Eeologists and mining engineers;
mechanical and electrical engineers; social sciences; specialized
subjects; the type of specialization and qualification; theoretical
courses; economic geology; struclural geology; to prospect for
minerals; skilled engineering specialistg; mining operations; mining
technology; hydraulic engineering; electrical engineering;
industrial eleqtronics; mine machinery laboratories; control
systems; rock mechanics; the use of computers; mineral dressing;
mining research and its practical applicaiion; prospeding parties
24.6 csdeuilL ynwux doopx ayilrcuilx manaap eey)fncel
eeytlndspuile ua on. a) aeonoeu $y cyilandaeurte q upeedyilx
eoanoeuvud, yynam unxeuepyyd f,uapynilcstt syilnuhe cydnax
6cmoil:
c3fl98 E
Mining and Geological Higher Education in Russia
ln Russia young people get mining education at special institutes
which train geologists and mining engineers for coal and ore mining.
The total number of students ofan institute includes full-time students,
part{ime students and postgraduate students.
Russian higher educational establishments offer different

,Spffei diaaliff|CIdqll Shedr(,ddtdd,fu dbilte€eohgHdsnHtrs6sqne
students speci al ize i n g eotqprumM#daffiEh$S#ufilsqlf$rufi t
ePdefDE T@l0fre6ei0otdHrethesEeirthfriFrfiit@lb$re et0dlij6fr rocks,
gifilQFrphm Qd hod cbeilBiuiekrrdpeitiedesrc pmtns'rndrstr#tef geutogy
Btnrtapnmp4edHo6{6 ffig{heidE$sftg crseslenfi lfi€igHle
Geology is both a theoretical and an applied sciencUfrtfihillg
geology is of great importance to the mining engineer, As a rule, mining
geology include$Etffind O$m(i}.s 6463
xehllqTrlspsouhhcdir{FRpBsiEhegbdqflEbv.An Q[rilsfl sry66{s that
geology is the science of the Earth (*rlt$nor@$ffi{BwqhetE€Htr
xh* r,f*ape itscuoposilliEn €.[0$ ahH@bsoibl€tr0elps #ospect
for ores, coal. oil, salt and other useful minerals.
- Jn*- fjbnprgreis*nSma@s$hiu€ititieopeaa&mius,,lnttitAbs and
xaeKF$tdcdeB6*rdddrrxrgedwrm&s$fHognffib'tnlt risbt
the requirements of the society. They offer courses in mlfilfu
technology, machinerpprsfrroaTport, hydraulic engineering,sldffih'bal
engineerii@-irdusttbl dtcmtrdnics, automathih, euneyffiryeob&sy,
informatigfrlgclnolsy, etc* _
The main trend in the development of higfrermtni_ng-ad-ucalion is
theintroduEii-offi 6rsF_l_ingqvironmenta!3rot"ctigo,manergenuent
(environffi6iTaffiuffi 6louGs;, economici ano manigemeni ot
mini ng enterpriffiiqnlketir6tsstolies;pnsrpufm*hh@i#fi(CAD ),
and othersai*i:slee gninim rorlgirt el$eftrpns gnrilint
Computqgslom0nebgalbriof great importance. i[fi eisoonse aims
at providingatt&dguittlurdqrbtanding houe$ndbrdreanil-lhtdware
technol ogy $mhoc$uinb+*Sfiilems. ainsbuie ernil-hsq
Labor&irp.rwlb bi'rtruliniportant4rrb[rE t0ffififuSScqialists.
Experi meqSdfuffituiffi dorkshops udm$tilmAtmr6evelop
their prffiskilhlriHrcfl$drrc a short perio0of$effifidfrReto gain
working experimurc**r nsrnud alieoqsb lersnin't
The studeotw{pttottrylrepractical train@la8BtlngdpBl$ts and
otQgr:*ndssff dror&pt'mrLithdy become famil$r{Dith{lsqnges of
production and evryeiffi&ihworker to ergli**Xt lFeihfffiey get
practical knowledge and experience necessary for their diploma
(graduation) papers.
A lot of students beldh$I06frdents' scientific groups. They take
part in the research projects which their departments usually conduct.
Pctgraduates carry out resrutr*rtdlffitgfielUoff*idfce and
ergineeringfi'si*ei:,Q r-:i noileeubs gninirn lsg sno nsr o'rsdW .l
Sport centres give the studqildoppolffitAaohd$Hy &fferent

sports such as tennis,.football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, skiing,
water polo, boxing, wrestling and"others. ,
Students graduate from mining and geological higher schools as
miping engineers, mining mechanical engineers, ecologists, mining
electrical engineers, geologists, economists and managers for mining
industry.
cCgea g-lrtrH TAffrrEAp
1 marketing n - 'xounanuil. sdenxyynuil epenmuila unpyynsx
nMyy xaH?ax naq (mapxemune) :
2. computer-aided deslge (CAD) . aemoMamaap mecon soxux
25. -ist, -ment, -docoi - tlon daaaeapma[ xea ya, -al, -ent,'-
fttl, -ic, -ahle daeaaapmafr meuteayeufre csileaec onrr( ryynaH
6ura,
Hsp ye , Tsuiee ye
-lsf -ment -ance -tion -al -ent ,fill "ic -able
26. ffapaax nuilnnsn, yecuite yflwux(,op.twn.
mining engineers higher mining schools
oremining .. i '', : mining{echnology
fulltime students ' , ,, , hydraulic engineering
part-time students :,elecfrical,englneering
postgraduate students,': :industrlalelectronics
theoretical science informafCIn technology
applied seience. ,i,' : envjronmentaf protection
mineraldeposits human resorrces
structuralgeology, . ' ' .,, mnlptfiorscience
praetical skills,, .,,' hardware/softwaretechnology
practical training::r ' i .r.! :,:.: diploma paper
. : , &ACrAn.
27. flapaax acyynmaxd xapuyn
1. Where cetn one get mining education in Russia?
2. Whatdqes'geologyistudy? ,'

3. How did Obruchev define (onpegennru) geology?
4. Does geology deal only with prospecting for useful minerals?
5. What specializations does the Mining lnstitute offer?
6.'What subjects do the students study?
7. Where do the students go through practical haining?
8. What does the computer course aim at?
9. Do the students play sports?
28. a) flapaax uuilnuon yecuiin MoHeon dyilquile dapyyn
manHH 6aaanaac on.
1. physical and chemical
properties
2. the deposits of useful
minerals
3. a wide range of problems
4. valuable deposits
5. mining mechanical engineer
6. to cany out scientific research
7. take shape
8. undergraduates
9. graduation paper
10. hardware and software
1. dssd cypeyynb meaceex
2. ux cypeyynad opox
3- 6onoecpon ont( aeax
4. eeonoeurt, yynHH uilKeHe-
pyyauile asndsx
5. yyn yypxailu dsed cypeyyna
6. mypwnaea gggMwux, on)K
aeax
7. onymxu spdsu wumKun-
esgxuil uuilesunse
8. cnopmbtH flHs 6ypuiln
mepnyyduile epxnex
a) epeen xypesmsil acyydan
6) awuem ManmMafiHH yHom
opd
e) yynun uHxeHep-MexaHuK
e) spdsu-wunxuneseuuil axun
'xuilx
d) xendepmsil 6onox
e) mexuuxudH 6onon
npoepaMMbtH xaHaaMK
x) onymnyyd (meecex rcypcam)
s) dunnouuu axun
u) Susuxuiln 6onou xu*tuiu
wuHx
x) awuem uanmmanam opd
a) to train gclogists and mining
engineers
6) to gain experience
a) to play different sports
r) students' scientific groups
g) to graduate from the institute
e) to get education
x) to enter university
s) higher mining schools
6l ffapaax nuilnusn yeuilx uoneon dyiltqu{te dapyyx maneu
6aeaxaac on.
27

29. E xeceuilu soxux meudoa yeufre A xeceufrn nep yesnd
moxuPwnK COH?O.
A., 1. properties
2. workers
3. development
4. equipment
5. ore
6. subjects
7. training
8. scientist
9. minerals -
6. a) basic
6) rich
e) practical
r) prominent (outatanding)
g) rapid
e) reliable
x) skilled
s) valuable
r) physical
30. Tenebuurt ye both, xon6ooc ye both... and-sttt ymebr?
aHxaapq oegndopufre opqwn.
Teneexnfi vr Xoc xon6oo vr
bolh xodyn both .,.lid 6a, ueu 6ac
1. ln Rmsia, young people getmining education both atspecial
colleges and al rnining departments of universities.
2. Practicalwo/r. both in the field andindrawing classes,is very
important for the future surveyor.
- 3. Tho mining institutes design their courses to give attention
loth to basic engine ering and mathematics. Both subjeits are of great
importance for the firture engineer.
4. The likary lrets both scientific bcrittS andio.tmals.
5. A new institute will traln both geologists and mtnirgengineers.
6. Both methods of prospecting are ln use.
!l,3aeeap fiypeap saaanax eyryn acwnm soxuo.
Saeeap 7; These are yot r new grflrpnates, aren,t they?
Saeaap 2: You have got a lot of books on geology, haven,t
you?
. Saeeap 3; She hasnt $ot any sisters or brothers, has she?
Saeaap 4:You understand me, don't you?
Saeaap 5: You don,t know this man, do yol?
Saeeap 6: She likes to play sports, doesn,t she?
Saeeap 7:You didn,t go to the party yesterday, didyan?
Saeeap 8; She told you about a ctange in our plan, didn't she?

