Gcsr on solar energy

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GLOBAL COUNTRY STUDY REPORT
ON
“ENERGY INDUSTRY OF JAPAN”
W.R.T
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR GUJARAT AND LAKSHADWEEP
SUBMITTED TO
734 – MARWADI EDUCATION FOUNDATION’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
DR. MONICA VERMA
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF
MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)
OFFERED BY
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
AHMEDABAD
PREPARED BY
STUDENTS OF
MBA (SEMESTER III / IV)
GROUP NO: (GPRN2017JAPA73400749)
YEAR: 2017-2018
Name Enrolment Number
AKSHITA N. AGRAWAL 167340592008
JIGNESH M. PATADIYA 167340592063
NIRAV P. BARDANA 167340592020
PRATIK S. ZALA 167340592121
SANIDHYA M. VORA 167340592148

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STUDENT’S DECLARATION
We, following students, hereby declare that the Global Country Study Report
titled “ENERGY INDUSTRY OF JAPAN” is a result of our own work and our
indebtedness to other work publications. References, if any, have been duly
acknowledged. If we are found guilty of copying any other report or published
information and showing our original work, or extending plagiarism limit, we
understand that we shall be liable and punishable by GTU, which may include
‘fail’ in examination, ‘repeat study and re-submission of the report’ or any
punishment that GTU may decide.
Name Enrolment Number Signature
AKSHITA N. AGRAWAL 167340592008
JIGNESH M. PATADIYA 167340592063
NIRAV P. BARDANA 167340592020
PRATIK S. ZALA 167340592121
SANIDHYA M. VORA 167340592148

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PREFACE
In today’s world of globalization, opportunities are plenty and they
keep knocking doors all times. The work of success is always open to
dynamic, confident and courageous youth. All we need is positive
attitude and forceful personality to achieve the success. To survive in
this highly competitive market, practical knowledge is more
important than theoretical. As a student of MBA, we are supposed to
have practical knowledge and experience of business and
management.
Due to globalization, there has been a rush of multinational
companies in India. Keeping this entire thing in mind GTU has
introduced practical studies as one of their subject. In this students
are given opportunities to work in an industry and are required to
know how practically the work is performed. This also teaches
students how to present themselves in front of different people,
their business skills, their way of communicating and skill of working
in a team.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are delighted to pursue our Masters in Business Administration from
Gujarat Technological University, as it gives us practical exposure to both
national as well as international market. This is a great opportunity for us to
present our project report on “Renewable Energy of Japan” W.R.T
Lakshadweep to Gujarat Technological University, for which we are heartily
thankful to them.
We are also thankful to our Dean Dr. SunilKumar Jakhoria and our guide
Dr. Monica Verma for giving us the guidance and their sincere attention,
suggestion for preparing this project report.
We are deeply thankful to Dr. Alpesh Gajera for giving us useful information
on time and helping us at each milestone. Lastly we would like to thank who
directly or indirectly contributed their valuable time and helped us for
preparing this report.
Date:
Place: Rajkot

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INDEX
Serial
Number
Topic Page
Number
1 Initial Pages 1
2 Preface 4
3 Acknowledgement 5
4 Company Introduction 8
5 SWOT analysis 9
6 Porters Five Force Analysis 12
7 Brief About Selected Product 16
8 Justification 19
9 Import Export Norms 21
10 Mode of Entry 25
11 Packaging 27
12 Supply Chain Analysis 28
13 STP 32
14 Financial Statements 42
15 Price Fixation 49
16 Executive Summary 52
17 Findings and Suggestions 63
18 Conclusion 64
19 References 65

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COMPANY INTRODUCTION
No. Particular Details
1 Name of the Company Shree Gajanand Energy
2 Address of the company Shiv Shakti Industries, Street No.2,
Opp. Rajavir Engg, Manda Dunger
Aji Dam Chokdi,
Rajkot.
3 Product offered by the company Solar Products
4 Person’s Name, designation Parth Shekhda –Owner
5 Contact no 7405888820
6 Website www.rerunenergies.com
7 E-mail rerunsolar@gmail.com
8 Export/Import No
9 Date of Training 12th
January to 22nd
January 2018

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 SWOT ANALYSIS OF SHREE GAJANAND ENERGIES
STRENGTHS:
 They are providing after sales services anytime and anywhere and 24
hours hot water.
 Qualified trained technicians and service department.
 They are using vacuum tubes assimilate the advanced 12 years of
spattering deposition of trivalent element technology.
 High borosilicate glass, gradual change of SS-c/CU selective complex
absorptive coating.
 They are using high temperature silicon rubber.
 They have very experienced and skilled labours.

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WEAKNESS:
 They have less production capacity.
 They have small area of production.
 Because of small area of production they can‘t produces more solar
power they can produce only limited solar power per week, per month
etc…
 This system has high capital and transaction cost.
 They have number of orders from the all over India but they can
produce only limited solar they can’t produce more than their capacity.
OPPORTUNITIES:
 They can take support of government because government is providing
so many new schemes and subsidies for the business expansion.
 This can be considering as the best opportunity to expand the business.
 Solar energy is the traditional system but now-a-days the idea of the grid
parity system is being used which cost is very less in comparison of solar
energy.
 The demand of solar plant is increasing day to day in the foreign
countries.
 The demand of solar products in US (up 80% over the next 18 months.)
 Japan, china, India, Germany, Italy, UK, is growing quite fast.

