This document discusses water use issues associated with unconventional natural gas development and how stakeholders in northern Louisiana addressed these issues for the Haynesville Shale Play. Early monitoring showed the local aquifer could not support increased water use, so officials, universities, and gas companies collaborated on solutions. They identified alternative water sources like surface water to allow continued development while protecting water resources. This transdisciplinary approach provides a model for responsibly developing energy resources while ensuring adequate water supplies.
Compressed Air Energy Storage Desalination Gulf of Mexico Texas Jeffrey Pickett
This document proposes a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and desalination project in Texas that would:
1) Use underground salt domes to provide CAES, creating a renewable energy source for desalinating water from the Gulf of Mexico to provide a long-term, economical water supply for Texas.
2) The CAES would be one of the most economical storage devices, reducing costs and reliance on fossil fuels or intermittent renewable energy.
3) A desalination plant near the Gulf Coast and power lines could provide water through pipelines to major cities while recharging aquifers and having minimal environmental impact.
This document outlines a studio project for designing a park in Toledo, Ohio using dredged material from the Maumee River and Bay. The project studied current dredged material management practices and issues in Toledo's harbor. Students developed designs for Edison Park that incorporated large amounts of dredged material to create landforms and landscapes while providing new recreational opportunities and enhancing the environmental health of Lake Erie.
The North Coast Design Competition is soliciting proposals to reimagine five sites along the Toledo, Ohio riverfront totaling over 170 acres that are either undergoing construction for stormwater infrastructure or were former dredge storage facilities. Entrants are asked to consider how to incorporate dredged sediment from maintenance of shipping channels in a way that enhances public spaces and embraces realities of dredging operations. The competition seeks to transform the riverfront and find new uses for dredged materials that minimize open lake disposal and address stormwater management needs in the city. A required element is a dredge research site to study uses of dredged sediments. Winning entries will receive prize money and help guide redevelopment of the important riverfront lands.
Water resources planning: Stages in water resources planning, data collection and processing, estimation of future water demands, preliminary planning, institutional set-up, public involvement, formulation and screening of alternatives, models for water resources planning, sensitivity analysis, Environmental and social considerations: Water in environment, environmental impact of water resources projects, environmental impact of reservoirs, environmental problems in command areas.
Water Resources in Urban Setting: The Case of the City of JeddahAmro Elfeki
Presentation at the workshop on Soil, Water and Coastal Resources, 16-17 Oct., 2008, organized by KUAST (King Abdullal University of Science and Technology), held at Jeddah Hilton, Jeddah, KSA
Sustainable Water Security at a time of Climate Change: India's 12th Five Yea...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses India's water crisis and proposes solutions for the 12th Five Year Plan. It notes that business as usual will not work given groundwater depletion, poor irrigation infrastructure and management, and inadequate wastewater treatment. It recommends reforms like completing existing irrigation projects before starting new ones, rational water pricing, expanding watershed management programs, comprehensive groundwater mapping, river basin planning, new water laws, and reforms for urban water systems. The overall goal is to move beyond denial and establish sustainable water security through holistic and participatory management of surface and groundwater resources.
A Novel Technology for Fracking Wastewater TreatmentGwen Jordaan
MGP Biotechnologies is a company focused on developing a water remediation technology that selectively removes heavy metal from water. We are currently exploring applications of the technology to the fracking industry. In particular, we believe our technology can be used to remove heavy metal from the flowback water. Our technology is a highly efficient, cost effective and sustainable approach to solving the problem of toxic heavy metal contamination.
The document provides an overview of findings from a climate risk and vulnerability assessment for the Nam Ngiep 1 hydropower project in Laos. It identifies the most significant climate change impacts as an increased potential for energy production but also a dramatic rise in spillway usage accelerating wear. Moderate impacts include reduced reservoir storage and water quality issues. Monitoring critical thresholds and preventative catchment measures are recommended, along with studies on adaptation opportunities.
Compressed Air Energy Storage Desalination Gulf of Mexico Texas Jeffrey Pickett
This document proposes a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) and desalination project in Texas that would:
1) Use underground salt domes to provide CAES, creating a renewable energy source for desalinating water from the Gulf of Mexico to provide a long-term, economical water supply for Texas.
2) The CAES would be one of the most economical storage devices, reducing costs and reliance on fossil fuels or intermittent renewable energy.
3) A desalination plant near the Gulf Coast and power lines could provide water through pipelines to major cities while recharging aquifers and having minimal environmental impact.
This document outlines a studio project for designing a park in Toledo, Ohio using dredged material from the Maumee River and Bay. The project studied current dredged material management practices and issues in Toledo's harbor. Students developed designs for Edison Park that incorporated large amounts of dredged material to create landforms and landscapes while providing new recreational opportunities and enhancing the environmental health of Lake Erie.
The North Coast Design Competition is soliciting proposals to reimagine five sites along the Toledo, Ohio riverfront totaling over 170 acres that are either undergoing construction for stormwater infrastructure or were former dredge storage facilities. Entrants are asked to consider how to incorporate dredged sediment from maintenance of shipping channels in a way that enhances public spaces and embraces realities of dredging operations. The competition seeks to transform the riverfront and find new uses for dredged materials that minimize open lake disposal and address stormwater management needs in the city. A required element is a dredge research site to study uses of dredged sediments. Winning entries will receive prize money and help guide redevelopment of the important riverfront lands.
Water resources planning: Stages in water resources planning, data collection and processing, estimation of future water demands, preliminary planning, institutional set-up, public involvement, formulation and screening of alternatives, models for water resources planning, sensitivity analysis, Environmental and social considerations: Water in environment, environmental impact of water resources projects, environmental impact of reservoirs, environmental problems in command areas.
Water Resources in Urban Setting: The Case of the City of JeddahAmro Elfeki
Presentation at the workshop on Soil, Water and Coastal Resources, 16-17 Oct., 2008, organized by KUAST (King Abdullal University of Science and Technology), held at Jeddah Hilton, Jeddah, KSA
Sustainable Water Security at a time of Climate Change: India's 12th Five Yea...Global Water Partnership
This document discusses India's water crisis and proposes solutions for the 12th Five Year Plan. It notes that business as usual will not work given groundwater depletion, poor irrigation infrastructure and management, and inadequate wastewater treatment. It recommends reforms like completing existing irrigation projects before starting new ones, rational water pricing, expanding watershed management programs, comprehensive groundwater mapping, river basin planning, new water laws, and reforms for urban water systems. The overall goal is to move beyond denial and establish sustainable water security through holistic and participatory management of surface and groundwater resources.
A Novel Technology for Fracking Wastewater TreatmentGwen Jordaan
MGP Biotechnologies is a company focused on developing a water remediation technology that selectively removes heavy metal from water. We are currently exploring applications of the technology to the fracking industry. In particular, we believe our technology can be used to remove heavy metal from the flowback water. Our technology is a highly efficient, cost effective and sustainable approach to solving the problem of toxic heavy metal contamination.
The document provides an overview of findings from a climate risk and vulnerability assessment for the Nam Ngiep 1 hydropower project in Laos. It identifies the most significant climate change impacts as an increased potential for energy production but also a dramatic rise in spillway usage accelerating wear. Moderate impacts include reduced reservoir storage and water quality issues. Monitoring critical thresholds and preventative catchment measures are recommended, along with studies on adaptation opportunities.
