The document discusses terrorism in Tunisia based on a study of 1,000 incarcerated jihadi terrorists. It finds that 40% had a university degree and 75% were under age 40. It also discusses the number of Tunisians fighting abroad, estimated at 4,000 in Syria, 1,000-1,500 in Libya, and smaller numbers in other countries. The motivations of foreign fighters are said to range from ideological to economic factors to a need for belonging. The document also addresses the roles of women in terrorist organizations and estimates of foreign fighters from different regions. It advocates education and open communication as ways to prevent extremism and terrorism.

1. GENDER AND
TERRORISM
Access Students
Schooling plus Sfax

2. YOUTH TALK
2016/2017

3. WHAT DOES TERRORISM
MEAN ?
 The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of
unlawful violence to inculcate fear.It
is intended to coerce or to
intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals
that are generally political, religious, or ideological.

4.  A recently released study by the Tunisian Center for
Research and Studies on Terrorism (CTRET) revealed new
insights into Tunisian jihadi groups, including their affiliations
with organizations outside the country, their anti-government
plans and demographic information about their members.

5. Using the records of 1,000 incarcerated jihadis involved in 384
court cases from 2011 to 2015, the report found that 40% of the
terrorists held a university degree or had some level of higher
education. The CTRET report also found that women were 3.5%
of the sample, and 751 of the 1,000 terrorists were under age
35.( their age is between 17/40 years old )

6. 40%
60%
Terrorists’ Education level
higher education

7. < 40 years old
75%
> 40 years old
25%
AGE

8.  A UN expert group has found that the number of Tunisians
fighting abroad for extremist groups is continuing to increase
 According to the expert group, approximately 4,000
Tunisians are currently fighting in Syria. In addition, 1,000–
1,500 Tunisians are fighting in Libya, 200 in Iraq, and around
100 in Yemen and Mali.

9. T H E E S T I M A T E D N U M B E R O F T U N I S I A N
T E R RO R I S T S
F RO M 2 0 1 1 TO 2 0 1 6
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2011 2015 2016

10. WHAT ARE THEIR
MOTIVATIONS?
 Foreign fighters are typically between 18–35 years old and their motivations
behind joining battles abroad are complex.
 According to the expert group, they range from "religious and political
ideologies, financial gains, economic and social conditions" to trying to find a
"sense of purpose and belonging". This means that not only people from poor
socio-economic backgrounds are prepared to wage jihad, but also those from
middle- or upper–class families. Even women, in smaller numbers, and entire
families have left for Syria or Iraq. They typically state that their motivation has
humanitarian roots.

11.  Beyond such factors, money seems to be a key driver in facilitating
recruitment structures. The UN experts found that recruiters receive
between US$3,000 to US$10,000 for every new recruit, depending on
how qualified the person is. Recruitment is particularly developed across
the porous borders with Libya. However, foreign jihadi groups, including
those from Libya, have also established themselves in Tunisia to recruit
fighters. Many are subsequently trained in Libya.
What are their motivations?

12.  Between 27,000 and 31,000 people have traveled to Syria and Iraq to
join the Islamic State and other violent extremist groups in the region,
according to data provided by the Soufan Group
 The foreign fighters joining these groups are from at least 90 countries
- one in six of which have no reported quantity of fighters

13. TOP 10 C OU N TR IES BY FOR EIGN
FIGH TER S IN IR AQ AN D SYR IA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tunisia
Saudi arabia
Russia
Jordan
Tureky
France
Morocco
Lebanan
Egypt
Germany

14.  There are approximately 6,000 people from Europe - with the most fighters
France, Germany and the UK
 The number of foreign fighters from Western Europe has more than doubled
since June 2014, while it has remained relatively flat in other regions such as North
America .The New York Times quoted US intelligence and law enforcement officials
as saying that some 30,000 militants from over 90 countries, including more than
250 Americans, had traveled to Syria and Iraq to join the ranks of Takfiri terrorist
groups operating in the two countries.
 The Asian continent has seen the most citizens travel to Syria and Iraq with
over 14,000 people estimated to be in the conflict zone.

15. H O W M AN Y F I G H T E R S AR E T H E R E
F R O M E AC H C O N T I N E N T ?
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Asia
Africa
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Estimated number of fighters

16. FEMALE TERRORISTS
 Female terrorists are far more involved in Isis than has
previously been thought and often escape detection as they play
crucial but less visible ‘behind the scenes’ roles, new research
has claimed.

17.  Despite the figures most commonly associated with the terror
organization are male, thousands of women are the ‘glue holding the
organization together’, researchers at the University of Miami have found.
The study ‘Women’s Connectivity in Extreme Networks’ has been
published in the journal Science Advances and involved researchers
analysing data from 40,000 suspected terrorists.
Female terrorists

18.  In September 2013, Tunisian
Interior Minister Lotfi Ben Jeddou
told members of the National
Constituent Assembly that Tunisian
women had been working as sex
partners for militants in Syria.
Female terrorists

19.  Some 700 Tunisian women have
traveled to Syria to join the ranks of
Daesh and other terrorist groups
operating in the Arab country, a Tunisian
minister says.
The minister also stated that the women
had had sexual relations with as many as
100 militants and had returned home
pregnant. “After the sexual liaisons they
have there... they come home pregnant.”

20. W HA T A BOUT W ESTER N WOMEN ?

21.  In the same context ,40 percent of the young people who
have left France and are now in Syria are women, according
to the French Interior Ministry.
W H A T A B O U T
W E S T E R N W O M E N ?

22.  In France, where terrorist threats have become distressingly
commonplace
 Security officials say they are concerned, and they are seeking to
understand whether women are beginning to step up because so many
men are under surveillance or in detention, or whether recruiters from
terror groups are urging women on, in part, as a way to shame more men
into taking action. They also wonder if it is part of a strategy to make
Europeans feel that they should fear men and women alike.
W H A T A B O U T
W E S T E R N W O M E N ?

23.  While the extremist women operating today in France
typically proclaim loyalty to the Islamic State and have been
in touch with people affiliated with the group, they appear to
be acting with guidance and encouragement only from afar,
from men either in Syria or in Europe.
W H A T A B O U T
W E S T E R N W O M E N ?

25. HOW TO PR EVENT TER ROR ISM ?
 It is our duty to protect our new generation from religion
extremism and terrorism.
 we can’t stop terrorism only through the security focused
measures. To stop extremism and terrorism we need to raise
awareness among the people and to build a social movement
against it.
Access students launched an Awareness program at primary
school ’ schooling + ‘’ to raise anti-terrorism values among the
children.

27. It ‘s so important to
communicate with children and
adolescents about current world
events, specifically war and
terrorism . We ,Access ,students
tried to raise awareness of how
children may understand,
interpret, and respond to related
fears and concerns.

28. Providing education and guidance can reduce stress and
enhance understanding of the chaotic events confronting our
nation. It also provides a platform for communication and
exploration should additional terrorist attacks or acts of war
occur. It is important to examine how to approach children and
adolescents to communicate with them about these sensitive
issues