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THREATS:
 New entrance in the same industry with new technology.
 Replacement of the products can be the major threat for the solar.
 In correlation with different advancements sun based vitality age is
costly, the cost of introducing sunlight based is high among the
distinctive power creating advances.

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COMPETATIVE ENVIRONMENT
 PORTER’S FIVE FORCE ANALYSIS ON SOLAR INDUSTRY

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 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
As far as sustainable power source designers, the cost of innovative work are gigantic and
economies of scale are great to existing organizations and a huge obstruction to new
improvement organizations. A great many companies has gone bankrupt (numerous in spite
of government bailouts) in light of the fact that the cost to pick up balance can eradicate an
organization some time before they turn a benefit. To be reasonable in the vitality
advancement industry, organizations need to come in on a huge scale.
This makes it simpler for built up industry monsters to fight off new participants and keep
up control of piece of the overall industry. Estimate isn't really the best preferred standpoint
or drawback to entering the improvement business. Frequently the organization with the
best access for crude materials through associations or land area can keep up a dependable
balance because of the cost points of interest. As far as the sun oriented vitality industry for
private clients, the boundaries of passage have been decreased and an ever increasing
number of organizations have possessed the capacity to get to reasonable supplies to set up
housetop sun powered organizations. This drives the private sun based industry value rivalry
down.
The main four private sun powered assembling organizations claim 20% of the piece of the
overall industry. This permits more adaptable evaluating for new sunlight based vitality
organizations when contrasted with the breeze business where the best organizations
possess a fundamentally more elevated amount of piece of the overall industry.
Threat Level- Medium
 THREAT OF RIVALS
The aggressive scene in the sustainable power source industry contrasts definitely by nation
and area. The development rate of businesses can be a huge factor in rivalry, and the
sustainable power source industry is developing like insane thus driving value rivalry.

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The level of competition is down as an ever increasing number of organizations are entering
the sun based market. Item separation can be hard to accomplish with vitality. Aggressive
grating between organizations is driven by government venture and national speculation as
organizations and nations endeavour to pick up a toehold in the business.
Rivalry is becoming wild among private sun based as new organizations immerge because of
the expansion in housetop sun oriented from buyers. Measurements have just
demonstrated that the US sunlight based market is set for a record breaking quarter this
year. It's sheltered to state that opposition is expanding at a similar level.
Threat Level- Medium
 THREAT OF BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
All in all the haggling energy of shoppers is genuinely low in the sustainable power source
advancement advertise. Exchanging costs are genuinely low for a client in the position to
shop vitality suppliers. The wrinkle in this investigation is the long haul gets that are
regularly accessible with home heavenly bodies. In the event that a client has gone into a
Power Purchase Agreement, an advance alternative, or rent choice for sun powered, these
assertions can be for 20-30 years.
A client that has bought a nearby planetary group or marked a 20 year contract concurrence
with sun oriented vitality organization is basically bound to their rates and their supplier
organization unless they need to pay a tremendous punishment or purchase a whole new
framework. For these clients, exchanging costs are to a great degree high. Because of sun
powered vitality growing lately, new clients have theadvantage of compelling sunlight based
organizations to bring down their costs and be more aggressive to address client's issues,
yet the power is still truly low.
Threat Level- Low
 THREAT OF BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
A great deal of sun based vitality organizations and sustainable power source organizations
contribute a considerable measure of cash on costly particular gear utilized as a part of
giving their administrations. These ventures make the changing expenses to new providers
greatly high. Notwithstanding new exchanging costs a considerable measure of procedures

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are benefit identified with existing gear so exchanging can't be an accessible choice now and
again.
In many cases the particular innovation and segments have vast lead times rolling out it
particularly hard to improvement providers. Because of these conditions, the dealing energy
of providers is to a great degree high for sustainable power source organizations.
Threat Level-High
 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
The conspicuous substitution for sustainable power source would be power created from
petroleum derivative or atomic power stations. Sustainable power source is ending up
increasingly reasonable for shoppers and is at long last at the point where it can really
accomplish framework equality and spare customer’s cash, yet truly sustainable power
source has been significantly more costly than elective substitutes. The monetary
advantages of sustainable power source substitutes make this the most extreme risk level in
the business.

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PRODUCT
 BRIEF ABOUT SELECTED PRODUCTS
On-Grid Solar
Definition: On-Grid Systems are solar PV systems that only generate power
when the utility power grid is available. They must connect to the grid to
function. They can send excess power generated back to the grid when you
are overproducing so you credit it for later use.
Benefits: These are simplest systems and the most cost effective to
install. These systems will pay for themselves by offsetting utility bills in 3-8
yrs.
Downside: These do not provide power during a grid outage.
Conclusion: They are simple enough that you can install it yourself in a
weekend with a friend. They are cost effective enough to pay for themselves
and put money in your pocket long term. If you want to reduce your electric
bill and your carbon footprint this is a good choice.