The document discusses California's efforts to regulate stormwater runoff from new construction projects using a watershed management approach. It acknowledges the challenges of population growth putting pressure on water resources. Low impact development techniques are promoted to mimic natural hydrologic processes and protect water quality. However, over-engineered solutions risk overlooking soils and overall watershed health. The regulatory framework is continuing to evolve from a focus on runoff volume to consideration of additional hydrologic factors and outcomes related to beneficial uses.
Rockland County faces increasing water demand that exceeds its sustainable supply. United Water NY proposes a desalination plant on the Hudson River in Haverstraw to produce 1.5 million gallons per day initially. Desalination is expensive and energy intensive, and the plant's waste may increase river contamination. Alternative options like developing other sources or implementing further conservation measures deserve further consideration given the plant's high costs and environmental impacts. Local governments and citizen groups have opposed the plant due to these concerns.
This document discusses hydraulic fracturing and proposes potential economic solutions to address its environmental and social costs. It summarizes that while hydraulic fracturing is touted as an economic necessity, it poses risks to groundwater and emissions. It lacks oversight and does not account for all costs. The document proposes repealing the 2005 law exempting fracking from Clean Water Act oversight, implementing performance standards to limit water impacts, and requiring performance bonds to cover cleanup costs from spills. Passing the proposed 2012 FRAC Act could bring fracking under a single federal authority to oversee risks.
Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, November 4, 2014.
The flows of India’s rivers are increasingly being modified by dams and weirs and abstractions for agriculture and urban use. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing total flow and affecting its variability and seasonality. An Environmental Flow (EF) is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits. Environmental Flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. This presentation looks at how the EF approach has been tested in India and describes a project to apply EF methodology to the upper Ganga.
The document summarizes a project focused on addressing key water and food challenges in the Yellow River Basin in China. The project involves 6 work packages to study water poverty, availability, productivity, and institutions in the basin to identify high-priority interventions. Challenges include data limitations, negotiating water allocations between provinces, and balancing demands between sectors. The goal is to increase water and food security while maintaining environmental sustainability.
3.4 northern everglades payment for environmental services a public private p...ascemiami-dade
This document summarizes a public-private partnership called the Northern Everglades Payment for Environmental Services program. The program pays farmers to temporarily store and clean excess surface water running off their lands in South Florida. It describes a pilot project called the Nicodemus Slough Pilot Project that is designed to store water and enhance wetlands on over 15,000 acres of land in Glades County, Florida. The project involves building berms and canals to divert water from Lake Okeechobee onto the land to restore more natural sheet flow and water treatment processes. It is a sustainable partnership between public agencies, private landowners, and researchers that provides environmental and economic benefits.
Large scale river restoration programs require bringing science into both planning and implementation. Two successful projects, the Kissimmee River Restoration and Healthy Waterways Initiative in Australia, established rigorous monitoring programs to evaluate outcomes. The California Delta faces challenges of balancing water exports and habitat restoration, requiring an adaptive approach incorporating the best available science. Institutional challenges to large river restoration include uncertainty, the transition from planning to action, effective communication, and integrating synthesized data.
Three presentations from Session 34 of the Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy, co-hosted by IWRP, the GIZ-MRC Network for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong countries, the Natural Heritage Institute and Deltares. The Mekong region is undergoing significant change in water resources development for multiple purposes, including hydropower, agriculture, fisheries production and navigation. This also requires the management of the river and its life- and livelihood-giving ecosystems for long term sustainability. Without coordinated development and effective river basin management, the Mekong Basin is exposed to many risks to water resources and associated ecosystems, including floods and drought, deterioration of water quality, reduction of sedimentation loads and extinction of many aquatic species. This session provided an opportunity to recognize these challenges in river basin management and identify development and management needs to tackle these issues.
Environmental Flows in the Indian Context - Challenges and Potential Latha Anantha
This document discusses environmental flows in Indian rivers and the challenges associated with their implementation. It notes that 9 of the 30 most biodiverse river basins globally are located in India due to extensive development. Dams have fragmented rivers and arrested flows, with some rivers like the Periyar having flows completely diverted. Maintaining environmental flows that consider the river's ecological needs as well as human needs is an ongoing challenge due to lack of understanding, data, and prioritization of development over environmental protection. The document calls for improving legal frameworks, objective setting, community involvement, and adaptive management to better protect rivers in India through environmental flows.
This document provides a summary of the third edition of the Bureau of Reclamation's manual on the design of small dams. It discusses the Bureau's role in water resource development and conservation in the western United States. It also outlines revisions that have been made to this third edition, including updates to terminology, standards, and procedures to reflect current practices. New chapters have been added on ecological and environmental considerations, dam safety, and operation and maintenance.
The document summarizes the unprecedented scale of ongoing sediment clean-ups through the Superfund program in the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary. It notes that proposed remedies for 6 contaminated sediment sites will remove over 5 million cubic yards of sediment through dredging. Managing these sites separately under Superfund is inefficient and costly. The document argues that a regional sediment management framework should be adopted to better coordinate remediation, reduce impacts, and promote beneficial reuse of sediments. Integrating Superfund sites into an existing regional sediment management plan could enhance socioeconomic benefits while providing more sustainable outcomes through innovative technologies and green remediation approaches.
The document summarizes the unprecedented scale of ongoing sediment clean-ups through the Superfund program in the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary. It notes that proposed remedies for 6 contaminated sediment sites will remove over 5 million cubic yards of sediment through dredging. Managing these sites separately under Superfund is inefficient and costly. The document argues that a regional sediment management framework should be adopted to better coordinate remediation, reduce impacts, and promote beneficial reuse of sediments. Integrating Superfund sites into an existing regional sediment management plan could enhance socioeconomic benefits while providing more sustainable outcomes through innovative technologies and green remediation approaches.
Flood and drought mitigation - Matt MachielseYourAlberta
Matt, Assistant Deputy Minister with Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development presented at Alberta’s Watershed Management Symposium: Flood and Drought Mitigation. He explained key findings from the Government of Alberta’s flood mitigation engineering studies are presented, along with next steps for major flood mitigation projects.
Watershed management along the Colorado River - Michael GabaldonYourAlberta
Michael is an Associate Vice-President with AECOM and a presenter at Alberta’s Watershed Management Symposium: Flood and Drought Mitigation. Using the Colorado River and recent flood events in the State of Colorado as backdrops, Michael talked about bringing diverse stakeholders together to create an effective total watershed management plan.
Linking Groundwater Flow and Transport Models, GIS Technology, Satellite Imag...Amro Elfeki
The document describes a methodology for linking groundwater flow and transport models with GIS technology, satellite images, and uncertainty quantification to predict the fate of sewage released from Buraiman Lake in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The methodology integrates flow and transport models, satellite images, GIS, and a Monte Carlo method for uncertainty quantification to provide a risk map for decision making. Sewage from the lake containing various contaminants is discharged into the local aquifer. Travel time models are developed and random walk methods are used to simulate contaminant transport in the aquifer and provide predictions under uncertain parameters.