32. 3aeeapaap aaaenax acryrunbe Hott sx
3aaeap:
Geology is both a theOrelical and applied science, rsn'l it? You
don't take part in this rgsearch project, do you?
1 - You aren't a student, ?
' - No, I'm a teacher.
. 2. Many students at your institute play ditterent sports, "
?
,.
i 3. All your students know the name of the outstanding Russian
obolooist Obruchev. ?
4. He' isn 'l a full-time student,
-:5. You passed all your exams last year; ?
6. She graduatedlrom the institute two years ago,-?
7, You don't speak English, ?
8. This rb your teacher of English.
33. Cedae B-e moflteyilaesp yt wux aeyynebre moe't
H9Ameg.
C3A3B B
ln pre-revolutionary Russia there were several higher mining
schools which trained geologists and mining engineers. The oldest
Russian school of mining was in St. Petersburg, where some well'
known scientists taught A.P. Karpinsky, 8.1. Boky and others. Among
the famous scientists who lectured at the Yekaterinoslav-(now
Dnepropetrovsk) Mining lnstitute was Professor l.K. Sobolevsky, whose
The Technological.lnstitute in Tomsk was opened in 1900; lt
was the oldest industrial and cultural centre of Siberia. The Tomsk
Technological lnstitute had three departments: engineering, chemical
and mining. The Don Polytechnic lnstitute founded in Novocherkassk
in 1907 also had a mining deBartment. ln 1916 a new Mining lnstitute
in Yekaterinburg came into existence.
The total number of students did not exceed two thousand with
only 60 to 70 mining engineers who graduated from mining institutes
each year. That was far below the number needed. lt was quite obvious
that the small number of these institutions could not cope with the
problem of kaining specialists in thefield of mining and goology. Little
wonder that there was a shortage of mining engineers and geologists
in the mining regions of pre-revolutionary Russia.

After th e Revolution lhe irrloscow,i Minrng Academy, wbs, th e f i rst
higher mining educationar estabrishment. tn tre earilr thirties the
Academy estab-lished closocontacts with the coal, oil and or:e mining
i4dustries. The Academy's scientists carried out,research in the Kursk
Magnetic Anomaly, in the Donbas and in other indtrstrial arbas.
.. . ..Th9
need for geologists and mining engineersincreased,so much
that the Agademy,could not qo@'witfi ihe,iroblem:of tru,nrng
"
fuig"
num ber of special istsrfor the country Anrong. the, new,coilegls *nitr,
grew out of the Academy were the Mcjscow Mining lnstit0ie;,the Oil
lnstitute,thelnstituteofGeologicalProspectinganiothers,l
ln 1950 a new mining instiiute appear"din'K"r"rovo, ths 6s.1,.
of.the coal and chernicai industriesjnwestsiberia, The lnstiiute trained
mining engineers for, the coarand orer"nining industries ortre xuiuas.
Later the Kemerovo Mining rnstitute was transformed into the
Polytechnic lnstitute which is now one of the largest and most important
engineering colleges in West Sibetre:. -;.,, ,,:: : : .ii . I
.,', IACFAII
34. Cedeuiln doeon uep dsx myynuil eon caHaaz
35. Csdeuiln sxxu| xo6p doeon uepuile yHuu)t(
xyebceanbtH,otil$ax:iapioctfi ,
6ahcan, yyn,yypxa1n 6yx dssd
cypeyynuile Hrpno. , ,:
:l
36. Opoca,H yyn yy.pxa&n: yyeafi. cypeyynuydein,yfrn
ilcunfiaeaady*ane?t* oay1adspurtetcEde$c oi.
. '' i ,,.:. ..: i ,r.:i:::, :,.:,:.:: i-:;.;, ', : ,
,_
-,31: flapaax,moaeon yee,6oaox xufinuen yecufrn aHanu
dyilquile csdasec on,
dssd cypeyynb, flepm spdeumsd,,.yxdscngx, obymHbt moo,
awKux
Quap Hoe pMbte xudx),:.eafrxanmeyt, yynnu u**e,rgp,
aeanoatduwdym aadan;, eyvaad,aaat.. exead,, wut*itnass xuil x, 6a c,
onou . maeu,tuttus dssd cypayy4uy6u n -
dyad,, ea pt u psx; 6uil
-
donax,
yyo yypxailH ydndaep,.eepqnsx .
,' 38. flapaax ac,yyitnue HIMNL eedaurtx daeyy xapurt ee..,
1.How man! .:,,,.-' in pre-revOlUtionary Russia?
.30

2. Where
3. What well-known
of Mining?
pre.revolutionary Russia?
' 7. What new mining institute
the oldest Russian school of mining?
in 1950 in Kemerovo?
4. What subject
5. When
Professor Sobolevsky ?
a mining institute in Yekaterinburg
into existence?
6.-ashortageofminingengineersandgeologistsin
39. Fypeau eapquaubt aflb xtadoa B-uiln aeyynead xufrqex
6yile modopxoiln.
1. Mining Education in Russia.
2. Mining Education in Siberia and the Far East.
3. The Development of Mining Education in Russia.
40. a) ffoopx cedeuile monb 6uque awuenil,( opqyyn.
ln his book "Reminiscences of a Mining Engineer" Academician
A.M. Terpigorev writes: "What I want to say to the young people of our
country is: 'Love your work, put your heart and soul, all your knowledge
and ability into it, and above all, never shirk smalljobs, for it is small
things that make up a great accomplishment. Be.true patriots!
'lf you love your people, if you link up your whole life with them
and give them all your energy and knowledge, the people will respond
with love and recognition. That is the conclusion I have drawn from
my own life."'
6) A.M.Tepnueopelbrr yeuila xepxer yssr,( laileaaeaa
un,pxuun.
31

UNIT 2
Mining Education Abroad
A. fiypsu
1. Yfin yrufin yHAcaH xsn6epyy4
2. Perfect 1ynrufru qaryyA
Csdse A. Mining Education in Great Britain.
6. Aypsu
Tycnax yfin yryyA 6a rsgrsepufin gyfiqyyg
Csdee E. Mining Education in Great Britain
B, Csdx B.
Xsn4ex acyydan Opsc 6onon aadaad daxt yyn yypxailH
donoacponux acyydnyyA
1.Yi,n yrniln ylulcex ru6apyyg
Yiln yeuilx yxdcen xsn*spyydtile u*sx s&i it anenu xennuil
qazurtn moemonqoo, medasspuiie oiineox, xspsanexel unyy
I
AYPEM
lnfinitive
rogopxoi
Past
Simple
oxrufix oHrep
ceH
Past
Participle
(lndefinite)
6Erep@lt
Present
Participle
(P.il) (P.r)
qgm qamfix
3ne xu yfin
yrufin ronu
6nqruilx xen-
6sp 6onox
6ereeA 3apru-
cyn yr to
6afigraap
rogopxofi-
,rorAoHo
rycnamrcrafiraap ll 6a lll prr
xen6eprf, r yycftrHo. fiypunf, x
6yc (craxgaprux 6yc) yf,n
yruftx ll, lllxan6.aprtrr qaoxo,t t-
6sn goxnxo.
3ee yin yr HbAaraBap
Past Simple I Pefed
xen6sp lPassive-rf,x
Yfrn ymlx lxen-
6apr -ingrr HoMHo
Cmtirurousqarufir
6ynnrlr yycraxoA
xapofnt HS.
32

flyprurin yna yryyg
to assist
Tycnax
to produce
xuilx
assisted
TycnaB
produced
TycnaB
assisted
TycaacaH
produced
TycaacaH
assisting
rycnax 6yfi
producing
rycnax 6yfi
flypurfir 6yc yin yryyA
to begin
3Xn3X
to make
xuhx
began
oxnSB
made
xtafre
begun
ox3nc3H
made
xhficsH
beginning
sxsnx 6yfi
making
xnrtx6yia
2. Perfect dynaurtu qaeyyd (6oncon qaeyyd)
Perfect iyneuiln qaeyyd ua odoo, oHeepceH rcnyy upsedyil dex
yed dyyccaH pMyy myxailn yeuiu ypd 6onx 6yil yilndnuile
unspxuttnxs.
1us 6ynzuiln 4aeyydau yiln yeuiln xsn1spyyd nr soxux u,ae daxa
mycnax ydn ye to have 6onon ymeam yin yeuiln eHeepceH Uaeuiu
yilnm uspssc 6ypdsus.
to have + ymeam yiln yeufru 3 daxa xsn1sp
3eexeu yiln ye to have Hb 6ue, u,aeaap eeptneedex, ymeam
yrtn yeudn 3 daxa xen1ep Hb eepqnenmeyi yndsns: havelhas/had
asked; shalllwill/have asked.
ogoo EoIlcoH qAr
(THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE}
have 't
has J
eHrepcoH qarufrH yfinr nep
yrrar yfrn ynafiu (Past Participle)
Present Pertect ut yiln nedan Hb flpuaHH yed 6ypsu dyyccau
,ouyy, oHeopceu yed doncon amnaa yp dyH ua odoo t4aam eapu 6yrt

Acyynrnaud have/has ut eeyynsedsxyynurt oMHo maeueOax 6a
yeyrtcesx eeyyn1spm yayrtcesn not -arc xepeenoHo:
yilndnuile unspxuilnus:
They have opened
the new road.
Tsd wuus sau Sapaxes
(Tyyesep netqeaax 6yil)
- Ta myyuude eueedep
xapcan yy?
4u xsses Hoe Lla?m
Iloudoxd 6ailcan yy?
Tsp deueex cafl eapnaa
Muuuil MauuH 1990 onux
.
- No, I haven't seen
her yet.
Present Perlect dsx yiln yemeil eeyyn1spm doopx euwyyduile
ofioHmaa x3p3en9H3.
1) ffyycaaeyrt daileaa qaeuile aaacaH doopx 6ail4 ye: today
exeedep, this week sus donoo xoHoem, this month sus capd, this
year erc xund:
It hasn't rained today. Oneedap 6opoo opooeyil
2) Todopxoil 6yc dadeap ye ever xoaos Hse qaem, never xs3oo
q, already xeduilxuil, yet 6ac, just deneex, 6onou since mep yesc,
dapaa na, before ypd espee eeyyn1spurtu 1ypdsn xsceuda
- Have you seen her
today?
Have you ever been
to London?
She has just left.
I have had my car
since 1990.
Present Pertectdsxyilnyauile uoueon xsnpWeandw o*eopcel
qaa daxa meec mepnuilx yiln yaep opwn*a.
eHroPceH YEt4fiH {Ar
(THE PAST PERFECT IENSE)
hart.r eHrepceH qarufix yf,m xep
yrrar yfin yrnix (past participle)
, Oneepceuyeuiiu qae xtoleepcer Uaeuilx auap twyddyyqcan
6onon 6ycad yiln aednaac eMHe o*aepcor yed 1oncon VUi'aniW
unsp xu il nexed xe peaneeds ns.