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Residential Solar Cells & Panels
Probably the most important part of a residential solar energy system is the
solar panel (sometimes also referred to as 'module'). These are comprised of
individual solar cells connected together, in a series, to produce a higher
voltage. The solar panels themselves can also be wired in conjunction with
one-another, called an array, to produce even more power. In simple terms, a
solar cell captures the sun rays and transfers that electricity to be immediately
used by a device or to be stored in a battery for later use. The amount of
power that a panel can capture varies by the material they are constructed
from and is very dependent on environmental conditions such as amount of
sunlight and position of panels relative to it. They can be placed in a fixed
position or motorized to track the suns movement.

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Solar Powered Batteries
A solar charger employs solar energy to supply electricity to devices or
charge batteries. They are generally portable. Solar chargers can charge lead
acid or Ni-Cd battery banks up to 48 V and hundreds of ampere-hours (up to
4000 Ah) capacity.
Most portable chargers can obtain energy from the sun only. Some, including
the Kinesis K3, and GeNNex Solar Cell 2 can work either way (recharged by the
sun or plugged into a wall plug to charge up). Examples of solar chargers in
popular use include:
 Small portable models designed to charge a range of different mobile
phones, cell phones, iPods or other portable audio equipment.
 Fold out models designed to sit on the dashboard of an automobile and
plug into the cigar/12v lighter socket to keep the battery topped up while
the vehicle is not in use.
 Flashlights/torches, often combined with a secondary means of charging,
such as a kinetic (hand crank generator) charging system.
 Public solar chargers permanently installed in public places, such as parks,
squares and streets, which anyone can use for free.

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 JUSTIFICATION FOR EXPORTING SOLAR PRODUCTS
• Japan as being the second largest developed county in the world requires
the huge amount of energy for its overall development.
• Japan relies on oil imports and nuclear energy to meet countries energy
needs.
• Like fossil fuels, nuclear fuels are nonrenewable energy resources. And if
there is an accident, large amounts of radioactive material could be
released into the environment. In addition, nuclear waste remains
radioactive and is hazardous to health for thousands of years.
• Thus solar energy is one of the best source of energy which does not have
disadvantages like other sources of energies in Japan.
• The best way to generate solar energy is by using solar panels to generate
electricity which can be used to meet energy needs.
• Japan's solar firms are quitting the industry, because both solar and wind
sectors are struggling as insufficient capital, poor sales, and poor cost
competitiveness plague the industries.
• So it is a great opportunity for us to enter into new market and expand our
business.
• As Japanese solar firms are facing problems to survive into market, we can
sell the products as cheaper price and can capture the market.

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 IMPORT EXPORT NORMS
IMPORT EXPORT PROCESS
HSN CODE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
76151012 Solar collectors
85414011 Solar cells whether or not assembled in
modules or panels
854140 Photosensitive semi-conductor devices
including photo voltaic cells whether or
not assembled in modules or made up
into panels; light-emitting diodes (led)
94055040 Solar lanterns or lamps
85437092 Equipment Or Gadgets Based On Solar
Energy
* The ITC (HS) codes for which a * is marked will get MEIS rewards @2% for exports to Japan
 Import Export Code (IEC Code) is assuming critical part for the Importers and
Exporters in India. So after your Firm Registration or Company Registration you need
to dependably apply for the IEC Code.
 Import Export Code (IEC) is a 10 digit code which has changeless legitimacy and is
issued by Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), Ministry of Commerce and
Industries, Government of India. Without this code, any individual or substance can't
do send out import business in India. Albeit following substance or individual are not
required to acquire IEC:
 One who is exporting or importing goods for personal use and not for business
manufacture or agriculture.
 One who is exporting or importing from or to Nepal or Myanmar which should not
exceed Rs 25,000 in single assignment and should be through Indo-Myanmar border
areas
 Ministries or the department of central government or state government