Addressing Hydrology at the Watershed Scale: A Novel Approach to Stormwater M...TWCA
1. The document discusses how humans have altered urban hydrology through increased impervious cover and proposes distributed small-scale stormwater controls as a solution.
2. Modeling showed that distributed controls like rain cisterns and rain gardens, even at low adoption rates, could meaningfully improve hydrologic metrics and provide water supply benefits by reducing runoff.
3. Implementing distributed stormwater controls across different land uses has the potential to shift urban hydrology in a way that approximates reducing effective impervious cover by 25%.
This document discusses environmental flows in Texas. It provides a historical overview and outlines the paradigm shift that occurred with the passage of Senate Bill 1 in 1997, Senate Bill 2 in 2001, and Senate Bill 3 in 2007. These bills required the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to adopt rules related to environmental flows and establish standards and procedures. The document then summarizes key aspects of the administrative code related to environmental flows, components of instream and estuarine freshwater inflow regimes, required work plans, funding and priority projects from 2014-2015 and 2016-2017, and implementation requirements regarding permit adjustments.
The Mekong Region Futures Institute introduced the concept of Challenge and Reconstruct Learning (ChaRL), the use of this in cross sectoral negotiations in the Mekong delta, and lessons learned.
This document summarizes a presentation about developing a nutrient source reduction project for Puget Sound. It discusses using a Salish Sea water quality model to evaluate nutrient reduction scenarios and set targets. It outlines engaging stakeholders through a Nutrient Forum and developing an implementation strategy to identify key actions and monitoring to meet water quality standards and protection goals by 2040. Bounding scenarios using the model evaluated the relative impacts of marine and watershed sources and potential reductions from wastewater treatment plants. Permitting options and rulemaking will be discussed further. The overall goals are to reduce human-caused nutrients affecting dissolved oxygen levels in Puget Sound.
Klingbeil, R., Gröschke, M., 2019. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Coastal Aquifers, in Brackish and Saline Groundwater. Presentation at the WSTA 13th Gulf Water Conference, Kuwait, 12-14 Mar 2019.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the government of Laos signed an agreement to implement a $38.8 million project to reduce extreme poverty and malnutrition among 34,000 households in northern Laos. The project will ensure improved health and lives for people in 400 villages through activities like empowering women to improve family diets, developing farmer organizations, and linking small farmers to markets. The project is funded through grants from various organizations including the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program.
Este documento presenta la información del Equipo #9 de la Escuela Preparatoria Estatal N°8 para el segundo semestre del bloque 1 de enero a febrero. El equipo está formado por 5 estudiantes de informática y su profesora María del Rosario Raygoza Velázquez. Cada estudiante es nombrado junto con el enlace a su portafolio de evidencias en blogspot.
The document discusses California's efforts to regulate stormwater runoff from new construction projects using a watershed management approach. It acknowledges the challenges of population growth putting pressure on water resources. Low impact development techniques are promoted to mimic natural hydrologic processes and protect water quality. However, over-engineered solutions risk overlooking soils and overall watershed health. The regulatory framework is continuing to evolve from a focus on runoff volume to consideration of additional hydrologic factors and outcomes related to beneficial uses.
Rockland County faces increasing water demand that exceeds its sustainable supply. United Water NY proposes a desalination plant on the Hudson River in Haverstraw to produce 1.5 million gallons per day initially. Desalination is expensive and energy intensive, and the plant's waste may increase river contamination. Alternative options like developing other sources or implementing further conservation measures deserve further consideration given the plant's high costs and environmental impacts. Local governments and citizen groups have opposed the plant due to these concerns.
This document discusses hydraulic fracturing and proposes potential economic solutions to address its environmental and social costs. It summarizes that while hydraulic fracturing is touted as an economic necessity, it poses risks to groundwater and emissions. It lacks oversight and does not account for all costs. The document proposes repealing the 2005 law exempting fracking from Clean Water Act oversight, implementing performance standards to limit water impacts, and requiring performance bonds to cover cleanup costs from spills. Passing the proposed 2012 FRAC Act could bring fracking under a single federal authority to oversee risks.
Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, November 4, 2014.
The flows of India’s rivers are increasingly being modified by dams and weirs and abstractions for agriculture and urban use. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing total flow and affecting its variability and seasonality. An Environmental Flow (EF) is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits. Environmental Flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. This presentation looks at how the EF approach has been tested in India and describes a project to apply EF methodology to the upper Ganga.
The document summarizes a project focused on addressing key water and food challenges in the Yellow River Basin in China. The project involves 6 work packages to study water poverty, availability, productivity, and institutions in the basin to identify high-priority interventions. Challenges include data limitations, negotiating water allocations between provinces, and balancing demands between sectors. The goal is to increase water and food security while maintaining environmental sustainability.
3.4 northern everglades payment for environmental services a public private p...ascemiami-dade
This document summarizes a public-private partnership called the Northern Everglades Payment for Environmental Services program. The program pays farmers to temporarily store and clean excess surface water running off their lands in South Florida. It describes a pilot project called the Nicodemus Slough Pilot Project that is designed to store water and enhance wetlands on over 15,000 acres of land in Glades County, Florida. The project involves building berms and canals to divert water from Lake Okeechobee onto the land to restore more natural sheet flow and water treatment processes. It is a sustainable partnership between public agencies, private landowners, and researchers that provides environmental and economic benefits.
Large scale river restoration programs require bringing science into both planning and implementation. Two successful projects, the Kissimmee River Restoration and Healthy Waterways Initiative in Australia, established rigorous monitoring programs to evaluate outcomes. The California Delta faces challenges of balancing water exports and habitat restoration, requiring an adaptive approach incorporating the best available science. Institutional challenges to large river restoration include uncertainty, the transition from planning to action, effective communication, and integrating synthesized data.
Three presentations from Session 34 of the Greater Mekong Forum on Water, Food and Energy, co-hosted by IWRP, the GIZ-MRC Network for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong countries, the Natural Heritage Institute and Deltares. The Mekong region is undergoing significant change in water resources development for multiple purposes, including hydropower, agriculture, fisheries production and navigation. This also requires the management of the river and its life- and livelihood-giving ecosystems for long term sustainability. Without coordinated development and effective river basin management, the Mekong Basin is exposed to many risks to water resources and associated ecosystems, including floods and drought, deterioration of water quality, reduction of sedimentation loads and extinction of many aquatic species. This session provided an opportunity to recognize these challenges in river basin management and identify development and management needs to tackle these issues.
Environmental Flows in the Indian Context - Challenges and Potential Latha Anantha
This document discusses environmental flows in Indian rivers and the challenges associated with their implementation. It notes that 9 of the 30 most biodiverse river basins globally are located in India due to extensive development. Dams have fragmented rivers and arrested flows, with some rivers like the Periyar having flows completely diverted. Maintaining environmental flows that consider the river's ecological needs as well as human needs is an ongoing challenge due to lack of understanding, data, and prioritization of development over environmental protection. The document calls for improving legal frameworks, objective setting, community involvement, and adaptive management to better protect rivers in India through environmental flows.
