The document outlines the objectives related to understanding capacitors, including determining the effects on capacitance, charge, and potential difference, as well as calculating equivalent capacitance in series/parallel configurations. It describes the fundamental concepts of capacitors, their charging process, and factors affecting capacitance, such as plate area and distance. Additionally, it introduces dielectrics, their role in increasing capacitance, and polarization effects in various dielectric materials.

1. Objectives
1. Determine the effects of simple capacitors on the
capacitance, charge, and potential difference; and
2.Calculate the equivalent capacitance of a network
of capacitors connected in series/parallel.
3. Explain the concepts of a capacitor and its
capacitance
4. Describe how to evaluate the capacitance of a
system of conductors

2. Capacitance
a component or circuit to collect
and store energy in the form of an
electrical charge

3. Word of the day
Farad
feh ruhd
·
the SI unit of electrical capacitance, equal to the
capacitance of a capacitor in which one coulomb of
charge causes a potential difference of one volt.

4. SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the capacitance of a capacitor
if it has a charge of 5 C and a voltage of 12
V is passing through it.

5. SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the amount of charge stored on
either plate of a capacitor (4x10-6 F) when
connected across a 12 volt battery.

6. depends on the shapes, sizes and relative positions of the
conductors and on the nature of insulator between them
it is calculated by finding the potential difference Vab
between the conductors for a given magnitude of
charge Q.
V =VB –VA
Δ

7. The SI unit of capacitance is the farad
(F), named after Michael Faraday
(1791–1867).

8. Capacitor
devices that are charge by current
 an essential component of an electronic
equipment and invariably used in electric
circuits
electrons that transferred by one
conductor to other is called charging a
capacitor

9. net charge on the capacitor as a whole
remains zero

10. Capacitors in circuits are illustrated in following
figures:
The vertical lines (straight or
curved ) represent the
conductors.
The horizontal lines represent
wires connected to conductor.
How to charge a capacitor?

11. The capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor
Area of plates
the bigger the area of the plate, the greater the
capacitance
Distance between the plates
the closer the plates to one another, the greater
the capacitance

12. The capacitance depends on the parallel/
geometry of the capacitor.
Where:
C – capacitance
𝜀0 permittivity of the insulating
−
material or dielectric
A – area of each plates
d – distance between plates
Q- magnitude of charge on each plate
Vab- potential difference between
plates

13. SAMPLE PROBLEM
A parallel plate capacitor has square plates of
side 5 cm and separated by a distance of 1
mm. (a) Calculate the capacitance of this
capacitor. (b) If a 10 V battery is connected to
the capacitor, what is the charge stored in any
one of the plates?
Q = CV

14. SAMPLE PROBLEM
The parallel plates of a 2.0 F capacitor are
1.0 mm apart . Calculate the area.

15. TRY IT!
A parallel plate capacitor filled with mica
having εr = 5 is connected to a 10 V battery.
The area of the parallel plate is 6 m2
and
separation distance is 6 mm.
Find the capacitance and stored charge.

16. Capacitors in Series

17. Objectives
1. Determine the effects of simple capacitors on the
capacitance, charge, and potential difference; and
2.Calculate the equivalent capacitance of a network
of capacitors connected in series/parallel.
3. Explain the concepts of a capacitor and its
capacitance
4. Describe how to evaluate the capacitance of a
system of conductors

18. Compare and contrast battery and capacitor
using a Venn Diagram

19. Capacitors in Parallel

20. Capacitors in Series and Parallel

21. Word of the day
Dielectrics
dai·uh·lek·truhks
a medium or substance that transmits
electric force without conduction

22. Dielectrics
• non-conducting materials inserted between the
plates of a capacitor
• used to increase the capacitance of a capacitor
Examples of dielectrics are ceramics, paper and
air

23. Word of the day
polarization
pow lr uh zay shn
· · · ·
the separation of center of positive charge
and the center of negative charge in a
material

24. Polarization
• cancels the contribution of the pair of charges to
the voltage across the capacitor
• division between charges
• the atoms of the dielectric material will again
occur causing the voltage across the capacitor to
decrease

25. Polar Dielectrics
-the dielectrics that have permanent electric
dipole moments

26. Dipole moments
-a measure of the separation of negative and
positive charges in a system

27. Non-Polar Dielectrics
-the dielectrics that do not possess permanent
electric dipole moment

29. k - is the number which
describes how much a dielectric
can increase a capacitance
C0- capacitance using
vacuum as the dielectric

30. Capacitance C increases when the space
between the conductors is filled with dielectrics.