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APPLY FOR IMPORT EXPORT CODE (IEC CODE)
Step 1: You have to file an application in Aayaat Niryaat Form 2A (ANF 2A) format to the
Regional Authority of the DGFT in whose jurisdiction your registered office is situated.
Step 2: Following documents are required for IEC application:
1. Aayaat Niryaat Form which is duly filed
2. Bank Receipt /Demand Draft details as evidence of payment of application fee of
Rs. 500/-. DD drew in favour of Zonal DGFT.
3. Certificate from the applicant firm’s banker in the format specified.
4. Self-certified copy of Permanent Account Number (PAN) issued by Income Tax
Authorities. (Only one IEC is issued against one PAN no.)
5. Two copies of passport size photographs of the applicant. The photograph on the
banker’s certificate should be attested by the banker of the applicant.
6. Self-addressed envelope duly stamped for Rs.15/-(for Local Address) & Rs.20/- (for
Outstation).
7. Address proof of the applicant firm / individual.
8. Details of Partners / Director / Proprietor / Trustee & their complete details, List of
branches, registered office, Head office, and factory located in India & abroad with
contact details.
9. In case of Limited companies (both Private and Public Ltd.):
1. Extract of Board Resolution in favour of the applicant.
2. Memorandum of Association along with Certificate of Incorporation.
3. Form 32 in the case of change of Directors and Form 18 in the case of change of
registered office-whichever applicable.
10. In case of Partnership firm:
1. Notarized Partnership Deed showing the date of formation of the firm.
2. No Objection Certificate from other Partners/HUF.
Step 3: You can download the application form from gov.in and search for “Application
Form for/ Issue Importer Exporter Code Number (IEC)” or use this linkor can obtain a form
from any regional offices of DGFT.
Step 4: You can submit the filled application with all required document to your regional
DGFT office or you can post it to the regional DGFT office.
Step 5: You will be given a file number and you can use it to check the status of your
application on dgft.gov.

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 SUPPORTING INSTITUTES TO FACILITATE EXPORT/IMPORT
Ministry of renewable energy is a ministry of the government of the India. The ministry is
currently headed by R.K Singh, a minister of state-in charge. The ministry was established as
the ministry of Non-conventional energy sources (MNES) in 1992. It adopted its current
name in October 2006.
The ministry is mainly responsible for research and development, intellectual property
protection, and international cooperation, promotion, and coordination in renewable
energy sources such as wind power, small hydro, biogas, and solar power. The broad aim of
the ministry is to develop and deploy new and renewable energy for supplementing the
energy requirements of India.
THE MINISTRY HAS FOLLOWING SPECIALIZED INSTITUTIONS
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SOLAR ENERGY (NISE):
National institute of solar energy, an institution of ministry of renewable energy, is
the apex national R&D institute in the field of solar energy. The Government of India
has converted 25 years old solar energy center under MNRE to an autonomous
institute is September 2013 to assist the ministry in implementing the national solar
mission and to coordinate the research.
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WIND ENERGY (NIWE):
National institute of wind energy has been established in Chennai in the year 1998,
as an autonomous R&D institution by the ministry of renewable energy (MNRE),
Government of India. It is knowledge based institution of high quality and
dedication, offers services and seeks to find complete solutions for the kinds of
difficulties and improvements in the entire spectrum of the wind energy sector by
carrying out further research. NIWE is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.

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 SARDAR SWARAN SINGH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIO- ENERGY (SSS-
NIBE):
SSS-NIBE is an autonomous institution of the ministry of renewable energy.
Government of India spread over a sprawling campus of about 75 acres, the institute
is marching towards development into a global center of excellence in the Bio-
Energy. The objectives of the institute are to carry out and facilitate research,
designs, development, testing, standardization & technology demonstration
eventually leading to commercialization of RD & D output with a focus on bio-
energy, bio-fuels and synthetic fuels in solid, liquids and gaseous forms for
transportation, portable and stationary applications, development of
hybrid/integrated energy energy system to undertake and facilitate human resource
development at all levels including postdoctoral research. It is located in Kapurthala
(Punjab).
 INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (IREDA):
IREDA is a Non-Banking financial institution under the administrative control of this
ministry for providing term loans for renewable energy and energy efficiency
projects.
 SOLAR ENERGY CORPORATION OF INDIA (SECI):
SECI is a CPSU under the administrative control of the ministry of new and
renewable Energy (MNRE), set up on 20th
sept 2011 to facilitate the implementation
of JNNSM and achievement of targets set therein. It is the only CPSU dedicated to
the solar energy sector. It was originally incorporated as a section-25 (not for profit)
company under the companies Act, 1956.

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 MODES OF ENTRY INTO FOREIGN MARKET
They are basically five modes entry into foreign market. They are as follows:
1. EXPORTING
Charge empower autonomous organizations to hold to their present model and item
offering, while in the meantime sending stock into a remote market for scattering.
Because of its simplicity of execution and its low level of danger for business
visionaries, appropriately conveying is central and fundamental sorts of segment into
outside business divisions for privately owned businesses all through the world.
2. ACCQUISTION
It is mode through which one gets the fast passage in the outside market in contrasted
with different modes. Organizations are utilizing obtaining mode as a technique
through which it can get the biggest and the speediest extension in the earlier stage in
the worldwide market.
It has turned out to be exceptionally well - known method of passage in to the remote
markets as it accomplishes the market control. Piece of the pie likewise specifically
influence the market energy of the organization. It additionally builds up the center
abilities of organization and to pick up the upper hand in the market.
3. LICENSING
It is also known as franchising. It is mode through which one can run the well -
established business to enter in to international market instead of starting a new -
business. It requires a permission of a company to manufacture goods or offer services
by using its name. The fixed amount of commission has to be given to the company
whose name is will be used for business. Licensing cuts off many expenses and avail
more benefits. Before starting the business the person have to take the constant
training to manage the operations similarly the company operates at different laces.

