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OBJECTIVES
1. Learn about the different types of LEGO gears and what you use
them for
2. Learn how to calculate gear ratios
3. Learn some useful gearing techniques
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 1
WHAT IS A GEAR?
• A gear is a wheel with teeth that meshes with another gear
• There are many different kinds of gears
• Gears are used to
• Change speed
• Change torque
• Change direction
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016
2
COMMON LEGO GEARS
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 3
Turntable
Worm Gear
Rack Gear
Spur Gears
Double Bevel Gears
Single Bevel Gears
Knob Wheel Crown Gear
Differential
NAMING LEGO GEARS
LEGO gears are referred to by their type and the number of teeth
they have
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 4
8 tooth spur gear
16 tooth spur gear
24 tooth spur gear
40 tooth spur gear
DRIVERS, FOLLOWERS & IDLERS
Driver: gear that applies force (the gear
connected to the motor on a robot)
Follower: final gear that is driven
Idler: gear turned by driver which then
turns the follower
Notes about gears:
1) When 2 gears mesh, the driver
makes follower turn in the opposite
direction
2) You need an odd number of idler
gears to make driver and follower turn
in same direction.
3) You need an even number of idlers
(or none) to make driver and follower
turn in opposite direction
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 5
Driver
Follower
Idler
Idler
Idler
GEARING DOWN AND UP
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 6
Large Driver Small Follower
Small Driver Large Follower
Gearing Down
(increases torque,
decreases speed)
Gearing Up
(increases speed,
decreases torque)
Drive Drive
CALCULATING GEAR RATIOS
Gear Ratio = number of teeth in follower: number of teeth in driver
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 7
Driver Follower
Driver Follower
24/40 = 3:5
40/24 = 5:3
Gearing Down
(increases torque,
decreases speed)
Gearing Up
(increases speed,
decreases torque)
CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF
MOTION
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 8
You can use gears to
change the direction of
motion.
Credits: All the animated images are from:
http://technicopedia.com/fundamentals.html. To view them correctly, you will need
to use “Slideshow Mode” on PowerPoint.
PROBLEMS WITH LEGO GEARS
• Two common problems that you might face:
• Gear Slip: Slippage is when the teeth skip on the gears when
you apply power
• Gear Backlash: Backlash is space between the teeth where the
gears mesh. When the space is too much, it is called slack/slop.
When there is too little, you create too much friction.
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 9
Solution: Try to avoid long sequences of gears. Use a gear box. Mesh
gears according to specification.
GEAR BOXES CAN BE HELPFUL
• Gear boxes can help
reduce some of the
issues you may face
when building with gears.
• Some are pre-built (with
gears included)
• Some need gears
inserted into a gear box
• Some can be assembled
from scratch using
technic pieces
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 10
Pre-built
Pre-built Pre-built
RACK GEARS FOR VERTICAL &
HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 11
Support structure of
Wall-E7 by Marc-
Andre Bazergui is
made with rack
gears
PIX3L PLOTT3R by Sanjay and Arvind
Seshan uses rack gears
USEFUL ONLINE GEAR TOOL
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 12
http://gears.sariel.pl/
OTHER USEFUL RESOURCES
More about gears: http://sariel.pl/2009/09/gears-tutorial/
Gear animations: http://technicopedia.com/fundamentals.html
Technic Gearing: Books by Yoshihito Isogawa
© 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 13

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Gears.pptx

  • 1. OBJECTIVES 1. Learn about the different types of LEGO gears and what you use them for 2. Learn how to calculate gear ratios 3. Learn some useful gearing techniques © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 1
  • 2. WHAT IS A GEAR? • A gear is a wheel with teeth that meshes with another gear • There are many different kinds of gears • Gears are used to • Change speed • Change torque • Change direction © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 2
  • 3. COMMON LEGO GEARS © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 3 Turntable Worm Gear Rack Gear Spur Gears Double Bevel Gears Single Bevel Gears Knob Wheel Crown Gear Differential
  • 4. NAMING LEGO GEARS LEGO gears are referred to by their type and the number of teeth they have © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 4 8 tooth spur gear 16 tooth spur gear 24 tooth spur gear 40 tooth spur gear
  • 5. DRIVERS, FOLLOWERS & IDLERS Driver: gear that applies force (the gear connected to the motor on a robot) Follower: final gear that is driven Idler: gear turned by driver which then turns the follower Notes about gears: 1) When 2 gears mesh, the driver makes follower turn in the opposite direction 2) You need an odd number of idler gears to make driver and follower turn in same direction. 3) You need an even number of idlers (or none) to make driver and follower turn in opposite direction © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 5 Driver Follower Idler Idler Idler
  • 6. GEARING DOWN AND UP © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 6 Large Driver Small Follower Small Driver Large Follower Gearing Down (increases torque, decreases speed) Gearing Up (increases speed, decreases torque) Drive Drive
  • 7. CALCULATING GEAR RATIOS Gear Ratio = number of teeth in follower: number of teeth in driver © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 7 Driver Follower Driver Follower 24/40 = 3:5 40/24 = 5:3 Gearing Down (increases torque, decreases speed) Gearing Up (increases speed, decreases torque)
  • 8. CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF MOTION © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 8 You can use gears to change the direction of motion. Credits: All the animated images are from: http://technicopedia.com/fundamentals.html. To view them correctly, you will need to use “Slideshow Mode” on PowerPoint.
  • 9. PROBLEMS WITH LEGO GEARS • Two common problems that you might face: • Gear Slip: Slippage is when the teeth skip on the gears when you apply power • Gear Backlash: Backlash is space between the teeth where the gears mesh. When the space is too much, it is called slack/slop. When there is too little, you create too much friction. © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 9 Solution: Try to avoid long sequences of gears. Use a gear box. Mesh gears according to specification.
  • 10. GEAR BOXES CAN BE HELPFUL • Gear boxes can help reduce some of the issues you may face when building with gears. • Some are pre-built (with gears included) • Some need gears inserted into a gear box • Some can be assembled from scratch using technic pieces © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 10 Pre-built Pre-built Pre-built
  • 11. RACK GEARS FOR VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 11 Support structure of Wall-E7 by Marc- Andre Bazergui is made with rack gears PIX3L PLOTT3R by Sanjay and Arvind Seshan uses rack gears
  • 12. USEFUL ONLINE GEAR TOOL © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 12 http://gears.sariel.pl/
  • 13. OTHER USEFUL RESOURCES More about gears: http://sariel.pl/2009/09/gears-tutorial/ Gear animations: http://technicopedia.com/fundamentals.html Technic Gearing: Books by Yoshihito Isogawa © 2016 EV3Lessons.com, Last Edit 7/18/2016 13