Indigenous People

2. ALL ABOUT IBALOI!
The Ibaloi are an indigenous ethnic group found in
Benguet province of the Northern Philippines. Ibaloi is
derived from i-, a prefix signifying “pertaining to” and
baloi or house, together then meaning “people who live
in houses.”

3. IBALOI’S CHARACTERISTICS!
• The Ibaloi people are strong, and often fair
skinned.
• The Ibaloi are mostly an agricultural people
who cultivate rice in terraced fields.
• They are both good and evil in nature and can
be evoked to both anger and pleasure.

4. IBALOI’S CULTURE!
• Ibaloi society is composed of the rich (baknang) and
three poor classes, the cowhands (pastol),
farmhands (silbi), and non-Ibaloi slaves (bagaen).
• The Ibaloi believe in two kinds of spirits (anitos). The
nature spirits associated with calamities, while the
ancestral ones ( ka-apuan) make their presence
known in dreams or by making a family member sick.

5. • The Ibaloi have a rich material culture, most
notably their mummification process,
which makes use of saltwater to prevent
organ decomposition.
IBALOI MOST NOTABLE TRADITION!

6. • A popular native feast amongst the Ibaloi’s is the
Cañao Tradition. It is a thanksgiving ritual that
refers to several native feast of the Ibaloi and Benguet
people. It involves sacrificing animals as well as an
offering of rice wine or tapuy.
IBALOI MOST NOTABLE TRADITION!

7. IBALOI’S LANGUAGES
The native language of the Ibaloi people is Ibaloi,
also known as Inibaloi or Nabaloi. It has three
dialects: Bokod, Daklan, and kabayan. The
Ibaloi often speak Ilocano and Tagalog as a second
language.

9. What is Bugkalot?
The word Bugkalot comes from a root word
ka-lot, which means “interwoven”. The Bugkalot
are an indigenous people of the Philippines who
live in Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains.
They are also known as the Ilongot, which
means “head hunters.”

10. The Ilongot, also known as the Bugkalot, are an
indigenous group in the Philippines known for their
fiercely conservative culture, strong emphasis on
community, and a history of headhunting. They are
recognized for their unique adornments, egalitarian
social structure, and reliance on slash-and-burn
agriculture, with distinct dialects within their
community.
ALL ABOUT ILONGOT (BUGKALOT)!

11. ILONGOT/BUGKALOT’S CULTURE!
• Egalitarian: The Ilongot society is considered
largely egalitarian with no formal leadership
hierarchy, although temporary leadership might
emerse based on personal charisma and oratorical
skills called “puron”.
• Kin Groups: Family units are important, with
extended families living together in dispersed
settlements.

12. • Headhunting: Historically, the Ilongot were known
as fierce headhunters, taking the heads of enemies as a
sign of bravery and power, often using these trophies
in rituals ans social status display.
• Body adornment: Ilongot people were known for
their elaborate personal adornments, including
intricate brass jewelry like bracelets, necklace, and
waist bands which often reflected social status and
personal achievement.
ILONGOT/BUGKALOT’S TRADITIONS!

13. • Gender roles: Traditionally, men were primarily
responsible for hunting and warfare, while women
focused on gathering, farming, and domestic tasks.
• Dance and music: The Ilongot have distinct
traditional dances and music often performed during
celebrations and rituals, characterized by energetic
movements and rhythmic instruments.
ILONGOT/BUGKALOT’S TRADITIONS!

14. ILONGOT/BUGKALOT’S LANGUAGES!
• The Ilongot language is Austronesian, and there
are three major dialects: Egongut, Italon, and
Abaka. They use Ilocano and Tagalog in trading.

15. -END OF PRESENTATION-
Thank you for listening