This document provides a summary of the third edition of the Bureau of Reclamation's manual on the design of small dams. It discusses the Bureau's role in water resource development and conservation in the western United States. It also outlines revisions that have been made to this third edition, including updates to terminology, standards, and procedures to reflect current practices. New chapters have been added on ecological and environmental considerations, dam safety, and operation and maintenance.
The document summarizes the unprecedented scale of ongoing sediment clean-ups through the Superfund program in the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary. It notes that proposed remedies for 6 contaminated sediment sites will remove over 5 million cubic yards of sediment through dredging. Managing these sites separately under Superfund is inefficient and costly. The document argues that a regional sediment management framework should be adopted to better coordinate remediation, reduce impacts, and promote beneficial reuse of sediments. Integrating Superfund sites into an existing regional sediment management plan could enhance socioeconomic benefits while providing more sustainable outcomes through innovative technologies and green remediation approaches.
The document summarizes the unprecedented scale of ongoing sediment clean-ups through the Superfund program in the New York/New Jersey Harbor Estuary. It notes that proposed remedies for 6 contaminated sediment sites will remove over 5 million cubic yards of sediment through dredging. Managing these sites separately under Superfund is inefficient and costly. The document argues that a regional sediment management framework should be adopted to better coordinate remediation, reduce impacts, and promote beneficial reuse of sediments. Integrating Superfund sites into an existing regional sediment management plan could enhance socioeconomic benefits while providing more sustainable outcomes through innovative technologies and green remediation approaches.
Flood and drought mitigation - Matt MachielseYourAlberta
Matt, Assistant Deputy Minister with Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development presented at Alberta’s Watershed Management Symposium: Flood and Drought Mitigation. He explained key findings from the Government of Alberta’s flood mitigation engineering studies are presented, along with next steps for major flood mitigation projects.
Watershed management along the Colorado River - Michael GabaldonYourAlberta
Michael is an Associate Vice-President with AECOM and a presenter at Alberta’s Watershed Management Symposium: Flood and Drought Mitigation. Using the Colorado River and recent flood events in the State of Colorado as backdrops, Michael talked about bringing diverse stakeholders together to create an effective total watershed management plan.
Linking Groundwater Flow and Transport Models, GIS Technology, Satellite Imag...Amro Elfeki
The document describes a methodology for linking groundwater flow and transport models with GIS technology, satellite images, and uncertainty quantification to predict the fate of sewage released from Buraiman Lake in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The methodology integrates flow and transport models, satellite images, GIS, and a Monte Carlo method for uncertainty quantification to provide a risk map for decision making. Sewage from the lake containing various contaminants is discharged into the local aquifer. Travel time models are developed and random walk methods are used to simulate contaminant transport in the aquifer and provide predictions under uncertain parameters.
Addressing Hydrology at the Watershed Scale: A Novel Approach to Stormwater M...TWCA
1. The document discusses how humans have altered urban hydrology through increased impervious cover and proposes distributed small-scale stormwater controls as a solution.
2. Modeling showed that distributed controls like rain cisterns and rain gardens, even at low adoption rates, could meaningfully improve hydrologic metrics and provide water supply benefits by reducing runoff.
3. Implementing distributed stormwater controls across different land uses has the potential to shift urban hydrology in a way that approximates reducing effective impervious cover by 25%.
This document discusses environmental flows in Texas. It provides a historical overview and outlines the paradigm shift that occurred with the passage of Senate Bill 1 in 1997, Senate Bill 2 in 2001, and Senate Bill 3 in 2007. These bills required the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality to adopt rules related to environmental flows and establish standards and procedures. The document then summarizes key aspects of the administrative code related to environmental flows, components of instream and estuarine freshwater inflow regimes, required work plans, funding and priority projects from 2014-2015 and 2016-2017, and implementation requirements regarding permit adjustments.
The Mekong Region Futures Institute introduced the concept of Challenge and Reconstruct Learning (ChaRL), the use of this in cross sectoral negotiations in the Mekong delta, and lessons learned.
This document summarizes a presentation about developing a nutrient source reduction project for Puget Sound. It discusses using a Salish Sea water quality model to evaluate nutrient reduction scenarios and set targets. It outlines engaging stakeholders through a Nutrient Forum and developing an implementation strategy to identify key actions and monitoring to meet water quality standards and protection goals by 2040. Bounding scenarios using the model evaluated the relative impacts of marine and watershed sources and potential reductions from wastewater treatment plants. Permitting options and rulemaking will be discussed further. The overall goals are to reduce human-caused nutrients affecting dissolved oxygen levels in Puget Sound.
Klingbeil, R., Gröschke, M., 2019. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Coastal Aquifers, in Brackish and Saline Groundwater. Presentation at the WSTA 13th Gulf Water Conference, Kuwait, 12-14 Mar 2019.
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the government of Laos signed an agreement to implement a $38.8 million project to reduce extreme poverty and malnutrition among 34,000 households in northern Laos. The project will ensure improved health and lives for people in 400 villages through activities like empowering women to improve family diets, developing farmer organizations, and linking small farmers to markets. The project is funded through grants from various organizations including the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program.
Este documento presenta la información del Equipo #9 de la Escuela Preparatoria Estatal N°8 para el segundo semestre del bloque 1 de enero a febrero. El equipo está formado por 5 estudiantes de informática y su profesora María del Rosario Raygoza Velázquez. Cada estudiante es nombrado junto con el enlace a su portafolio de evidencias en blogspot.
Shiva Sood is a SAP functional consultant with over 7 years of experience working with SAP MM and WM modules. She has extensive experience with procurement, inventory management, master data management, and warehouse management processes. She is currently working as a consultant for Tata Consultancy Services on an SAP MM and WM support project for Johnson & Johnson in Asia Pacific. Prior project experience includes an SAP data consolidation implementation and SAP rollouts and enhancements for Pitney Bowes and Johnson & Johnson.
Courtney Hinton has done graphic design work for Metro TeenAIDS including creating 11 different flyers, posters, and bookmarks to promote various events and programs. The flyers were for different events and included an event flyer, program flyer, and announcement flyer.
MachMotion provides CNC control solutions and custom automation. It started in 2001 building custom lathe controls and now has 1500 controls and 5000 servo axes in the field. It offers standard CNC controls for mills, grinders, routers, lathes and tube benders as well as custom controls that can integrate 3D models, DXF files, I/O, cameras and more. Two case studies describe custom projects: one using DXF files to control a punch machine and another integrating with an engineering software's XML files to control a wood router.
QATestLab is an independent software testing company located in Kiev, Ukraine with over 100 employees that has been in business for 10 years. It has successfully completed over 400 projects for 70+ clients across 20 countries. The company prides itself on its team of testing experts and learning programs. It offers a variety of manual and automated testing services including functional, mobile, and performance testing.
The document discusses the Rwandan genocide and the international community's failure to intervene. It describes Hutu and Tutsi children being killed like insects and black Rwandans being abandoned and left to die while UN rescue missions only took out white people. The blood of the Rwandan people is on the hands of the international community for not helping, as the weapons of mass destruction were the violence against the Rwandan people that was allowed to continue without intervention.
