The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is the first agreement under the World Trade Organization (WTO) to liberalize international trade in services. GATS provides a framework for countries to negotiate commitments to open up their services markets. While little liberalization was achieved initially, GATS established the foundation for ongoing negotiations to reduce barriers to trade in services. Developing countries have been hesitant to fully embrace GATS due to lack of prior rules around services trade. However, liberalizing services markets could provide opportunities for developing countries to integrate further into the global economy and experience welfare gains from greater competition and efficiency.

1. And
Itseffectonindiantourism
Satyendra singh jadaun
(Iittm college student)

2.  GATS ALLOWS MEMBER COUNTRIES TO ASSUME LEGALLY
BINDING COMMITMENTS CONCERNING THEIR USE OR
RENUNCIATION OF TRADE-RELATED MEASURES IN INDIVIDUAL
SERVICE SECTORS. THESE COMMITMENTS ARE LAID DOWN IN
COUNTRY SCHEDULES, ONE FOR EACH MEMBER. THERE IS WIDE
SCOPE TO ADJUST SCHEDULES TO DOMESTIC POLICY
OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS. FOR EXAMPLE, GATS DOES NOT
PRESCRIBE THE NUMBER, LEVEL OR SECTORAL PATTERN OF A
COUNTRY’S COMMITMENTS AND DOES NOT COMPEL MEMBERS,
EVEN IN SECTORS THEY INCLUDE IN SCHEDULES, TO OFFER
CONDITIONS THAT ARE MORE LIBERAL THAN THE PREVAILING
TRADING CONDITIONS.

3.  General agreement on trade in services (GATS) was
one of the agreements that were signed under the
purview of the world trade organization (WTO) which
entered into force in January 1995.the treaty was
created to extend the multilateral.
 All members of WTO are signatories to the GATS.
 While the overall goals of GATS is to remove barriers
to trade , members are free to choose which sectors are
to be progressively that mode of supply would apply to
a particular sector like trade and tourism.

4.  The WTO general agreement on trade in services is
bundle of framework for future liberalization of services
trade.
 in February 2000 , WTO members have entered into a
new round of multilateral negotiations on services ,
mandated by GATS.
 Currently 140 economies are GATS members.
 Main aim of GATS is to liberalize in services.
Cont……

5.  Telecommunication , pharmaceuticals ,
government , hospitality/tourism , mass media
,healthcare/hospitals public health , information
technology , waste disposal , banking , insurance ,
financial services , FMCG , legal services
construction , food processing , consulting , retail
sales , franchising , gambling , real estate ,
education.

6. I. PART - SCOPE AND DEFINITION
II. PART - GENERAL OBLIGATION AND
DISCIPLINESS.
III. PART - SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS
IV. PART - PROGRESSIVE LIBERALIZATION
V. PART - INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
VI. PART - FINAL PROVISIONS

7.  FINDINGS GENERALLY IMPLOYMENT THAT
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GATS IS
NOT TUNE WITH THE ASPIRATIONS OF THE
SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN
TOURISM , ESPECIALLY THOUSE LOCATED IN
THE SOUTH , THE AGREEMENTS SHOW ONLY
SCANT REGARD FOR THE PRINCIPLES OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT , TOO.

8.  ON APRAGMATIC LEVEL , HIGHLIGHTS THE
OPPOURTUNITIES TO THE THREATS TO THE
STAKEHOLDERS . ITS FOCUSES ON THE MOST DIS
ADVANTAGED ONES IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
AND PROVIDES A SET OF GUIDELINES FOR
INFORMED ACTION.
Cont……

9.  SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS ON MARKET ACCESS
AND NATIONAL TREATMENT.
 THE CONCEPT OF SERVICES TRADE ; FOUR
MODES OF SUPPLY.
1. CROSS –BORDER SUPPLY
2. CONSUMPTION ABROAD
3. COMMERCIAL PRESENCE
4. PRESENCE OF NATURAL PERSONS

11. Cont……

17.  The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is the
first multilateral agreement, under the auspices of Uruguay
Round, to provide legally enforceable rights to trade in a wide
range of services along with their progressive liberalization.
Though very little liberalization was actually achieved, the
negotiations on trade in services established the institutional
structure for negotiating liberalization in the future. Many of
the developing countries have not been very receptive to the
conception of GATS mainly due to non-existence of such rules
in the past and also because many of the service sectors had
always enjoyed heavy protection.

18.  The present paper argues that GATS provides developing
countries with an opportunity to integrate into the global
economy through adopting more liberal policies with
regard to trade in services. Both the developing as well as
the developed countries would gain through liberalization
of various service-sectors. In fact, inefficiencies in the
service-sectors of a developing economy impact negatively
on the export competitiveness of its agriculture and
manufacturing sectors, through forward linkages, thus
becoming one of the contributory factors leading to
unfavorable balance of current account.
Cont……

19.  The present paper employs a multi-country computable
general equilibrium model to demonstrate potential gains
in welfare for the developing countries from their
liberalization of trade in services. The gains get enhanced
further when developed countries also undertake similar
liberalization. The paper examines salient features of
India's commitments under GATS along with a case study
of India's brilliant success in software services. Unilateral
moves by the Indian government towards liberalizing
imports of computer software and hardware along with
facilitating inflow of FDI into these sectors during the
1990s have been the major contributory factors in this
success story.
Cont……

21.  BOOK- TOURISM IN INDIA
EDITORS- PROF.K.VIJAYA BABU
JAYAPRAKASHNARAYANA.G
 ASK.COM (WTO AND GATS)
 IITTM GWALIOR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR-
RAMAKRISHNA KONGALLA (GATS TOURISM PPT-
SLIDESHARE.COM)