I didn't go to see the fitm Eu euuedepydsw xunond neaaayi
last night because I'd Yuup 1tt 6u eue xunoe ypad ua
seen it before, yscgH dafrcan pu.
Shb told riie she had never Tep ypd nt Iloudond xo3ee s
been to London before, 1aileaaeyil esx nadad xsncsn.
. Moneon xsneuO Past Pertect Osx yiln yasud eueepceu yed
@rrcoH, oonoozYu mepnuuH Yun Ye moxupHo.
, ceABUffn emxexgAcrAll
1. a|flapaax yecuile Qyyndaryfrq ynu:
[::] - course,' bodrd, a'broad, re'cording, be'cause
Uu :]
-'during,'tutor,
tu'ition,'sttrdent
[a:]
- work, con'cem, conceming, uni'versity
[ai] -'science, Tinal, de'sign, ap'plied
lskl
- school, 'scholarship
n -'special,,speciali'zation,'specialist,
.speci'ality
6) ffapaax yecuile yxut. Tednuil dyydnaeate mozmoo
laboratory []a'b:rat(a)ril, traversing ltrava(:)siOl, Nottingham
[nrtirlam], university [ju:ni'va:sitil, tacheometry [,teki']matril,
examination [ig,zami'neifn], graduation [,gradju:'eiJn]
e) flapaax yenyyduiln opeenmuilH eopqnenmuile anxaapu
xoc yecuile yxu.
ex'periment - ex,peri'mental; 'tutor - tu'torial; as'tronomy
- ,astro
'nomical;,taehe'ometry
-,tacheo'metric
2. flapaaxyzc6onon nuiinnen yeuiie dompoo l-2ydaaynw.
Teeeed dyyndaryilq yHwuxc msdelepuila moemooxua xueoo.
accurate ['akjurit] a _uapuiin,
3e6,'accuracy n HapuuH
archive ['a:kaiv] n apxue
attend [a'teld] v cyyx (terc4,
npaKmu,cuufl xu.t:x)l, aaeftruHo)
comprehensive [krmpri
'hensivl a 6yx mutua, 6ypn
concern ftan'sa:nl v xaupatr,
xauaawx, f,Map Kra rcMar#t
xaluaamali 6a[x; n axun,
xapb(aa, qyxan;- concernlng
prep xaMpax, xyebo
consider [kan'sidal v aeq Yx,x,
tttreiotloxi considerable o Yisux,
qyxan; consideration r aeLt
YSgx, xgflgflqex
draw [dn:] (drew [dru:], drawn
[drr:nD v sd. sypax, s1pax; draw
35

the conclusion dyexenm xudx;
ryn come to the conclusion
employ [im'pl:i] v, xopoensx,
awuznax, oneox (axu): svn
use, utilize, apply; emplofmeht
n anoa, ilKun, x9p9en3x,
auu?nax
familiarize fa'miljaraiz] v
maHunqyynax, e3sMwux
fundamental [,fnnda'mentl n pl
YHO9C ( wuHx,c/,3x yxaatbt)
levelling ['levliq] n xueenupdenm,
apuneax (eepyye) ; moewumeex
number ['nnmbq] n moo, moo, ux
moo; (dac dapoanw) dyeaap,
94H9,9
observe [ab'za:v] v axuarfax,
larg+scale open-cast mlning
traversing and levelling
xf,Hax (auap Hse nuwe),
6apuumnax,
-
daeax (dypeu,
zonwwe)
obtain [ab'tein] v aeax, xypsx,
ondopnox; syr get, receive
present [pri'zent] v epeex,
o9n32lr9x, eeex, aeex;
presentation n nartn6ap,
maHunqyynea
proximity [pok'simili] rxe?w; - ih proxiririty
ouPonqoo, otip (uilap
nuand)
oilp,
to
H3e
traversing [trava(:)siq]
xsenEn sypaanafl
to keep in close touch with xonfioo 6apux
to touch apoB (on) xexdex, moeq xellox
3. a) dazaeap lc-mert msrdae yeufra oprya
automatic, electronic, scientific, academic ,,
6) aneacax H"p yessc Wccsn msudae Woop xoocon satie
6eene.
1. lt is obvious that Great Britain, like every other country in
modern internationally-organised'economy, ought to concenkate on
the industrial and ... activities.
2. Scientists and engineers work in the field of sclence and
engineering. They cany out research and solve important.. problems
in computer engineering.
3, Engineers pay much attention to electronics rnw. They design
and build new .., machines which they use in indusby.
4. Automation helps people work more easily. fhe development
of ... control systems is the main aim of modem errgineering.
4.llapaar nuiinnst yecuita yHwux op.rryn.
require
svn
the
t'' waapdnaeue
ore mining
in proximity to od-fields
36

5. fneacan yecuiln yme*e 3oxux MoHeon yecuiln ut
aeeyypmail,mecmefi &aildnaap ut modopxodn.
th9 nroblem concerning mining education; special cotteges;
special institutes; geologists and mining engineers; mechanical
and electrical engineers; social sciences; speciatized subjects; the
type of specialization and qualification; coarse;'togical
conclusions; experimentat methods of work; the characteristics of
engineering materials; two types of taboratories; the final years;
tacheometric and astronomicat surveying; to guarintee
employment for the graduates from colleges ind unlversities;
financial and other resources
accurate scientific observations
fundamentals of engineering
science
drawing clabses
the equipment available for
carrying out surveying
to obtain good results
6. a) ffapaax xufrnuen
manuH daeauaac on.
1. electrical engineering
2. applied sciences
3. postgraduates
4. in proximity to mines
5. to draw logical con-clusions
6. to obtain good results
7. to record observations
mining departments of
universities
graduation paper
a wide range of activity
to attend lectures and seminars
to keep in close touch with
mining enterprises
yecuiln MoHeon dyilquhe dapyyu
a) acnupaumyyd
6l cailn yp dyH on),( aaax
e) axuenanmHe 6uqux aeax
rl 4axuneaan mexHuK
gl xaacpanm wuHxngx yxaaH
el yypxain ofipon4oo.
x) syil 6cnut dyenenm xuilx
, 6) flapaax nufrnuen yecu&n axenu dyilquile 6apyyn manam
6aeauaac on.
1. funoux oneox a) on the other hand
-6onouxoop
xuilx) 6) to keep in touch with
2. wuxxuness xuilx e) to make it possible
3. ueeee manaac r) to carry oui research
4. nexq, npaxmuxudn (to be engaged in research)
xuussnd cyyx g) scientific report
5. nuesnuilpdsx, xoamse e) both in the laboratory and in the fierd

3ypazfian
6. ...msil xondoo 6apux
7. naSopamopu, xsspuiu
uexqend
8. wunxnsx yxaaH* xaudnaea
A. to attend
to introduce
to train
to get
to draw
to present
to deal with
to solve
to carry out
to depend upon
x) levelling and traversing
s) to attend lectures and classes
7. A xsceuiln yiln yemeil moxupox nep yaurte 6 xeceeec
conea. Teaesd medasep nuilnuee yeee opqyyn.
E. postgraduates
scholarship
lectures and classes
fundamentals of engineering
specialists
higher education
conclusions
new methods
scientific reports
problems
research
courses in engineering
8. Cgdae A-e ynw. Hommunaeuurtn ux cypeyynuilH yyn
yypxailn Saxynamem*H cucmewufra moOopxoilnx 6yfr
eeyyndspyyduila nepre,
c3fl38 A
Mining Education in Great Britain
ln Great Britain the students get mining education at special
colleges and at mining departments of universities.
For example, the Mining Department at the University of
Nottingham ranks as one of the foremost teaching and research mining
''schools
in Great Britain. The students come to the University from ail
pahs of the country and from abroad. The close proximity of Nottingham
to mineextracting coal and different metals makes it possible for the
Universityo keep in close touch with new achievements in mining.
The aim of training at the University is to give the student an
understanding oflp{iei science based on lectures, tutorial systeml,
laboratory work and iles-ign classes. The laboratory work trains the
student in accurate recirlding of observations, drawing of logical
38.

conclusions and presentation of scientific reports. Besides, it gives
the student an understanding of experimental methods and familiarizes
him (or her) with the characteristicsof engineering materials, equipment
and machines.
At Noftingham there are two types of laboratories, general and
specialized. General laboratories deal with the fundamentals of
engineering science and specialized ones2 study the more specialized
probl€ms in different branchqg of engineering.
During the final two years of his course the student gets a
comprehepsive haining in surveying. Practical work both in the field
and in drdryihg clpssesforms an important partof this course. Besides,
tre studeii$ have practical work in survey camps during two weeks.
The equipment available for carrying out traversing, leveling,
tacheom6trib and astronomicat surrreying is of the latest design.
The'practical and laboratory **f inroughout the three or four
years of study forms a very important part of the eourse, sothe students
obtain the required standard in their laboratory course work before
they graduate.
British educationalsystem is fee-paying.3 The annualfee includes
registration, tuition, examination, graduation and, in the case of full-
time students, membership of the Union of Students.
Students from all over the world (nearly 100 countries) study at
the University of Nottingham. For many years the University has had
a thriving community of intemational students.
The University pays much attention to learning foreign tanguages.
For individualstudy there is a 16-place self,ascsss tape.libra4/ with a
tape archive of 3,000 tapes in 30 languages. There are also 16 video
*ork stations where the students play back video tapes or watch TV
broadcasts in a variety of languages.
coEoBT )(A[I[AAPAX TOIOPXOFfl OnT
1. tutorial system
- Hx Epumanuil cypeyynuydad mepddee
myeafr aeeneaeend onymxyyduz xaMaryax moemonqoo
2. ones
- Hsp ye sciences-uile 1aemaxeyiln myn xgpgenoHe
3. fee.paying
- donoecponun men6epmsil cucmeu
4. self.access tape library 4 Kaccom.tile qeneemsil awuenax
an syil
39