The document discusses an audio producer's background and services. It outlines their experience including playing instruments from a young age, DJing for many years, and studying audio production. The producer offers various services such as vocal recording, audio mixing, instrumentals, and uses software like Logic Pro X, Ableton Live, and Pro Tools. They emphasize qualities like a strong work ethic, creativity, patience, and persistence. The goal is to produce enjoyable audio, work with a record label, and develop a unique sound. Contact information is provided at the end.
Lamont Patterson is the founder and CEO of World Movement Records, a record label focused on allowing artists to be true to themselves. Patterson has had a long career in music, starting out singing in church at age 5 and later joining R&B groups. He founded World Movement Records in 1990 to give artists more creative freedom. In addition to running his record label, Patterson has also had a successful acting career appearing in numerous television shows and films. He continues to sign new artists and develop his career in both music and television/film.
The resume outlines Angela Shortridge's experience as a transition specialist and data analyst with over 10 years of experience utilizing various database programs such as Oracle, SQL, and Access. She has a background in accounting and certifications in facilitation skills and emergency response training. The resume highlights her experience managing data and providing strategic support to military programs at Fleet and Family Support Services.
With interest in shale gas growing, the time is ripe
to understand its constraints. This report will be an
invaluable resource to businesses, policymakers,
and civil society in ensuring water for people and
the planet.
Last Updated October 31, 2011Hydrofracking Is hydraulic fractu.docxsmile790243
Last Updated: October 31, 2011
Hydrofracking: Is hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking, a safe way to extract natural gas?
Pro/Con Article Media Editorials News
Page Tools Highlighting
FULL ARTICLE
Introduction
Background
Supporters Argue
Opponents Argue
Conclusion
Chronology
By the Numbers
Spotlights
Discussion Questions
Bibliography
Further Resources
Introduction
SUPPORTERS ARGUE
There is no proven case of hydrofracking contaminating drinking water, and the process is perfectly safe. Natural gas can revive local economies, reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil, and provide a cleaner-burning fossil fuel. Further regulation is unnecessary and will only prevent an opportunity for the United States to develop an alternative energy source and create jobs.
OPPONENTS ARGUE
The chemicals used in fracking fluid are toxic and pose a danger to public health if they contaminate drinking water reserves or leak out of wells. Oil and gas companies are not being honest with the public about the dangers of hydrofracking, and the federal government should apply much stricter, nationwide regulations to ensure that hydrofracking does not cause widespread health problems that could plague the public for generations.
Issues and Controversies: Hydrofracking Workers
Workers at a natural gas well site in Burlington, Pennsylvania, in April 2010 prepare a drill to begin the process of hydraulic fracturing, or hydrofracking.
AP Photo/Ralph Wilson
Many observers have hailed natural gas as a solution to several energy problems facing the U.S. Utilizing the country's ample domestic supply of the resource, many have said, could greatly decrease U.S. dependence on foreign oil and possibly drive energy prices down. Furthermore, natural gas produces much less carbon dioxide than other fossil fuels, about half as much as coal, making it the cleanest burning fossil fuel available. Energy experts have also touted natural gas as a cheap alternative to renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar energy, until engineers devise a way to make renewable energy more cost efficient. According to the Department of Energy, natural gas already produces about one-fifth of the nation's electricity, a proportion that may increase as energy firms tap more domestic reserves of natural gas.
The Marcellus Shale, a 95,000-square-mile geologic formation deep underground that stretches from West Virginia through Pennsylvania to upstate New York, is estimated to contain as much as 500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. In order to access the natural gas in the Marcellus Shale and other shale formations, however, energy companies have to employ a controversial procedure called hydraulic fracturing—also known as "hydrofracking" or simply "fracking." Hydrofracking is a technique that releases natural gas by pumping millions of gallons of water, laced with sand and chemicals, thousands of feet underground to blast open, or fracture, shale formations, freeing the gas. [See Today's Science: Nat ...
Report: Shale Gas Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in Pennsylvania 2014Marcellus Drilling News
A report issued in August 2015 titled "Shale Gas Development - Summary of Shale Gas Wastewater Treatment and Disposal In Pennsylvania 2014". The report finds drillers in PA produced about 1.8 billion gallons of gas and oil wastewater in 2014--a figure largely unchanged since 2011. The study also finds the shale industry in PA is recycling 91% of the wastewater it produces.
1 How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable R.docxpoulterbarbara
1
How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable Reuse Projects
Michael R. Markus, P.E., Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Eleanor Torres, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the Orange County Water District
(the District; OCWD) was able to insulate itself from public opposition to its potable reuse
project, the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS).
To understand what challenges the District would be facing it is important to first understand
what was happening with other projects that were being developed at the same time in
Southern California. Second, it is important to understand the process by which the outreach
program was developed and how it was executed. That program was ongoing and changed
with the project to help anticipate and react to various issues that developed. Finally, it will be
shown how important it is to continue the outreach efforts and outline the various steps the
District has taken to educate people on the benefits of reuse.
Introduction
The Orange County Water District manages a very large groundwater basin (basin) in central
and north Orange County in the state of California, U.S.A. It was created by the State
Legislature in 1933 for that purpose and is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that
sets policy, establishes the amount of pumping out of the basin and sets tariffs. The District
currently has set the amount of groundwater that can be pumped out of the basin at 77% of the
total water demands for its 19 retail agencies which serve 2.5 million people. The remaining
23% of its water supply is dependent on water that is imported into the region.
The Southern California region has a semi-arid climate, which receives approximately 355 mm
of rainfall per year. Most of its water is imported from two primary outside sources, the
Colorado River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) in Northern California. The
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) built a 320 km aqueduct in the
1930’s bringing water from the Colorado River into Southern California and then participated in
the building of a 640 km aqueduct in the 1960’s from Northern California to bring water from
the Delta to Southern California. These supplies are enough to meet the water demands in
most years, but they are variable and the amount of water through these systems is dependent
on hydrology and certainly in the future, climate change.
Groundwater basins provide an important source of supplemental supply to the imported water
provided by MWD. A sustainably managed basin can provide a reliable source of low-cost
water, with groundwater costing half as much as imported water. The Orange County Water
District relies on rainfall, stormwater capture, Santa Ana River flows, untreated imported water
and recycled water for refilling its basin. This amount of water.
1 How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable R.docxjeremylockett77
1
How to Overcome Public Perception Issues on Potable Reuse Projects
Michael R. Markus, P.E., Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Eleanor Torres, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how the Orange County Water District
(the District; OCWD) was able to insulate itself from public opposition to its potable reuse
project, the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS).
To understand what challenges the District would be facing it is important to first understand
what was happening with other projects that were being developed at the same time in
Southern California. Second, it is important to understand the process by which the outreach
program was developed and how it was executed. That program was ongoing and changed
with the project to help anticipate and react to various issues that developed. Finally, it will be
shown how important it is to continue the outreach efforts and outline the various steps the
District has taken to educate people on the benefits of reuse.
Introduction
The Orange County Water District manages a very large groundwater basin (basin) in central
and north Orange County in the state of California, U.S.A. It was created by the State
Legislature in 1933 for that purpose and is governed by a 10-member Board of Directors that
sets policy, establishes the amount of pumping out of the basin and sets tariffs. The District
currently has set the amount of groundwater that can be pumped out of the basin at 77% of the
total water demands for its 19 retail agencies which serve 2.5 million people. The remaining
23% of its water supply is dependent on water that is imported into the region.
