The Philippines is an archipelago of over 7,000 islands located in Southeast Asia. It stretches over 1,000 miles from north to south and has a land area of around 114,839 square miles. The terrain is mostly mountainous, with many active and dormant volcanoes like Mount Apo, Mount Mayon, and Taal Volcano. The country also has extensive river systems like the long Cagayan River. There are several scientific theories for how the Philippines originated, such as continental drift, land bridges, and that it was once part of a much larger continent.