Anenu xensud ux oHqnoemoil daildae xed xsdeu usp yeend
cyynuuitu rcp ya Hb eon modopxoilqoe,a dondoa 6a xapuu myynuil
ewHex 6yx nsp ye Hb myyHuil modopxoilnonm 6onxo. (3apuudaa
meduuil dyud msudse uep 6aildae). floopx )Kuweee ys.
laboratory work
- nadopamopuilu axun
design classes
- eypauiln xutssnuilu aueu
TV broadcasts
- meneeueuilu Hsempyynee
AACTA,l
9. CedeuiH aeyyneaHd serap eeyyn6ep moxupu 6yila
modopxoiin. Oepuilxxee xapuya codoe dex fiapuumaap 6amna.
1. ln Great Britain the students can get mining education only at
special colleges.
2. The training at universities is based on tutorial system.
3. The laboratory work familiarizes the studerrt with modern
equipment.
4. There are three types of laboratories at the University of
Nottingham.
5. When the students study surveying, they have practical work
both in the field and in drawing classes. j
6. The students from abroad dont study at l{ottingham.
10. fiapaax acyynmaud xapuyn.
1. Where can one get mining education in Great Britain?
2. ls the Mining Department at the Unlversity of Nottingham one
of the foremost research mining schools in Great Britain?
3. What makes it possible for the University to keep in close
touch with the achievements in mining?
4. What are the students supposed to do in the laboratories?
5. Will the sfudents have prac{ical work ln survey camps or in the
6. What'do the students use survsying equipment for?
7. What can you say about studying foreign languages at the
University?
ll. Csdeeec iloopx eeyynfispuiie aneax 6urt.
a) there lslare
6) Present Perierlt qeaap ut cpxrfrneedccn eeVlne*yyu

12. Xaanman daxa ydn yauila Present Pertect dsx xendepuile
on.
1. you _ (to be)to Great Britain?
2. _you'_ (to finish) your test?
3.- all the students _(to prepare)thetext for retelling?
4. He_ just _ (to graduate) from the mining de-
partment of the university.
5. He says he _ never (to see) the girl before.
6. Unfortunately, I _ (not to see) the film.
7. _you ever (to travel) to the USA?
8. She says she (to change) her mind.
9. They say they never _ (to be) at this place before.
10. Nobody _(to see)him today.
13. flapaax myceaapnax acwnmaHd xapuynx dyycea.
1. He hasn't come back yet, _?
2. She has travelled a lot, ___J
3. You haven't been to the university today, J
4. I have told you about my new job, _?
5. You haven't seen our tape library, _J
6. They haven't left yet, ___]
7. You have tearned the poem by heart, _?
8. You haventt waited for me long, ?
14. CsdeuilH acwnmaHd acyynm HsM)r( xapuy ee.
1. Where the students in Great Britain_mining
education? (to get)
2. What it possible for the University to keep in close touch
rith new achievements in mining? (to make)
3. What the aim of training at the Mining University? (lo
he)
4. How many types of laboratories _ at Nottingha m? (there
+tu)
5. What generallaboratories with? (to deal)
6. What specialized laboratories _? (to study)
7. Where the students their practical work? (to
tgrr)
8.- British educationalsystem fee-paying? (to be)
9. What the annualfee ? (to include)
41

15. One (ones) eedea yeuilu onoH ymebte xapyyncaH
xycntemuile cydna. One-msii eayyndspuiia moneonoop
opqyynax apebe a,ixaap. flapaa ua eeyyn6spso yHwwr( opqyyn.
O7 e u a yp0 dy pdcan eeyyn 6e pu it z o pno e u u E u yr1pe a ey il qs ma ex
6yil eayyn6apu0n dyeaapb,e Hopno.
TooHut "Hsr" Ec regr,ri oryynor-
AoxyyH (one's-urx
xaMaaTaxgnranHH
xsn6sorsfi 6afina)
YpR Rypgcax nop yrNfir
opnorq (onon rooxur
ones xsn6eprefi 6afina)
one student
H3r opyraH
rrcry students-
oRoH oloyTaH
une can see...
xapx 6onxo
One must say...
xanex xaperrefi
One must do one's
duty.
Mooem macnlnes are
better than the old ores.
r!],rHe MauhHyyA Hb xyyq-
Haac Aosp
This book is better than the
one you gave me.
3Ho Hou ,iutuit HaAaA
erceHooc Asop roM
1. ln Great Britain one can get higher education at colleges and
universities.
2. Oxford, famous for its oldest university in Britain, is now ore of
the most important centres of the motor=car industry,
3. The speaker touched upon only ohe important problem
- the
state.of higher education in Great Britain.
4. The training of mining engineers and geologists includes a
comprehensive study of general subjects as well as special ones.
5. ln the laboratory students leam to design new collieries and
quarries, to build modem mines, dressing plants and reconstruct old
ones,
6
AYPsM
Tycnax yfin yrvyC 6a reAreepuix gyiqon
Tycnax yiln ye na yilndnuile 6yc xaptuu npueuuilx yilndsn nuyy
daidand xandax xapunqaae unepxuilnns. 1us dyneufru yiln ye Hb:
can, may, must, shall, should, wlll, would, ought to 6onuo.
Sdasep yiln yauile sapundaa iymaedanmail esx xepneilse. Yuup
,oy eeeen msdassp ua:

a) hlufuunumua, yfinm Hop, xwpHex f,nean*H xsndspeyil daildae.
6) Seexen odoo qaauilu xsndspmsil daildae 6a xapuu 3apuM Hb
eHeopceH qaeuiln xsndspmsil dailna. (Xuweendsn can
- could; may
- might);
e) acyyx, yeyilcesx xsndspuile myaax yiln ye do-ayil yyceeffi.
(Tseexdss mycnax yiln yess eayyneedexyyuuil euna dailpnyynx,
myyuuil apd yeyilcasn not-arc HsMex saMaap yyczsne): Xuwss ut:
llay I go? He cannot work.
e) Eue, qaeuilx anulaap Hb q eepqneedexeyd (eanq moouat 3
daxa 6ued s meeceeneyil 6ail0aa) Xuwse ua: he can read, she may
so.
Yiln ye can-Hv dymaedanmail xsndspuiln opond to be able to
xsn6spuile xepeeneHe.
To have to ut must-ttu, to be allowed to-e may-uilu opond
xspsensedeue.
Tycnax yin
yn4fix xsn-
6op, regrse.
uin nvfirnr
Yrra Xnuse Opvyynra
1 2 3 4
larHould
hyEqen
b be able
b)
nay+night
[ffipn to
be dbwed
b)
[Et
(liren
a) Eue, opyHbl
t{aABap loMyy
6onomx
6) uuinpop, ryo
naMx Y3YYrcx
xyc€nr (could-
rsfi nryy oenABr
a) seaueepen
(can-rafiraac
rnyy 6c regufi)
6) uaragnan,
TaaMarnan
(might-rafi 6ar:
I
urren
la) dcroil uraapl
lnara (eeo cox-
He can/could ope-
rate the cutter-
loader.
He willbe able to
operate cutter-
loader.
Can/Could I borrow
your p6n, please?
- Certainly
May I ask you a
question?
You may take the
article.
He will be allowed
to stay.
He may come here
It might rain.
They must come
lodav
Top KoMoa[H xonoo-
Aox qaMar (.raggar
6aIe)
Tep rombain xofloo-
Aox qaAHa (vagxa)
Tauu ysrulr aav
6onox yy?
6onHoo
Taxg acyynr raeux
6onox yy?
Ta crarusr asq 6onxo
TyyxA sHg 6afixutr
seB]rleepHe
Tep exg rpx naaragryfi
6opoo opx Oonsouryi
(6opooopx ruaragryil)
Tsg exeegep upsx
6croi.
43

1 2 3 4
to have to,
to.be to
have to (hac
to, shall/will/
'llhave to)/
have got to
(an6aH 6cxt
6yc yrsxg)
to be to
will, would
would like
would (='d)
rather
shall
should
ot4ght to
ronrryil)
6) xoprrnonr
(not)
uaapAnara, ro-
gopxofi 6afig-
naac YY.,qpx
6crofi 6onox
rox14poflr{oo,
Tyuaan, TeneB-
nere6, AYpsM
asprufix yH.qcoH
A93p ujaapAar-
Aax
a) rycnauxnfix
Tanaap 3n9r6r
xYcSnT, caHan
6) exrepcex yeg
6oncox.yfing-
fllrfiH AaETanr
(would)
xYcon, Yn xycsx
qyxanqnan
I
aunanrr Tyuaarl
oyxon I
3oBneree. I
YHoMulYYrox I
acrofi, 6,c ayfi- |
resc yygenrstr I
uJaao[nara I
lThis must be done
I at once.
lHe
mustn't go there.
Itney nave to appty
Ithis system in wor-
lking thick seams
I
lThey had to replace
lold equipment.
lWe have got to hurry
lne nas got to go
lThe coal industry is
Ito increase its
I
output.
lHe was to come
lat
e
Willyou say it
again?
Would you mind
opening the window?
ln the evening the
old miner would
tell his sons about ]
his job. I
Would you like to I
go in? I
I tried to open the i
door, but it wouldn'tl
open. I
l'd rather do it. I
You shall go there. I
I
I
You shoutd hetp I
yaur ftiends. I
You ousht o rno* |
safety rules. I
lvyxrrrLuyygxnfix xe-
lponen (uaap4nararafi)
lTep rr,rirues neax dcryil
I[yVHn nax 6onoxryfi)
lTe4ex4 oysaaH yeufir
laruurnaxaA
oHa o4c-
lreMrhr x3p3ffl3x
lr.uaapgnararafi
lTeg xyy,rraH roHorno-
lnoomnrot ecroi Eonxog
Eug napax 6crofi
Tep cBax uraapAnararafi
Hyypcxufi yfingesp
on6opnonroo HaMgr-
gyynex Ecroft.
Tep 9 qarr rpsx 6crofi
6aia (toxrponqcoH
6coop)
{laaTan xon.qag
tlotrS no#oerex xyy
gerex yypxafiurax
eeprixxee axnuH
ryxanxesryyg4pe ygeur
npux erger 6a[a.
llaax ree oy? l
(Ta opox ree roy?) ]
5u xaanrur oxrolnroxl
recoH oono8q Aufina- |
cexryfi. I
6r yyxutrr qyxanqnax i
6axs. I
Ia xap rrtruss eBHa I
uyyl(eepeep
6r ra rrapt ryuaax
5af,xa.
faroxoAAee
roxl4Ho (ulaapgnara-
rafi, xopsrrsr)
la anynryf, axhnna-
aaxu gypmufir
ieroi. (ilaasen
44