The Southern California region has a semi-arid climate, which receives approximately 355 mm
of rainfall per year. Most of its water is imported from two primary outside sources, the
Colorado River and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta) in Northern California. The
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) built a 320 km aqueduct in the
1930’s bringing water from the Colorado River into Southern California and then participated in
the building of a 640 km aqueduct in the 1960’s from Northern California to bring water from
the Delta to Southern California. These supplies are enough to meet the water demands in
most years, but they are variable and the amount of water through these systems is dependent
on hydrology and certainly in the future, climate change.
Groundwater basins provide an important source of supplemental supply to the imported water
provided by MWD. A sustainably managed basin can provide a reliable source of low-cost
water, with groundwater costing half as much as imported water. The Orange County Water
District relies on rainfall, stormwater capture, Santa Ana River flows, untreated imported water
and recycled water for refilling its basin. This amount of water ...
This document investigates co-locating a desalination plant with the Joslin Steam Electric Station in Point Comfort, Texas to provide a drought-proof water supply for regions L and N. A reverse osmosis desalination plant is proposed that would treat 180 million gallons per day of seawater to produce 90 million gallons per day of drinking water and reject hypersaline water. Reject water and solids from pretreatment would be returned through the existing plant discharge. Environmental impacts were found to be minimal. The estimated cost of the desalinated water is $1.75 per 1000 gallons. Combining this supply with 100,000 acre-feet of existing surface water supply would provide 200,000 acre-feet
Water and Shale Gas Development - Leveraging the US experience in new shale d...Marcellus Drilling News
A new report by global consulting firm Accenture that looks at the efficient and innovative ways the United States has dealt with water use in shale gas drilling. Accenture offers the U.S. as a model template for other countries who may be considering how (and whether) to frack their own shale deposits.
The document discusses potential solutions to California's growing water crisis over the next decade as the state's population increases substantially. It outlines customer requirements for a new water system, including that it must be environmentally friendly, economically viable, energy efficient, positively received, and produce high quality water. Engineering specifications are proposed that correspond to the customer requirements, such as the system using renewable energy for 80% of its power and producing at least 35,500 acre-feet of water per day. Key factors in selecting a design are identified as the energy source, water storage capacity, and system location based on their influence on important customer needs.
This document summarizes research on managing water for increased resiliency of drained agricultural landscapes. It discusses two issues exacerbated by climate change: nutrient loss from tile drainage causing water quality issues, and lack of water in late summer limiting crop yields, despite excess water in spring. The research aims to address these issues by retaining drained water in the landscape through various methods, including storing water in soils, ditches, fields, buffers, and ponds/reservoirs. Field research is being conducted at several sites to evaluate different water management practices. Modeling and decision support tools are being developed to analyze and apply the results more broadly. The goal is to transform drainage design and implementation to incorporate water retention and recycling.
The document provides an agenda for the 2016 Dallas E&P Forum on conventional oil and gas exploration. The forum will feature 8 presentations on conventional plays in the US and internationally. A keynote speech at lunch will discuss current issues in oil and gas markets, production, costs, and prices. Presentations will highlight conventional opportunities in Oklahoma, southern Michigan, central Texas, and more. New technologies like seismic analysis, geochemistry, and electroseismic methods will be discussed for improving exploration success in mature fields. The forum aims to provide inspiration for continued success in conventional resource development.
II WORKSHOP INTERNACIONAL: GESTÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA:
Pesquisa, Políticas Públicas, Extensão Rural e Participação dos Agricultores do Nebraska, USA e do Oeste da Bahia, Brasil
AUDITÓRIO AIBA - BARREIRAS, BA
Petroleum, or oil, is a nonrenewable energy source that is used to create many products beyond just fuel. One barrel of oil produces 20 gallons of gasoline and other byproducts that are used to make everyday items like plastic, paint, and medical supplies. Petroleum engineering involves exploring and producing oil and gas resources, with responsibilities including evaluating hydrocarbon potential, maximizing recovery, and transportation. As the world's demand for oil and gas increases, petroleum engineers will play a key role in meeting demand through new technologies while protecting the environment.
In 2015, The Rockefeller Foundation collaborated with several partners to begin developing incentive-based mechanisms to address competition for freshwater, and to bring human water use back in balance with the water needs of freshwater ecosystems in order to build long-term resilience. The early solutions that emerged, and the wider lessons from the group’s work, are captured in this report.
IRJET - Underground Water Recharge through Rainwater Harvesting using Rem...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses using remote sensing and GIS technologies to identify suitable locations for underground water recharge through rainwater harvesting. It identifies five major factors that influence groundwater recharge potential: lithology, land use/cover, lineaments, drainage, and slope.
2) GIS is used to spatially analyze these factors, assign weights to each, and demarcate zones in the basin according to groundwater recharge potential. Direct surface recharge techniques like infiltration basins are discussed as the most widely used method to enhance natural percolation of water into subsurface aquifers.
3) Literature on previous studies of groundwater issues in the local region is reviewed, covering topics like seasonal water
Fracking Technology On Extraction Of Shale Gas And Oil EssayMiles Priar
Fracking technology involves injecting high-pressure fluids into rock to extract shale gas and oil. Potential environmental and health issues include water contamination, air pollution, and increased seismic activity. The multi-billion dollar fracking industry argues it provides economic benefits, while critics argue it poses too many risks to the environment and human health. Governments face challenges in regulating the industry to balance these perspectives.
Cadiz Inc. is a California renewable resources company that owns 45,000 acres of land and water rights in the Cadiz Valley. It has permits to develop agricultural and water supply projects using innovative irrigation practices. The company aims to capture and deliver up to 2.5 million acre-feet of conserved water over 50 years via a pipeline to water providers in Southern California. If approved, the project would provide a reliable water supply for 100,000 families while having no adverse environmental impacts.
This paper summarizes reports from the Energy Minerals Division of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists on five unconventional energy resources: gas hydrates, gas shales, geothermal resources, oil sands, and uranium resources. It discusses current U.S. and global research and development activities related to these resources. Gas hydrates have enormous potential resources but production technologies are still under development. Gas shales, geothermal, oil sands, and uranium are increasingly being explored and developed and are becoming important energy resources.
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011Michael Klein
The drilling technique of Hydraulic Fracturing has allowed natural gas producers to extract natural gas economically from deep shale formations. This innovative drilling technique has made enormous quantities of natural gas available in wide areas of the United States from Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, New York, Wyoming, North Carolina, and Colorado. The drilling technique of hydraulic fracturing accounts for roughly a quarter of total natural gas production in the United States as cited by the Energy Information Administration. With the increased emphasis on the use of natural gas in our federal energy policy, there will be new regulations, processes, and resources that will be required to mitigate the risks to human health and the environment from this new drilling technique. The presentation discusses the process of hydraulic fracturing; the threats that are posed to human health and the environment, areas in the USA where the process is used with an emphasis on the Marcellus Shale formation, current and new regulations being put into place, and plaintiff challenges to the process.