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4. JOINT VENTURES
It is mode through which one gets the fast passage in the outside market in contrasted
with different modes. Organizations are utilizing obtaining mode as a technique
through which it can get the biggest and the speediest extension in the earlier stage in
the worldwide market.
It has turned out to be exceptionally well - known method of passage in to the remote
markets as it accomplishes the market control. Piece of the pie likewise specifically
influence the market energy of the organization. It additionally builds up the center
abilities of organization and to pick up the upper hand in the market.
5. EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES
For advancing and creating work, the outside government has set up various zones as
an impetus. These zones are built up inside the creating nations. To advance financial
development, these zones help by giving motivating forces and a boundary free
condition by drawing in the remote ventures for trading. The quantity of zones and the
organizations working in the zones are expanding and furthermore developing quickly.
The mindfulness with respect to the parts of Export Processing Zone is less among the
general population and that is the reason inquire about on it is going on. These zones
likewise give distinctive projects at better places for expanding the financial
development of nations.

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 PACKAGING AND LABELLING NORMS IN JAPAN
Packaging
The Customs services are very particular about the quality of packaging and labeling. Correct
packing, marking, and labeling are critical to smooth customs clearance in Japan. Generally,
labeling for most imported products is not required at the customs clearance stage, but at
the point of sale. Consequently, it is common for a Japanese importer to affix a label to an
imported product after it has cleared customs. Packing in straw is prohibited in Japan.
Languages Permitted on Packaging and Labeling:
 Japanese
 English
 French
Unit of Measurement:
All imported goods as well as transport documents must show metric units of measurement
and weight.
Mark of Origin "Made In":
It is not mandatory, except in the case of foodstuffs and drinks.
Labeling Requirements: No specific requirements.
Specific Regulations:
Japanese legislation provides specific labeling rules for certain foodstuffs and textile
products, electrical appliances and consumer goods. The regulations are not effective when
going through Customs. The necessary information must therefore be added between the
moment of importing and that of putting the product on the market.


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 SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS
The inventory network comprises elements of all the community oriented bodies at various
levels working in close co-appointment with regular enthusiasm to accomplish most
elevated amount of fulfilment amid change of crude material to completed items and
therefore its conveyance to end clients; and the other way around in the event of invert
store network. The administration of the connections of this production network and their
capacities to guarantee best, provoke and ideal use of the assets and administrations are
known as Supply Chain Management SCM.
SCM manages the co-appointment and coordinated effort among the taking an interest
bodies viz. provider, strategic specialist organization, producer, maintainer, channel
accomplices and so forth required into the procedure of change of crude material into
completed items and along these lines giving administrations to guarantee appropriate
capacity and transfer of the item.

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SOLAR POWER SUPPLY CHAIN:
Polysilicon
Ingot
Wafer
Cell
Module
Installation

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 Polysilicon:
A silicon raw material which is melted and re-casted to remove impurities.
 Ingot:
The cast silicon, which is stabilized in its polycrystalline from. These casts are called ingots
and are cut into blocks.
 Wafer:
The ingots are sliced into wafers. P-type and n-type silicon wafers are produced depending
on the sliced silicon.
 Solar Cell:
Also known as PV (Photovoltaic) cell. Electrodes are attached to the wafers for conducting
electricity.
 Solar Module:
Used to increase the power output. Many solar cells are connected together to form
modules, which are further assembled into larger units called arrays. This module nature of
PV enables designers to build PV systems with various power outputs for different types of
applications.
 System and Installation:
An installation involves components apart from the basic module. Components include
electrical connections, mounting hardware, power conditioning equipment and batteries
that store solar energy. Installations are up to 25% cheaper if installed before construction.

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 MARKET ANALYSIS AND MARKETING PLAN
(INDIA & JAPAN)
 SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING IN JAPAN:
Segmentation, targeting and positioning together comprise a three stage process.
1) Determine which kinds of customers exist,
2) Select which ones we are best off trying to serve and
3) Implement our segmentation by optimizing our products/services for that
segment and communicating that we have made the choice to distinguish ourselves
that way.
1) Segmentation:
Segmentation involves finding out what kinds of consumers with different needs
exist. In solar energy for example, customer need more affordable and reasonable
solar power with the good quality and service. Majority of the customer’s needs
better services.
Demographic variables essentially refer to personal statistics such as income,
gender, education, location, ethnicity and family size.
Some consumers want to be seen as similar to others, while a different segment
wants to stand apart from the crowd.
2) Target:
In the next step, we decide to target one or more segments. Our choice should
generally depend on several factors. First, how we all are existing segments served
by other manufactures? It will be more difficult to appeal to a segment that is
already well served than to one whose needs are not currently being served well.
Secondly, how large is the segment, and how can we expect it to grow? Thirdly, do
we have strengths as a company that will help us appeal particularly to one group of
consumers? Firms may already have an established reputation.
Here the main target would be residential as well as industrialist consumers who
will install rooftop solar panel to generate solar energy in much cheaper price.