ceABlrmH sMHgx AAcrArr
16. a) ffapaax yecuila dyyndaxyiltq yHtuDrt medeespuiln
dyydnaearc conc.
'number ,uni'versity a'ward
in'struction,insti'tution course
study 'student au'thority
in'dustrial tu'torial im'portance
just tu'ition board
hall
,qualifi'cation ,arts
'college 'Cardiff
'confer 'largest
'quarry de'partment
ac.commo'dation staff
al'lot
6) ffapaax yecude eanuefia.
3aeeap: term
- [ta:m] - ceMecrp
confer
graduates
extractive
entry
apply
management
staff
quarrying
excavation
admission
minimum
-t
-t
-t
-t
-t
-t
-t
-t
17. flapaax yec 6onox nu&nuen yzcuiie dompoo 1-2 ydaa
yttur. l[apaa xt medeospec dyyndaxyiltq yuurux moemooxbte
rlr939,
edvance [ad'vo:n:s] n deawun,
irxxrunm, ypa?w axux; v
anxunm eapeax, xeaKux,
ypaew axdx; advanced
sounse_s ep?omeeceH
x8fnenoepeepx Kypc
rrlhority [::'0rriti] n saxup?aa,
erPea Hap
flhr l'difal v (from) f,nzaDax
1*ap rce'nnrbac); difierehce
i flnzaa, aepyy; dlltercnt a
vcaamai; sya various
-rate
['ekskaveit] y
&prcx (iyypcuile);'awuzm
srvnuanb@ un apaaap
ondopnox, yxilK aeax (xepcutie);
excavation n un aDeaaDx
on6opnonm, Kapbep; surfa'ce
excavation un on6oononm: svn
open-cast (opeacast)
experience [iks'piarians] n
awbdpanbH mypwnaea, ilKnuH
mypwnaea, axunflacaH xyeaqaa
found [faundl v yudscnsx; syn
establish, set up; foundation n
vudecnsx. wcdsu dailewnax
yudsc; lat tli6 foundgtioihmap
H92 ,OMHbt g[lrltnuu? maaux,
f,Map ,$a nnnw yndcuie maaux
manage ['menid3] v ydupd-ax,
spxngx, aMKWnax, xaHoilK
45

.tada{ management n
youponaea, gpxfl1nm, saxupeaa.
saxupeaa; managemeni
:!.r|gies ydupdnaeuu -myxal
uuHxnex yxaaH
m91!-
-[niin] - (mea9t[ v aq
xondoeQonmoi 6ailx, aLt
xondoedonmoil, caflax, sopux,
tneceeflex; n, pl xspsdcen;
meanrng n aq xondoedon: bv
mean? of a.taap (nuap' ue?
toMHbt)
metalliferous [,meta'|,((a)ras] a
means of production
Memafin aeyyndae, xydepmed
preliminary [pri'lim(i)naril a
ypboquncaH; prelimifary
course denmeen iypc
realize ['rialaiz] v 6ailx, odnaox
9y . napuileauire); syn
recognize ['rekaqnaizl y
xynesn seeuieepexl ueditx
work out ['wa:k ,aut] y
oonoecpyynax (mercercieee),
oodnoeHe 6odox
to be of iaterest - coHupxon tnamax
to give instruction - 3aax; synto teach
in addition (to) - MeH, 6ab, myynssc eadua
such as - myyH wue
18_. flaeaeap ous-mail meudee uepuiix opuyyneb,e anxaapq
oeyynaepuile opuyyn.
1. The department dears with the whore range of extractive
industries such as coal and metaltiferous mining.
2. The famous universities of Oxford and Cambridge are the
oldest in Great Britain dating from 1249 and l28/,Jhey are ricogniieo
3. The graduates from the Mining Engineering Ddpartment work
in various fields of the country's economy.
19. ffapaax nuilnugn yecuila yH,aux op.rwn.
the college authority industrlalty exftrienced errgineers
a;wide range of subjects/interests a new meaning of the word
the preliminary course of study oii technotogy
full-tlme and pdrt-tlme education
surface excavation
managementsystem
advanced courses
powdermetal
to improve knowledge
mine surveying
difficult conditions of work
graduation paper
extractive industries
average coal output
to save fuel resources
20. fnzacax yeuiia ymztte soxttx Hortzon yeuill e*yypnafr
ntecmefr nzeyypmaii daildnaap Hb modopxoilt.
46

a technical college; a preriminary course; professionartraining;
a good tradition; a technically advanced profession; industrially
experienced engineers; highly qualified specialists; the
organization of the academic year; three-term system; examination
tests; to recommend for entry to the university; to take
examinations; to interview ail the candidates; to serect candidates
21. Cedee E-e ynw. l4x Epumauuil llx cypayynuyd daxa
donoecponbw cucmeMuilu ouryoem alxaapnaa xaudyyn.
c3[38 E
Mining Education in Great Britain
(continued)
At present in Great Britain there are a number of universities and
colleges which give instruction in mechanical engineering, mining,
metallurgy, etc. These institutions provide full-time and part-time
education. lt should be noted that technical colleges confer diplomast
on college graduates.
A university graduate reaves with the degree of Bacheror of Arts
or Bachelor of science,2 which is an academic qualification awarded
by universities.
For example, the University in Cardiff has become one of the
targest in wales. lt is one of the four colreges which together with the
welsh National School of Medicineform the University of wales. There
is the Mining Engineering Department in the University of wares. The
Department deals with the whore range of extractive industries such
as coal and metalliferous mining, quarrying and oiltechnology.
- Aftergraduating from the college a student can be recommended
for entry to the university by a college authority and he can apply for
admission to the university.3
At the Mining Department students may take severar courses
sttch as geology, mining engineering, mine surveying, quarrying,
rtanagement studies and others. lt has become a tradltion trai tne
courses are based on an intensive tutoriar system. rt means that
stldents are allotteda to members of the teaching staff for individuar
tition separately in mining, in quarrying and in ilin" su*eying. ihe
system is founded on thaf of the older universities of Greai Br-itain.
At the Department of Mining Engineering of the Newcasfle
tlfversity mining has now become i technically a-dvanced proresrion.
The Department of Mining Engineering trains industriatty experienceo

engineers through various advanced courses in rock mechanics and
surface excavation. For many years the Mining E;;i;;;;rgDepartment at Newcasile has recognized the need for"nighri-quarifieo
engineers and rearized that the courses in rock mechanici ,no .urr"""
excavation are of great importance for mining engineers.
At the University a student studies tor iirree or four years. The
organization of the afademic year is based on a three-tei* sy"te,
which usually runs from about the beginning of october to tre mioote
of December, from the middre of Januaryio the end of March and
from the middle of Aprir to the end of June or the beginning or Jurt.
Student's course is designed on a modurar baiis. u6outes lreself-contained "units" of study, which are taught and assessed
independently of each other. when a student paises a modure, he
(she) gains a credit. All modules carry a number of credits. At the end
of the term, the number of credits a student gets, determines the award
he (she) receives. Each module is continuously u"r"rr"J
-ny
coursework and/or end-of-term examinbtions.
Admission to the British universities is by examination and
selection. The minimum age for admission to the four-yuu,
"orr=u'i.normally 18 years. Departments usually interview allthe candioates.
The aim of the interview is to select beiter candidates.
Just over harf of ail university students rive in cofieges, hails of
residence, or other accommodation provided by their unive[itv, ,not
",third lives in rodgings or privatery rented accommodation; and'the rest
live at home.
CSNBTIIH TAffflEAP
1. confer diplomas
- dunnouoop waexadae
2. Bachelor ol Arts
- ypnaeuilx 6axanaep; Bachelor of Science
- wuH)Kttox yxaaHH 6axanaap ut AHy, Auanud ux cyp?yynb
meeceladed xypmesdee spduuilu $poa ,oM.
3. to apply for admission to the university (college) _ ux
cypeyynad (rconnexud) sncex epeeden oeex
4. are allotted
- xyeaapunaedaxa
5. teaching staff
- npogeccop-*aawuilu ypsndexyyu
6. ... on that of the older adversifies _ dssp'yeuilu ux
cypeyynuydatH cucmeM dsx (that Ha "tha system,-ae oiniuo) -
48

IACrAIl
22. Cedeuilu aeyynead eMap eeyyndep uuilqex 6yila
modopxoiln. Xapuynmaa csdee dex 1apummaap 6amna.
1. At present there are about a hundred technical institutions in
Great Britain.
2. lt should be noted that British colleges confer degrees.
3. As a rule a college authority recommends the graduates for
entry to the university.
4. At the Mining Engineering Department of the University of
Wales the students study only metalliferous mining.
5. At the Mining Engineering Department the courses are based
on an intensive tutorial system.
6. The Mining Engineering Department at the Newcasfle
University has recognized the importance of teaching rock mechanics
and surface excavation (open-cast mining).
23. flapaax acyynmand xapuyn.
1. Are there many technical institutions in Great Britain?
2. What is the difference between colleges and universities?
3. ls the Mining Engineering Department the only one in the
University of Wales?
4. Does the Mining Engineering Department deal
metalliferous mining?
only with
5. Can a student enter the university after he has graduated
from the college?
6. What courses are of special importance for mining engineers?
7. What do you know about the organization of the academic
year at British universities?
8. When do the students take their examinations?
24. a) ffapaax uuilnuon yecuiln MoHeofl dy(tt4uue 1apyyn
firirnbtr daeauaac on.
l. the mining engineering
department
a) epeemeeceu xemen1epeepx
Kypc
2 the college authority 6) xydsp aeyyndae myHaq
3. advanced courses e) ydndespnsnuiln xopoefin
4. metalliferous deposits e) yyn yypxain $axynamem
5- to encourage students d) yynbtH un a)K.tn
6 to meet the requirements e) mypwnaeamai uuxeuep