The presentation summarized the findings of a hydrogeological survey conducted in northern Kenya to assess groundwater resources. The survey estimated significant groundwater storage in deep aquifers but limited recharge. It identified areas suitable for 2085 shallow boreholes. While exploring groundwater is important, sustainable use requires understanding recharge rates and establishing extraction limits. Improved data collection, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and research are needed to develop groundwater resources while protecting aquifers.
1. VOL. 11, NO. 3 – 2014
COUNTRY PROFILE
Ukraine’s
Gas-Fuelled Crisis
G E O L O G Y G E O P H Y S I C S R E S E R V O I R M A N A G E M E N T
GEO EDUCATION
Fractures, Fractures Everywhere
TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED
Polarising Pyrite
GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED
geoexpro.com
2. GEOExPro May 2014 3
Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com
FEATURES
22 GEO ExPro Turns Ten
24 Country Profile: Ukraine’s Gas-Fuelled Crisis
32 Technology Explained: Polarising Pyrite
36 Seismic Foldout:
A Nigerian Renaissance
46 Exploration:
Defining Shale Potential in The Netherlands
50 Industry Issues:
Responsible Resource Development
58 Seismic Foldout:
Namibia – Frontier Exploration in West Africa
80 Seismic Foldout:
Exploring the Mid North Sea High
92 Technology Explained:
Completing the Picture
80
20
92
16
10
36
10
102
COLUMNS
5 Editorial
6 Market Update
8 Update
16 Licensing Opportunities
18 A Minute to Read
42 Recent Advances in Technology:
BroadSeis in Production
56 What I Do: The Oil Industry Volunteer
64 GEO Tourism: Rinjani, The‘Big’ Volcano
70 History of Oil:‘What Oilfields?’Onshore Oil in the UK
76 GEO Profile: Lee Krystinik – Fun, Cooperation and Risk-Taking
86 GEO Education: Fracture, Fracture Everywhere
98 GEO Cities: Takoradi – Ghana’s Oil City
100 Exploration Update
102 Geomedia: The Frackers
104 Q&A: New Doctoral Training Initiative
106 Hot Spot: Papua New Guinea
108 Global Resource Management
Full-tensor gravity gradiometry is a powerful tool for
frontier exploration.
The magnificent crater
lake at the centre of Rinjani
volcano, Indonesia.
CONTENTS Vol. 11 No. 3
This edition of GEO ExPro Magazine focuses on
Europe, and Unconventional Resources and Technologies
GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED
FTG Gzz SNR
Gravity Gz SNR
FTG and Gravity SNR
SNR
ARKeX
HarryMachette-Downes
70 46
16 18
36
98
58
6
24
64
64
70
080
56
50
98
100
100
100
106
92
50
76
3. 50 GEOExPro May 201455555055550050000055555050500055050555000005050555005055050050505005505505500055500055555555000555555050055000000550000000055000005555000 GGGEGGEGEGGEGEGEGEGEGEGEGEEEGGGEGEGEGGEGEGEGEGEEEGGEGEGEGEGGEGGEEEEGGGGGEEEEGEGEGEEEGGEGGGEGEEGEEGGEEEEGEEEEEOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOEEEEExEEExEExExEExEEEEEEEEEEEExxExEEExExEEEEExxxEEEExxxxEExEEExExxExExExExxxExxExExExExxEEEExxxxPPPrPrPrPPrPrrrPPrPrPrPPrPrPrPPPPPrPPPPPrPPPPPPrPPrrPPPPrrrPPPPPPPrrrPPPPPPPrrrrrPPPrPPrrrrrrrrPrPrPrPPrrrrrPrPrPPPrProooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMaaaayaaaaayaaaaaayyyyyyyyyaaaaaayyyyyyyaaayaayyyyyaaaayyyyaaaaaayaayyyyyyaaayaaayyyyyyayayaayyaaayyyyyyyyyyyy 20202020002000222220200000200022222000000222222200002222220200022222220000222222200222220000002022222022200022220001111444414444441114144444444411111444444414444111444444441111144444441114414444444411114144444444411111444444441141114444444444411114444444
Industry Issues
Responsible
Resource
Development
Gas development of the
Haynesville Shale Play
prompted a local state
university, Louisiana’s
officials, and natural
gas operators to take a
transdisciplinary approach
to solve the area’s water
use problems, which could
be used as a model for
the industry.
GARY M. HANSON
GaryHanson
Aerial view of the LSU Shreveport Campus and Red River Education and Research
Park in Louisiana, backed by the Red River with classic meanders and oxbow lakes.
The rapid development of unconventional
resource plays throughout numerous
geographical areas of the United States
have one thing in common: they all are
associated with the use of significant
amounts of fresh water , although
recycling is increasing. Unconventional
natural gas resource plays either need
water for development, as is the case
for tight gas sands, shale gas and tight
oil, or require water to be withdrawn to
facilitate the development, as is the case
for coal-bed methane.
Water Use Issues
The Barnett Shale Play in north-
central Texas has been undergoing
development for over ten years. Over
19,000 wells have been drilled and
this trend is expected to continue for
decades. Operators in the Marcellus
Shale Play (New York and Pennsylvania)
are being confronted with severe
restrictions on available water for
hydraulic fracturing and the lack
of facilities to treat or dispose of
contaminated flow-back water.
The sources for the New York
City reservoir system are three large
watersheds that are underlain by the
Marcellus Shale. New York has banned
hydraulic fracturing while they continue
to study this commonly used and
historically safe method for stimulating
shale formations. In addition, many
of the communities in the path of this
development have never experienced
natural gas drilling and development
activities. Residents are concerned that
their water resources will be negatively
4. GEOExPro May 2014 51
impacted by contamination and
excessive withdrawal of groundwater
or excessive use of surface water. Their
lack of industry knowledge and the
overriding presence of many new
operators are presenting significant
challenges to natural gas development.
By comparison, tight gas sands in
the North Louisiana-East Texas Upper
Gulf Coast Basin have been exploited
with vertical wells and single stage
hydraulic fracturing wells for decades.
The Haynesville Shale Play of northern
Louisiana and eastern Texas developed
very rapidly from 2008 through 2012;
over 2,500 wells have been drilled in
this play with over 2,200 producing in
Louisiana alone. Now accounting for over
60% of Louisiana’s gas production and
with very high initial production rates up
to 30 Mcfgpd, the Haynesville Shale is
one of the richest gas plays to date.
A Wake-up Call
Early in the Haynesville Shale
development, significant water use
issues surfaced, and the gas industry
encountered a public that was aware
of existing groundwater problems
associated with gas production. Prior
to the start of the Haynesville Shale
development, the Red River Watershed
Management Institute at Louisiana
State University Shreveport and Caddo
Parish jointly developed a groundwater
monitoring well programme. In
addition, the Water Resources
Committee of Northwest Louisiana
was established to address water issues
and would later spawn a water energy
working group at the university.
With rapid shale gas development
came large numbers of groundwater
wells to provide water for drilling and
fracking operations. Early data from the
groundwater monitoring project showed
that the local Carrizo-Wilcox Aquifer
was not capable of producing sufficient
water for all the users involved. For
all of this development to continue,
changes in water use had to be made.