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3) Positioning:
Positioning involves implementing our targeting. Operationally excellent
firms, which maintain a strong competitive advantage by maintaining exceptional
efficiency, thus enabling the firm to provide reliable service to the customer at a
significantly lower cost than those of less well organized and well organized and well
run competitors. The emphasis here is mostly on low cost, subject to reliable
performance, and less value is put on customizing the offering for the specific
customer.

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• Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning in India:
Today, Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning (STP) is a natural key approach in Modern
Marketing. It is a standout amongst the most normally connected promoting models by and
by. In our survey getting some information about the most prevalent promoting model it is
the second most famous, just beaten by the revered SWOT/TWOS framework.
Segmentation, targeting, and positioning together comprise a three stage process.
We first,
(1) Determine which kinds of customers exist, then
(2) Select which ones we are best off trying to serve and, finally,
(3) Implement our segmentation by optimizing our products/services for that
segment and communicating that we have made the choice to distinguish ourselves that
way.

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Division includes discovering what sorts of customers with various requirements
exist. In the auto showcase, for instance, a few purchasers request speed and execution,
while others are substantially more worried about spaciousness and security. When all is
said in done, it remains constant that "You can't be everything to all individuals," and
experience has exhibited that organizations that work in addressing the necessities of one
gathering of shoppers over another have a tendency to be more beneficial.
Positioning involves implementing our targeting. For example JAY GAJANAND ENERGIES is
providing very good services to their customers. They are providing 24/7 services at
anywhere in India to their customers. This is how this company differs from another
company.

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PRODUCT
We as a manufacturer, supplier and exporter of the solar panel system are delighted to
propound several ranges of the solar products that can facilitate you to reduce the huge
energy bills and also help you to join the solar conversation campaign. The provided gamut
of the solar products is devised in house and also tested in house against several quality
measures former to pack for dispatching and hence are guaranteed of the highest quality
and outstanding performance for a long year. The solar products conform to the set
international quality standards and hence are out performing at the user end.
SOLAR PANELS:
Solar Powered Batteries

38
PRICE
In a context of globalization with a free competition, the consumers, as well professionals
than individuals, are confronted with the analysis of the important differences between the
prices of the products and the services. The fact that consumers become more concerned
by the sustainable development reinstates the notion of “fair price”. Pricing is a critical
element of the marketing mix, according to Prakash. He also adds that the rational
customers often want the benefits of a cleaner environment without directly paying for
them. However the Queensland Government, Ottoman and Prakash claim that at the same
price, quality, performance and place, the consumer will choose the product with
environmental qualities. Indeed, consumers expect green products to function as effectively
as non-green products and will not pay much extra or sacrifice quality for greener products.
Prakash also notices that if a firm can add green attributes to a product at low costs it gives
a competitive advantage. .
Product Price
Solar Panel 10-260Wp ¥300-1000/Wp
Solar Battery ¥31000/Kw
On Grid Solar System 1000-10000Wp ¥110/Wp

39
PLACE
The decision of the location of the sale of the product, where the company will make it
available for the public will have a huge impact on the interest of the consumers. Even if a
customer is very much interested in the purchasing of a green product, he will generally not
agree to do extra kilometers for it. “Marketers looking to successfully introduce new green
products should, in most cases, position them broadly in the market place so they are not
just appealing to a small green niche market.” An obvious link must also be visible between
the image the brand wants to show and the location.
The location is also a good way to differentiate from the competitors. It is essential for a
company to have an attractive location, an attractive store with quality displays, promotions
inside the store. The use of environmental friendly materials inside the store is also
recommended. An ecological store is consistent with an ecological product and will
reinforce the “green feeling” of the consumer.
PROMOTION
As per reports available in different media, the installed Solar power generation capacity in
countries like China, United States of America, Japan and Spain is in the range of 5,000–
8,500 MW, while it is over 16,000 MW in Italy and over 32,000 MW in Germany. In
comparison, the installed solar power generation capacity in India has reached around 2,100
MW as on October 2013, most of which has been set up during the last three years after the
Mission was launched and is on the increase.

40
4 P’S OF MARKETING IN INDIA
Product
The critical thing to recollect when offering menu things to clients is that they have a
decision. They have countless of spending their cash and places to spend it. Along these
lines, McDonald's places significant accentuation on building up a menu which clients need.
Statistical surveying builds up precisely what this is. In any case, clients' prerequisites
change after some time. What is stylish and appealing today might be disposed of
tomorrow. Promoting persistently screens clients' inclinations.
Price
The client's impression of significant worth is a critical determinant of the cost charged.
Clients draw their own psychological picture of what an item is worth. An item is in excess of
a physical thing, it additionally has mental undertones for the client. The risk of utilizing low
cost as a showcasing device is that the client may feel that quality is being traded off. It is
imperative when settling on cost to be completely mindful of the brand and its
trustworthiness. A further outcome of value lessening is that contenders coordinate costs
bringing about no additional request. This implies the overall revenue has been diminished
without expanding deals.
PROMOTION
The advancements part of the advertising blend covers a wide range of showcasing
correspondences. The strategies incorporate publicizing, here and there known as 'over the
line' action. Publicizing is directed on TV, radio, silver screen, on the web, publication locales
and in the press (daily papers, magazines). What recognizes publicizing from other