of the University
7. means of production
8. management studies
9. surface excavation
10. an experienced engineer
1. naxqneec xaMaapax
2. msaexssp, esx
3. waapdnaearc (nmap use
sydnuiln) xynsoH 3eeuteepex
4. sxun 1ypuilu 6ymssrux
(dand yypxailu)
5. dand yypxailn dapea
6. on6opnodoe ylndesp
7. ouqeoil aq xon1oedonmoil
6ailx
8. yynau uynylnaeuu MexaHuK
9. tqopttu eaHq Kapbep
1 0. Qaxynamemarc (cypeyyna,
cucmeM sspeuile) yudecnsx
A. 1. to obtain
2. to call for
x) xonnexuilu saxupeaa
s) onymnyydbrc ypaMwyynax
u) ux cypeyynuilu waapdnaead
uuilqex
x) ydupdnaeatu myxail wufiKnox
yxaaH
- 6) ,Qapaax yec 6onou xuilnuen yeuilu aHenu dyilquile
dapyyu maflHH daeaxaac on.
a) the manager of a colliery (mine)
6) rock mechanics
e) the only quarry
r) annual output
g) to be of par.ticular importance
e)to depend upon the conditions
x) to found a department
(school, system, etc.)
s) to recognize the need (of)
u) to mean (meant)
x) extractive industry
25. ffapaax yacuile auuenaH eeyyn*ep dsx xoocox taile
6oene.
mean means meaning meant
1. Computertechnique is one of the... of modern planning and
control.
2. By .'. of computers and mathematicar modeiling it is possibre
to process a huge amount of information in a short period of time.
3. Britain is not rich in mineral resources. 1t... inat until recenily
coal was the only fuel available in the country
4. What do you ... to do? Are you going to have your practical
training at a mine or at an open-cast mine?
5. You know that the word range has several ...s.
26. A, 6 dex yecssc ymeaapaa oilponqooe Hb coHeo.
5. a) to estabtish
6) to combine
50

3. to understand a) to realize
4. to found r) to get
5. to provide g) to transform
6. to connect e) to set up
7. to consist of x) to require
B. to change s) to supply
9. bed ra) branch
10. field r) to be made of
11. quarry n) seam
12. to receive M) opencast
13. to demand n) surface mine
27. only, the only eedee yeuilx opqwnebe atxaapq dapaax
eeyyndspyyduile optyyn.
1. Untilthe nineteenth century Oxford and Cambridgewere the
only two universities of England.
2. The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge provide instruction
chiefly by means of lectures and they use only a tutor.ial method.
3. The Mining Engineering Department is the only one in the
University of Wales.
4. The University has only two types of laboratories.
5. At the Mining Engineering Department of the University of
Newcastle it has become a tradition that the courses are based only
on a tutorial system.
28. that (those)-un xuwesmsd y3yyncaH ym"b,H
nlcxeemurta cydna. ffapaa us yeudnxae onor ymeb,e aHxaapq
eyyndepss opqyyn.
That (those)
iraax TefleeHl4l4
Yr
(that - raHq roo
those - onoH roo)
vpA AypbAcaH
nsp yrt,tfir saar,l
Yr
(that - ranq roo)
(those - onou rool
^apbqaHryt,rreneouufi yr,
ropopxoilnorv
xaBcapcaH eryYn-
6ep 6onHo
xoflooo Yr
rogopxoilnorv
xaBcapcaH
eryyn6sp _6onHo
Lmk at that
rnan. - Tep xyntafir
xErp Aaa
lmk at those
people. - TeAresE
The calorific
power of coal is
2-4 times greater
than that of wood.
- Hyypcnnfi ny-
The letter that
came in the morn
ing is from my
husband. - Ornee
ryYp hpc3H 3axu-
She says that
she did not
receive this
letter. - Tep sHe
3axrAnbtr aBaa-
51

Bap Hb Mo,qHbt-
xooc2-4 AaxnH
14frYY
Aafl ql4Hb
Hexpeec upcSH
3axh.aafl
1. lt is known that the scientists have arready done considera
work in the field of automatized systems of pranning and contror
underground operatlons. Their experience is very eniouraging.
2. The calorific value of coar is 2-4 times greater tian that
wood.
3.The equipmenl thatlhe postgraduates have used for
6. 6onoe, e. 6onuo)
out their experiments is of the latest design.
4. lt was clear thot computers could perform lhework thar
could not.
5. The geological conditions of Wales differ from those o{
29. a) ffapaax oeyyndepuile dyyndaxyilq ynw.
6) Xaanmax daxa xyeunflapaac yiln ye - eeyynexyynuil
opqyyneHe coHeo.
. Today mining engineering has become a key industry on which
the speed (xypd) of economic development dependi. (a.6onx *ailna,
2. Experience has herped the engineers to sorve the probrem c
increasing coal output, (a. mycna"e, 6.-mycnana, g. mycnilK 6a1na)
3. Research workers have deveroped an efficilnt method for
mining bedded deposits, (a. 6onotecpyyn4eaax 6ailua, 6.
6onoecpyynuaaaa, e. 1onoecpyynaedax OaAifl
30. Yila ye - oeyynexyyH nt pertecbuiln 1yneudx use
xendepm xspaeneeddee eeyyndepufre on.
1' They have provided the raboratory with the modern equipment
for carrying out experiments.
2. These engineers have graduated from the college.
3. The universities have advanced courses in rock mechanics
and surface excavation.
4' Mechanization and automation of underground mines and
opencasts have advanced greafly.
5' The researeh workers had made a rot of experiments before
they received positive results.
52

6. He had worked in the mine for many years before he became
a research worker.
31. ffapaax yeceec oeyyndsp 3oxt!o.
1. much time, the students, in, spent, today, have, the laboratory
2. Moscow, for Great Britain, just, left, the scientist, has
3. already, his, he, finished, work, has, laboratory
4. neVer, the dressing plant, have, to, we, been
5. has, the institute, graduated from, she, not, yet
32. ffapaax eeyyndepuile yuwux yiln ye - eeyynexyynuil
myp xsn6epuile modopxoiln.
a) 1. The engineer has just graduated from the mining engineering
department.
2. This year the college authority has introduced a new course in
environmental protection.
3. Have you ever been in the mine?
4. The group of researchers has not yet solved the problem of
using a new method in their work.
5. Mining has now become a technically advanced branch of
industry.
6) 1. A group of experienced engineers began to design and
construct a new, more powedul mining equipment for opencasts two
years ago. This year they have finished their work. (The equipment is
ready for use in industry.)
2. Some years ago coal was the only fuel available in Great Britain.
e) Until recently Britain's heavy industry was mainly in the centre
of England and in the London region. Such towns as Birmingham,
Coventry and Sheffield produced heavy machinery, motor-cars and
other equipment. These old industrial centres have developed new
branches of industry: electronics, radio, the chemical industry and
ofrrers.
33. Gsdee E-sec yiln ye - oeyyflsxyyH ua dyyccax yilndnufie
unspxuilnx 6yrt eeyyn6epuile on.
34. flaaneaaapte dapaax 3aeeapaap eydqemes.
3aeeap: Say what the students have already done
(fo pass their examinations).
The students have already passed their examinations.

i
. 1) Say what the students (a group of students) have (has) alreaay]
done (to pass examinations, lo make experiments, to present a repofi,)
to write a graduation poper, to have practical work). i
2) SiV what the manager (the group ot engineers, the authority)J
hasn't (haven't) done y?t (to work oit special mihods, n aoitn ; ,;;),
computer, to equip laboratories, to introduce qutomated systems of,
planning and control of underground operations, to provide the iaboratoii
with necessary equipment). '1
3) Say what the students {the geologists, the manager, the j
college, the miners) did (did not do) not rong ago, rast year, twJmonths i
ago, last week, etc. (to keep in close touch with indistriat enterprises, I
to discover new deposits, to extroct many lons of coal, to replice oldi,
e.quipment, ro touch upon the problem of labour productivity,'to attendl
lectures and classes). iI
,l35. Oeyyndspuila yuuux msdesspuits anuud Hb oHeepcol
qaauilu (The Perfect-T_ense) xen*epuile xepeenoeen
"oxu*re
I
modopxodn. meased dapaax yec, xon1oo yayyduile ,*u"ou*i
oeyyn6apeo op.tyqt.
to graduate from; to carry out an experiment; to take a
postgraduate course; the share of coal; to work out a probtem;-
the number of postgraduates (postgraduate student"i; io :
increase; to decrease; to discover; tfre iuet batance l
1.
2.
3.
Tsd mypwunmaa xuiluxxss.
Tsd myputunmaa eteopcon danoo xoHoem xuilxss.
eus eanyy uHxeHep dsed cypeyynuile xo6p xunuiln euue
meeceex$g.
4. Tsp sue oud acnupaHmypm opxee.
5. l-eonoequd fiailaanuilu xuil nescauil dapaa pailoxat mynwuuil
5anancau daxa uyypcnuil xyaa Iazacqss.
_36. ffapaax unspxuilnnuha awuenax E cedeudn aewneb,e
modopxoiln.
to provide fuil-time and part-time education; to confer dipromas;
to take courses; to become a tradition; to take examinations; to
interview the students; an intensive tutorial system; to train
"ngin"er;;a three-term system
37. Csdee E-ufrn aeyyn?bre auuenaH doopx saeaapaap
54

epunq, flpuau u mouuiionon*e auuena.
3aeeap: A.: Have you reaQ anything about
mining education in Great Britain?
B.: Yes, I have. I know that...
C.: I agree with you'but l'd like to add...
D.: I see. Let me say about...
38. Csdse 6-sec 6ypendsryyud ut mycnax yiln ye rcMyy
modesepuilu dyilt4 ur opdoe eeyyneryyHuile on.
39. ffaaneaepue dapaax saeeapaap xuil.
3aeeap: Say how many subjects you had to take at the entrance
examinations. -+ I had to take four subjects.
Say 1) what subjects you had to take at your entrance
examinations; 2) what subjects you are to study in your first year; 3)
what specializations your institute offers; 4)what subjects the students
must study if they take a course of underground technology; 5) what
subjects you study regardless of your specialization.
40.,Qapaax cedeuile yHuruK, myynuile eapquena. Oeyyn1ep
6y ps e c (o eyyn e edexyy H -o eyyn exyy n u fr e) on.
ln Russia great attention is paid to engineering education. Much
depends on today's students. They will be tomorrow's engineers,
geologists, designers, economists, etc. They will have to cope with
the tasks which the country will set before them. Today a student is to
get a much greater amount of new information and this amount is
growing all th&itime. Future specialists must acquire professional
knowledge and skills and get modern methods of scientific research,
advanced production technology, its organization and management.
Engineers of a new type cannot be trained apart from modern
production, science and technology.
They are to take an active part in accelerating scientific and
bchnological progress.
41. Cedee B-e mona 6uque a,uuenaneyil yxut. fyyrul
ewnebe MoHeofloop moeq zpb.
cSAeB B
ln the USA the basic aim of technical higher education rs the