This new data was important to
operators in the area in that they could
see the aquifer was being negatively
impacted near their gas development
and started looking for alternative
sources of water. The working group
quickly concluded that they needed
access to non-potable and underutilised
surface waters to continue development
operations. The Red River, its underlying
Red River alluvial aquifer, and treated
wastewater from a paper mill were the
obvious choices. The group convened
numerous meetings to iron out the
many issues facing them.
Having participants such as
groundwater and surface water
hydrologists, water resource managers
and levee board representatives, in
addition to the technical oil and gas
disciplines (petroleum geologists
and engineers) made this truly
trandisciplinary and non-statutory
approach enjoyable and fruitful.
Developing a Water-Energy Model
Two critical natural resources, energy
and water, are key ingredients for a
healthy and secure economy in any
country today. These resources are
linked closely, as the production of
energy requires significant quantities
of water to be sustainable and the
distribution of large quantities of clean
water are dependent on low cost energy.
GaryHanson
Water Resources Adaptive
Management Model. The
LSU Shreveport Red River
Watershed Management
Institute was developed
as a flexible institution
involving the community
in research and
education to build
trust and solve
real world
problems.
250
252
254
256
258
J A S O D J F M A M J J A S N J F A M J
WaterLevel(ft)
South Camp
MW
20102008
Summer Summer
1st meeting Water Energy
Working Group
Alarm raised – fracking
source groundwater
Winter-Spring
Winter-Spring
2009
GaryHansonandAmandaLewis
Data collected by the Red River Watershed Management Institute from the area’s main aquifer
showed a sharp drop in water levels near Haynesville Shale development. Gas companies
recognised the problem and quickly adjusted to using more abundant surface water for drilling and
fracking operations.
5. 52 GEOExPro May 2014
Industry Issues
This is the ‘energy-water nexus’ that is
being challenged by a growing number
of issues. Add to this food supplies;
the challenges at a global level have
been there for some time but are now
becoming increasingly urgent.
With drought conditions and increased
demand making water deliverability to
the various users in north-west Louisiana
problematic, more cooperation between
multiple agencies and disciplines becomes
a must. As the Red River alluvial aquifer
has a shared use between farmers and
natural gas operators, the shallow and
deep groundwater monitoring wells are
providing key data to all the users. Shell
Oil is funding research for the Red River
Water Management Institute, bringing in
Sci-Port-Louisiana’s Science Center, and
supporting interns from nearby Bossier
Parish Community College to work at the
LSU-Shreveport Red River Education and
Research Park.
The water-energy-food security nexus
will have an effect on all users. Currently,
the amount of groundwater and surface
water used for the Haynesville Shale
Play is only a minor portion of the water
budget in most regions. However, during
droughts and in arid or semiarid areas,
this is not the case. When developing the
north Louisiana model for water use and
distribution, participants have worked
with socio-economic, political, internal
industry and agricultural policies to lay
out a plan. However, implementing this
plan on the ground over time is much
harder.
Keeping the water-energy security
nexus efforts stable requires continuing
efforts from all parties. In the highly
competitive oil and gas industry
changes in gas prices bring changes in
company strategies; for example, when
gas prices dropped, operators left the
gas-rich Haynesville Shale Play for the
liquids-rich plays such as the Eagle Ford
in South Texas. Now, with gas prices
creeping higher, new operators are
moving back to the Haynesville area
and are attempting to use groundwater
again. It is important that the industry
lives up to the agreements that have
been worked out over several years and
hundreds of hours of effort.
Solving the Problem
There is a need for technical experts and
governing bodies to stretch beyond their
normal work environment in order to
solve these difficult problems. As this
relates to the water and energy nexus,
the problem to be solved may not, at
first, be realised as a common one. At
the beginning of the working sessions,
no one had the answers to tough real
world problems that had to be solved.
They started with technical oil and gas
people sitting across the table from
regulators with practically no knowledge
of the petroleum industry but who had
the power to determine if wells were
going to be drilled or not. Vulnerabilities
surfaced, preconceived ideas were
neutralised, and internal politics were
kept out of discussions. The result was
education for all; participants could
solve some problems right on the spot
while other problems would take more
time to solve with additional agencies or
Multibeam sonar images of the Red River area, showing bathymetry of the river (foreground) and Red
River Education and Research Park oxbow lake (background). Hot colours represent shallow water and
cool colours the deep water. These are some of the shallowest multibeam sonar images ever recorded.
GaryHanson
Gary M. Hanson
serves as Director of the Red River
Watershed Management Institute at
LSU Shreveport and holds the position of
Hydrologist in Residence. With over 35
years of experience as a geologist, manager
and partner in the oil and gas industry,
as well as a hydrogeologist and district
manager in the environmental industry,
he is a consultant for both energy and
environmental policy.
6. 54 GEOExPro May 2014
Industry Issues
experts to be consulted.
The lack of potable water world-wide
is becoming a reality. As the population
increases and industry grows, more water
will certainly have to be made available
and all users will have to become more
efficient with its use. In the US, shale gas
and tight oil plays have become a catalyst
to convince the public that water is a
topic that can no longer be ignored. This
certainly was the case in Louisiana as
the arrival of the Haynesville Shale Play
made officials take a hard look to find
ways to solve the area’s water problems.
The actions taken in north Louisiana
regarding the energy and water nexus
can and should be used as an example for
others to follow. Above all, it is absolutely
critical that transdisciplinary approaches
be taken for the world to maintain secure
supplies of energy, water and food.
When it comes to lessons learned,
unconventional resource play operators
must become familiar with the state or
local water issues and usage regulation
prior to the start of their operation. It
is a very good idea to initiate contact
at the outset with local, county/parish,
and state agencies to develop a rapport
and mutual understanding of proposed
operations. Finally, do not underestimate
the concerns (perceived or real) of local
citizens when it comes to the use and
protection of ‘their’ water. Concern
about water issues continues to permeate
all discussions (whether water related
or not) with local government and
citizens in the Haynesville Shale Play.
Exploration and production management
must realise that water issues have to be
addressed as a priority early on in any
unconventional resource play.
Acknowledgements:
The author would like to acknowledge the
following organisations and individuals:
Amanda Lewis, Dillon Soderstrom, Dr.
Vincent Marsala and Dr. Paul Sisson, LSU
Shreveport; Dr. Woodrow Wilson, Caddo
Parish Commission; Ken Guidry, Red
River Waterway Commission; Jim Welsh,
Louisiana Office of Conservation; Nancy
O’Toole, Shell Oil; Dr. John Russin and
Dr. Patrick Colyer, LSU AgCenter; Dr. Van
Brahana, University of Arkansas; Brandon
Calhoun, Chesapeake; EnCana; Ben
Warden, Conoco-Phillips; Mark Henkhaus,
Apache Corp.; US Corps of Engineers; US
Fish & Wildlife Service and USEPA.
Haynesville operators acted quickly with voluntary changes in water usage. Through public
outreach and education, this area has not experienced negative backlash associated with the
development of tight hydrocarbon resources. Using only an 11 acre (4.5 ha) drill pad, drilling and
fracking of a previously drilled well can occur simultaneously – well spacing varies from 45 to 75ft
(14 to 23m). Using horizontal drilling techniques minimises landscape impact. With this small pad,
multiple wellbores can reach into four sections (2,560 acres, 1,036 ha) in the deep subsurface.
GaryHanson