41
promoting interchanges is that media proprietors are paid before the promoter can
consume room in the medium. Other limited time strategies incorporate deals
advancements, purpose of offer show, promoting, post office based mail, telemarketing,
presentations, classes, dedication plans, entryway drops, exhibits, and so on.
The aptitude in advertising interchanges is to build up a battle which utilizes a few of these
strategies in a way that gives the best outcomes. For instance, TV promoting makes
individuals mindful of a nourishment thing and press publicizing gives more detail. This
might be bolstered by in store advancements to motivate individuals to attempt the item
and a collectable limited time gadget to urge them to continue purchasing the thing. It is
basic that the messages conveyed bolster each other and don't confound clients. A careful
comprehension of what the brand speaks to is the way to a steady message.
Place
Place in the marketing mix, is not just about the physical location or distribution points for
products. It encompasses the management of a range of processes elaborate in bringing
products to the end consumer.

42
 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
CRM is the technique/e for building, overseeing and fortifying steadfast and dependable
client connections. CRM is a client driven approach in view of client knowledge. Its definitive
goal is toward 'Customized' treatment of clients as particular elements through the ID and
comprehension of their separated needs, inclinations and practices. A couple of more
definitions which illuminate CRM idea are –
As per Philip Kotler, CRM is the procedure of painstakingly overseeing definite data about
individual clients and all client 'touch focuses' to boost client unwaveringness.
It can likewise be portrayed as a business technique included process, authoritative and
specialized change to better oversee business around client practices.
TYPES OF CRM USED:
1. Operation CRM – In this, CRM programming bundles are utilized to track and
productively arrange inbound and outbound communications with clients
including the administration of showcasing efforts and call focuses.
Operational CRM underpins forefront forms in deals, showcasing and client
benefit, computerizing correspondences and connections with the clients.

43
They record contact history and store profitable client data to guarantee a
predictable photo of client's association that can be recovered by staff
according to prerequisite. The real advantages of operational CRM to solar
industry are:
 Sales Force Automation
 Customer Service and Support
 Enterprise Marketing Automation
2. Analytical CRM – It is tied in with dissecting client data to better address
promoting and client benefit goals and convey the correct message to the
correct client at the ideal time through the correct channel. It includes the
utilization of information examination to separate learning for improving
client connections.
The major benefits of Analytical CRM to solar industry are:
a) Customer Retention
b) Fraud Detection
c) Optimizing marketing efforts as per customer life time value
d) Credit Risk Analysis
e) Segmentation and targeting
f) Development of customized new products matching the specific preferences
and priorities of customers

44
BALANCE SHEET
Assets 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15
Current Assets
Cash 2,211,874 2,011,874 1,921,874
Accounts receivable 1,905,846 1,805,800 1,710,680
Inventory 1,518,023 1,410,069 1,519,554
Prepaid expenses 243,096 263,006 100,500
Short-term investments 500,000 500,000 400,000
Total current assets 6,378,839 5,990,749 5,652,608
Fixed (Long-Term) Assets
Long-term investments 900,000 900,000 1,000,000
Property, plant, and equipment 2,100,000 2,000,000 2,400,000
(Less accumulated depreciation) -229,600 -215,600 -250,000
Intangible assets
Total fixed assets 2,770,400 2,684,400 3,150,000
Other Assets
Total Assets 9,149,239 8,675,149 8,802,608
Liabilities and Owner's Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable 1,500,000 1,300,000 1,500,000
Short-term loans 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,100,000
Income taxes payable 31,400 30,250 32,200
Accrued salaries and wages 96,000 93,500 94,500
Unearned revenue
Current portion of long-term debt 500,000
Total current liabilities 3,127,400 2,423,750 2,726,700
Long-Term Liabilities
Long-term debt 121,450
Deferred income tax
Total long-term liabilities 121,450
-
Owner's Equity
Owner's investment 5,500,000 5,500,000 5,500,000
Retained earnings 400,389 751,399 575,908
Other
Total owner's equity 5,900,389 6,251,399 6,075,908
Total Liabilities and Owner's Equity 9,149,239 8,675,149 8,802,608

45
INCOME STATEMENT
Revenue 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15
Sales revenue 9,800,000 8,500,000 7,500,000
(Less sales returns and allowances)
Service revenue 200,000 152,000 150,000
Interest revenue 25,000 25,000 25,000
Other revenue
Total Revenues 10,025,000 8,677,000 7,675,000
Expenses
Advertising 100,000 100,000 100,000
Bad debt 25,000 35,000 45,000
Commissions 5,000 6,000 4,000
Cost of goods sold 4,550,000 3,530,000 4,560,000
Depreciation 229,600 215,600 250,000
Employee benefits 40,000 35,000 25,000
Interest Expense 450,000 400,000 400,000
Insurance 200,000 200,000 200,000
Office Expense 4,200 5,200 6,000
Salaries and wages 250,000 230,000 250,000
Total Expenses 5,853,800 4,756,800 5,840,000
Net Income Before Taxes 4,171,200 3,920,200 1,835,000
Income tax expense 14,936 9,920 4,590
Income from Continuing Operations 4,156,264 3,910,280 1,830,410
Net Income 4,156,264 3,910,280 1,830,410