training of qualified specialists in a selected field of technologY. I
ln the field of technical education they have a three-Part I
programme: I
1) The University programme for engineers and scientists' 2) {
The technical institute programme for engineering technicians. 3) The
I
vocationaltrade programme. I
The students can get mining education at special colleges and I
at mining departments of universities. For example, one of the oldest I
mining schools in the USA is the Colorado School of Mines' Early I
minini operations in the Territory of Colorado emphasized the need I
for a college to train mining engineers. I
The Colorado School of Mines is situated in the mineral-producing I
area of the Rocky Mountains. The area is rich in non-ferrous metals I
such as molybdenum, vanadium, zinc and other deposits' Besides' ]
colorado has processing (dressing)-plants, potroleum refineries and I
steel plants. Many coal mines are in operation throughout the area. I
ine tietO of study includes earth sciences (geology, geochemistry, I
geophysics and otheis) and engineering. The students may specialize I
in pehology, mineral deposits, mining engineering and other disciplines.
' Field work is an important part of training. All students take part
in a summer field course during their undergraduate programme'
Geology laboratories are available within the Department of Geology ,
for study and research.
The mining engineering students study the basic sciences,
principles and technologies of mineral exploration, underground and
surface operations, rock mechanics, mine ventilation, surveying, mine
safety and operating research; The Department operates the
expeiimental mine; lt is a large and well-equipped laboratory for
teaching and research in mining operations.
The education is fee-paying. The School co.llects fees at the
beginning of each semester. semester fees include fees for health
servic", ithletics, student centre and others. A student will not be
allowed to take final examinations or be graduated if he (or she) has
debts (doneu) to the college.
, During their course of training the students may visit surface and
underground mines, oilfields, dressing plants and regions of geological
interest.
A study of current curricula shows that the average American
engineer receives only 10% of geology and 25o/o of mining in his (or
hei) undergraduate education in. mining. As a rule, mining engineering
56

programmes include: Liberar arts - 2o%; Basic scienc es - 2so/o; Generar
engineering - 20%; Geology - jo/oi Mining - 25%.
42. a) Cedee B-urtn doeon uepmeil aeyyn6ep 6ypuiln
yxdcsn caHaae Hea rcMyy xo6p eeyyn*epeap unspxuiln.
"
6) Cedee B-uiln doeon uepmeil eeyyn*epesc AHy daxa
*tsd 6-onoecpon*H cucmeuuilu eeopneLl, on4nozu[tu myxafi
sptx 6yil mepuile on.
43. ffoopx eypeaH eapqueHH anb Hb Cedee B-uilu
eyynnaaad soxuqox( 6yie modopxoiln.
1. Education in the USA.
2. Higher Education in the USA.
3. Technical Higher Education in the USA.
M. Cedse B-d i0 myceail, i saaenax acyyflm zapza.
x3ngflqYYfl3r
Csdae "Mining Schools,,-u ile yxutux myynd xoudcox
*1ydn ue xon en qsxoe p 6an d.
Cedauile oilneoxod xepsameil yec:
b abandom mameanaax,
qxux
T9-qtt":r"y [a'kauntansi] _,,,r@.eu0H axun
mo--"Yf:ieex(sePeude)
in _experience Jiks,piariansl
- -mypwnaeamail6onoxb hqld a higher reqard _ unw
et+oep $maedenmsd 6ailx "
drrity [ma'tjuariti]
- uac 6ue
ilu113l xe*Kux, menxux
il - 6anxyyna* ga1pux
;E uilment [ri'kru:tmant] _xfiYln1nm, qyenyyrca
reward
- waeHan
staff an1au xaaequd,
axunaecad
st99k brocklng fionduuaxunfiaeaa
sup_ervisor ['sju:pavaizal _
, xf,HaH wan?aeq, xfHaeg
to_tend
-
,auenen, xaudnaeamai
6aix
trajnee [trei'ni:]
- dadnaeaxueLt,
oadnaea xu1e'.4
to waste
- ypex
wealth lel- 6annae
57

Mining Schools
As is known young people who are in their last year at school are
planning the next stage in their education. The variety of courses at
universities and colleges is extensive but many young people don't
have any clear idea about the career they wish to follow. Those who
are primarily motivated by wealth tend to choose law, business.
administration, economics or accountancy. Those interested in fame
may choose the arts, the stage, or the media.
Except perhaps in the countries with successful manufacturing
industries such as Germany and Japan, where engineers tend to be
held in higher regard, a career in engineering is not often recommended
with any enthusiasm by schoolteachers, politicians, TV, newspapers
or teenage magazines. Those influencing young people tend to be
pop singers, TV actors and sports stars.
It is no wonder, therefore, that many engineering degree courses
find it difficult to attract students, with the result that young graduate
engineers in many fields are in short supply worldwidq Courses in
mineral resource engineering
- mining geology, rock mechanics,
mining, quarrying, mineral processing, and petroleum engineering have
special difficulties in recruitment.
However, this is only part of the story. After graduation and the
award of a degree, there is a strong wish to abandon the subject matter
of the course and enter a career offering mgre reward: commercg,
banking, accountancy or stock brooking. This causes disappointment
to the academy staff who wasted all their efforts to give useful practical
knowledge to the students. There is one more barrier to recruitment
into the mining industry where management trainees should spend
several years of practicaltraining underground pr in the mill. Modern
mining and processing machinery, computer controlled and high in
output capacity, cannot and should not be operated by young
management trainees: nowadays operators are often highly skilled
and from their ranks should come the line supervisors. Management
trainees, after a brief period to acquire general knowledge about the
operation, would be better trained by acting as assistants to managers
and consulting engineers, and gain experience in planning surveying
and ventilation departments, all areas where knowledge learned at a
mining school can be utilized to good advantage.
It should be noted that there are mineral engineering courses
which must provide a wide and general tuition, covering not only mineral
58

extraction and processing methods but arso economics, business
administration, computer studies, communication ski[s and basic civil
and mechanical engineering which are vitar for important career
developmgnt to senior ranks.
3eeweopex rcMyy ec seeuroepoxuile unepxuilndse
xennszuile qeilKufi. Tedesep Hb xonulynoe seyynaxad xspse
6onuo.
strgng Neutral
rm tn complete agreement
I quite agree.
I couldn't agree more.
Yes, definitely.
Exactly.
Preciselv
I agree.
You're right there.
I think you're right.
Yes, and...
That's true.
That's right.
Neutral
I dtsagree completely.
That's out of the question.
On the contrary.
Of course not.
That's ridiculous! (Vrraryil)
I don't agree.
That's not how I see it
I wouldn't say that.
I think you are wrong.
I disagree.
ffapaax acyynmaHd xapuynx dssd 1onoecponatu
tcyydnaap caHan 6odnoo xen-. flesp y3yynceH epuaHbt
wyu6onntle- atauena.
1. ls it easy to decide what career to choose in
sr:rool? What helps make your choice?
2. There are different kinds of higher schoors in our country and
m'oad. What kinds of schools do young people prefer to stua'y lnt
ft*y?
3. lt goes without saying that our higher school system could be
mrr3anized. How do you think it can be done? (To have f,igt,ty
"Or";t"amrc trained teachers' staff; to provide wide and g"n"rur tutition,
m,xnics, business, administration, computer studies, communication
u, s to supply coileges and universiiies with *oo"rn i""r."i""r
@lonnent; to choose subjects to one,s interests, abilities; to get more
the last year at
59: -.

practical work; to carry out reseArch, etc.)
of the world. Is it popurar in Russia? what appears to you in tris systemr
5. The status of
.engineers in society is not high, is itZ Wf,ie
what's your view on the state of education for the riineral inauifi
engineers?
6. Highly educated people do much for their country, don,t they? ;
what helps (to) make a person educated? why do ylu thint ii'i

UNIT 5
Outstanding Russian Scientists in Geologt and Mining
A. flypsu
1. YprsnxnncsH qar (Continuous Tenses)
2, Yfrngsrgsx xea (The Passive Voice)
Cedse A. A.M. Terpigorev (1873-1959)
B. fiypsu
Csdee E.
Toonu yr
A.P. Karpinsky (1 847-1936)
B. Csdse 8.
6aaa xypan. Yyn yypxailu yi)nc dsx uspm spdsumsd
Taaeap (Crossword)
A
lYPeM
1. YpesnxuncsH Llae (Continuous lenses/
Present, Past, Future Continuous-uilu epeuxud mouaonon
doopx 1aildanmait 6ad ua.
to be * ing - ymaam yin yeurtn xsn1sp
3oxux (odoo qaeuilu yilnm nsp)
qae daxa
Seexeu yiln ye to be. doopx 1aildnaap nneaedax 6yile auxaap.
(Present - am, is, are; Past - was, were; Future - shall/willftt be) xapun
yudceu yiln ye nt eepuneeddeeeyil. ens fiyneuilu qae Hb dyycaaeyil
yinden nmyy odoo, upssdyil, eleopcel 4ae daxt modopxoil yed
Wanxunr 6yil netqae unspxuilnue.
oAoo YPTeflxilItx Eyt/ uAr
(THE PRESENT CONTTNUOUS TENSE)
am
is + ing - xsn1sp (odoo aeuiln yilnm nsp)
are
6'l

Present Continuous_ue doopx dyycaaeyd yilndnude
uns pxu ilns xsd xspsensus:
a) apua 6onax yed 6onx 6yil nuyy
, 6) apua 6onox yed 6uw q eoceH odoo qaem rcmyy
e) onoumaa daemaeddae yrtndnuile msudsensxsd atways-meil ,
xavm :
a) What are the student Orcymuyyd toy 6uuux 1ailua es? l
I
writing? i
Are they^translating Tsd csdeuile opqyynx 6adna yy? i
a text? ---"- "' I
Yes, they are. Tudu I
(No, they are noUaren,t. (yeyil i
Iii,,,*i+Xli,'i # ""'' [::S:::tr;;Xtr"!utux
*ailHd
I
interesting novel now. poMaH yHwoK *ailna. I
e) He,s arways studyins. ,,1"1!iil,!lli!!rl33r?4
|
Ous 4ae Hb epuaHbt xsnsud ux myeoeMon fuaddae Oa supuuaaulupssdyild menaeneceH qaeuile metudsenexs
."
I
t'm leaving next Sunday. 6u dapaauuilu usud neua. I
oHrePceH YPrsnxHflCsH qAr I(rHE PASr coNINUous TENSE) |
:wr
tl
?y::w:tTitr"i:i,;i;;::';?::;:"t:;!:tr:i:r::_,E;lyilndnurte unspxuiinexsd xspsenaue.
' '-- rrvv"'11u"'t' vt
I
1us ye ua dapx xsn6apssp unepxuilnsadsne. I1) qaauile napuilu saacal: at five o,clock, yesterday, at thatltime,
!!e^w!r2te !ay, att day tong espse xsnOipsep " -- -"4
fiff'?,:.lr*l
were -rea
a'au'i-iialu w'' I
,oruil"fi"uilx
eneepcex qae daxt yiln yeesp unepxuilncs, 6y""dl
we arrived late' and they
62
luduuile opoa upexsd
I
was -'l
*"r" J + ing _ xenCep (odoo uaeuiln yilnm nep)

were already sleeping. med x$3oHuil ynmcau 6arte
Past Continuous-btH qaeuile msudseneneydessp epuex 6yil
yilndnuile modopxoilnuo.
It was getting darker. Xapauxyil 6onoe.
ilPe3flYtzH YPTSIXilnCsH UAr
(THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE)
2us qae ua upsedyild ypesnxuncsn yindnude msmdsensns.
Yindnuilu qaeudz 3aacaH 6ailx 6onno, mszsxdse 9H9 Hb saaean 6uw
toM. l
shall/will/'ll be + ing - xsn1sp
Next week we'll be revising 1ud dapaauuttu donoo
for our exam. xoHoem utaneanmaHd 6sndsus.
He won't be helping us. Ted 1udsud mycnaxeyd
Yin ye feel, hear, see ("xypesx" esdsa ymeaac eadua), look,
*em, like, love, want, believe, know 6onon 6ycad sapuut ydn ye
tr Continuous-aw xsndspeyi 1ailna.
2. Yilndsedox xe6 (The Passive Voice)
Yilndsedsx xse ru eeyyn1spudu eeyynsxyvHoop msudsenseddse
fite rcuyy toMHe 3aax yilndnuilz Hb oepmee usdpsx nuyy yilndnu(tu
fruexm 6ondoe. Tsesxdss eepoe ye yilndfluie eyilqsmesxeyi.
iKuwos ua Hou 6yp caaxan 1uquedxss. Eailwuu oHbt otlcoop
fupuedaua esx usm)
Euduui ypd yscsu udsexmeil xseuilu 6yx u,ae ua yilndsedsx
muilu aoxux xsn1spmsil 5ailna.
1. The play was written Xyxeuile 4exoe 6uqxse.
by Chekhov.
2. The road is being repaired. 3auue sacq 6adua.
3. The car hasn't been washed. Mawuuae yaaacauayrt.
Aypficau xuwseud yiln yeuile doopx xsn1spssp unspxuilnxso:
1) Past lndefinite Passive-ssp,
2) Present Continuous Passive-ssp
3) Present Pedect Passlve)-sep
63

Yilndsedsx xsauiu myp xsn1sp Hb soxux qae daxr mycnax yiln
ye to be, ymeam yrtn yeuiln eHeepceH u,aeuilu yfinm uspuilu
mycnaMxmadeaap yycns.
be eneepceu qaeuilu (past participle) ydnm nsp
Yindsedsx xseuilu ydn yeuie xyeuneaxad 3eexeH to be uteepuneedex, u,aeuiln 6yx xsn1sp dsx ymeam yiln ya ut eueepc;eu
qaeuilu yinm uspuilu xen1spmsrt xspsensedsue.
1 constructed (buirt)
)
Ydndbedex xsa dsx yiln yeuile doopx xsnlspssp opuyynua. yynd:
1. Ydndsedsx xse dsx yiln yesep; yiln ye Oailx lOilcau, 6adx
6onuo), ydndsedex ydnm uspuilH moe.t xsn6sp:
The engineer was invited Eaea xypand ufiKeHep
to the conference. ypuedcan 6arte
2. 5yt1ax ydn yassp:
The mine will be recon- yypxail uuue,tnsedsx 6onno.
straeted.
3. Todopxoil 6yc_ 6ueuilu aayyn6spssp (optyynead
eeyynsedexyyH Hb opxuedox, eeyynsxyyH Hb yilndex ,"brii onon
mooHbt 3 daxa 6uesp unspxuilnsedsns.)
They were shown a new Tsdsnd WnbtH wuus xou*ailu
cutter-loader. Wyynxoo
.. Xspee eayyn6epm yilndnuilz xoH (totryy rcyeaap)
eyil4smescuuile saacau 6on_yemeap ya by, rcuyy with-msil i"riipye xsnxetlude x3p32neH3. Tsdesspuile yemeap yeeyil yilnoexuiu muin
nnean daxc mycaedaxyyu toMyy -aap, _eep opqyynHa.
The delegation of the miners yypxailu1ita meneenee,aduile
was met at the station by opmoeH desp xscse ooy^"i
*remne
{
is
was
will be
has been
had been
will have been
is being
was being

a group of students.
Underground mines and
opencasts are equipped with
new machines.
yem)K99.
fiand 6onou un yypxail nt
uuHS MaUUHaap
mouoenoedxgs
ceABlrrH eMHex gAcrAn
1. a) ffapaax yecuile dyyndaxytrtq yuw.
.,t+t - flat, 'manager, 'practical, me 'chanics, 'graduate,
iaprtal
,urft,tf;Lri
bed, 'bedded, 'measure, de'fend, 'pressure, 'deputy,
[:.] - all, score, a'ward, 'order, born
[r:]
-'even,
seam, de'gree,'teacher
[oJ
- hard, pass, class, draft, charqe
[u:]
- choose, soon, too, food
6) ffapaax yecurte yHwut( dyydnaeue Hb moemoo.
academician [a,kada'mif(a)n1, diploma [dip'louma],
aementary [,eli'mentari], senior ['si:nja], honour ['tna], deputy
-'depjutil
2. flapaax yec 6onon uuilnuen yeuile dompoo 1-2 ydaa yuw.
{ppaa na dyyndaryilq yH.aux moemooxbz xuqoe.
qhoose [tJu:z] (chose [tJouz],
chosen ['tJouzn]) v coHeox
chotce n coHeyynb
ccllect [ka'lekg] v qyenyynax,
Jyenyynea xuux
dangerous ['deind3aras] a
aayfimau
&posit [di'orzitl
opwdoc:' bbddeil
yem opd
&scribe tdis'kraibl y
modopxotjno*, dypcnsx;
des-cription [di'skripfan] n
noqopxodnonm; descriptive a
lTtooopxouncoH
Ec,]itl, ffa'siliri] n (pt tacitifies)
rcpeecen, OonowK, mouoenoi,
rcpsecen
fre damp ['faiadamp] n
n oqo'
depoSits
yypxailu xurl, uemau
harm [ho.m] n xop; v xop xypeex;
harm-ful a xopmod
relate [ri;leit]- v xaMaapax,
xaMaapanmau oaux
safety ['seifti] n-.arcyneyd
ax{unflaeaa; mlne satety yynbtH
axnbtH yeudu xedennieipuuu
anyneyd' 6aidan, anyieydu
apea; - satety measures
apyneylH apea xeMxoe; safe a
arcyneyil, uaildeapmaA
""t#, rl:xx,
i {3, tlY,i! trlll;i!{
mawyy yuanmmad ye,' inclined
seam Hanyy..ye; steep seam
Hanyy yel thick seani oeu,oM
ynanmmail ye; thin seam
HUMaSH Ye
65

state [steit] n 1aildan, mep,
^!pK success [sak,ses] n aMx{unm,yn1i o ync*H; v
^..uedeedix, 6yni"ni--'i6--,^" fit#"=YHdocnox, main,apnax
ZWym;:t-,;";;;f; ,
to defend graduation paper (thesis) _ dunnoMatu a)Knaa
(d u ccep m a qaa) xa ueaanax
to pass an entrance examination - sncsnmulu uaneanm eeex
to get a higher education - dssd 1onoecpon onox
to do one's best (one,s utmost, all one can, everything in
one's power) - 1ononqoomoi 1yxnude xuix, xyues xailpianeyi
to make contribution (to) _ xyeb HsMop opyynax (wunxnsx
yxaaH, mexHuK sspTem)
!. a) ffaeaeap ful,Iess-uia mycnaM)Kmail yyccstt doopx
memdee yeuile op.twfl.
useful, successful, powerful, harmful; useless, powerless,
harmless, sleepless
-
6) flneacan Hop'yeHeoc yycc"H meudsa yesep xoocon taile6eeno
1. Power stations are equipped with ...machines.
2 AM Terpigorev,s investigations in mine safety were a
success. He worked out a series of safety measures in gassy coilieries.
His... research greafly improved the woiting conditions in mines.
3. The extensive use of scientific and teihnorogicarachievements
makes it possibre to deverop a[ branches of produciion. The scientisis
arc working out new methods of mining... minerals.
4' Fire damp does much harm to the hearttr of miners. rt is the
most ... of all the gases in the mine air.
4. flapaax nuilnMsn yecude yHwur( opqwn.
entrance examinations training of specialists
graduation paper coalseam
' .-
coal deposits
mine surveying
mine safety
description of diagrams
acomplete description
of the quarry
flat-seam mining
thin-seam mining
assistant manager
exploitation of deposits
bedded deposits
transport facilities
two-volume textboo-ks
thick-seam mining i,'
steep-seam mining
66

Geologch uurhaichnii angli hel

Geologch uurhaichnii angli hel

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