46
BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS
Break-even Point is in general the point at which the gains equal the losses .A break-even point
defines when an investment will generate a positive return. The point where sales or revenues
equal expenses or also the point where total costs equal total revenues. There is no profit made
or loss incurred at the breakeven point. This is important for anyone that manages a business
since the breakeven point is the lower limit of profit when prices are set and margins are
determined.
Achieving breakeven today does not return the losses occurred in the past. Also it does not
build up are serve for future losses. And finally it does not provide are turn on your investment
(the reward for exposure to risk).
The breakeven method can be applied to a product, an investment or the entire company's
operations and is also used in the options world. In options the break-even point is the market
price that a stock must reach for option buyers to avoid a loss if they exercise. For a call, it is the
strike price plus the premium paid. For a put, it is the strike price minus the premium paid.
The break-even point analysis must not be mistaken for the payback period the time it takes to
recover an investment.
In value based management terms a breakeven point should be defined as the Operating Profit
margin level at which the business/investment is earning exactly the minimum acceptable Rate
of Return, that is, its total cost of capital.

47
Break-even Point calculation
Calculation of the BEP can be done using the following formula:
BEP =TFC/ (SUP-VCUP)
Where:
 BEP = Break-Even Point (units of production)
 TFC = Total Fixed Costs,
 VCUP = Variable Costs Per Unit of Production,
 SUP = Selling Price/Per Unit of Production

48
BENEFITS OF BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
The main advantage of break-even an analysis is that it explain the relationship
between cost, production volume and returns. It can be extended to show how changes
in fixed cost-variable cost relationships, in commodity prices, or in revenues, will affect
profit levels and break-even points. Break-even analysis is most useful when used with
partial budgeting or capital budgeting techniques. The major benefit it to using break-
even analyses is that it indicates the lowest amount of business activity necessary to
prevent losses.
LIMITATIONS OF BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
 It is best suited to the analysis of one product at a time;
 It may be difficult to classify a cost as all variable or all fixed; and
 There may be a tendency to continue to use a breakeven analysis after the cost
and income functions have changed.

49
 PRODUCT PRICE FIXATION
Solar Panel:
In India:
Average Selling Price : Rs.30/Wp
Cost of production : Rs.17/Wp
Cost of production of 250 watt panel: 17*250 = Rs.4250
In Japan:
Average Selling Price : ¥ 45/Wp
Selling price of 250 watt panel : 45*250 = ¥11250
If we convert it into rupee : Rs.6750
Transportation Cost from India to Japan:
One 40 Ft. Container = Average = $500
If 500 panels are exported at a time, then
Total cost of production and transportation will be as follows:
Production cost + Transportation cost = 2125000 + 33500
= 2158500
Selling Price = ¥11250
For 500 panels = ¥5625000
Profit = Selling price – Production Cost
= ¥5625000 - ¥3453600
= ¥2171400

50
Solar Batteries:
In India:
Average Selling Price : Rs.63000 for 5 KW
Cost of production : Approx Rs.40000
In Japan:
Average Selling Price : ¥ 32800/kWh
Selling price of 5kWh battery : ¥164000
On Grid Solar System:
In India,
Average Selling Price : Rs.34/Wp
For 5000 Wp Capacity : Rs. 170000
In Japan,
Average Selling Price : ¥100/Wp
For 5000 Wp Capacity : ¥500000

52
PPR-1
 Overview of Japan:
 Japan is situated in west of the Pacific Ocean.
 It is one of the most developed country of the world.
 Currency used in Japan is Yen.
 Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
 Shinzo Abe is the current Prime Minister of Japan.
Main Industries of Japan
 Motor Vehicles
 Automobiles
 Electronic Equipment’s
 Machine Tools
 Chemical Textiles
 Japan Distribution System
Natural resources in Japan
Land of Japan is not blessed with the natural resources.
Japan is the world’s largest importer of coal and Liquefied Petroleum gas.
It is also second largest importer of gas.
Energy industry in Japan:
Japan right now creates around 10% of its power from sustainable source. Japan lacks
significant domestic reserves of fossil fuel except coal and imported substantial amount
of crude oil, natural gas and uranium.
Renewable energy:
 Hydroelectricity
 Geothermal energy
 Photovoltaic electricity

53
 Wind energy
 Waste and biomass energy
 Ocean energy
SOLAR ENERGY COMPANIES OF JAPAN
 Eurus Energy
 Kodenshi AUK Group
 Kyocera
 Sanyo
 Sharp Corporation
 Sharp Solar
 Solar Frontier
SOLAR ENERGY COMPANIES OF GUJARAT
 Adani
 Essar
 Torrent
 Suzlon
 Torrent
 Reliance Power
 Tata Power
As Japan is having crisis of natural resources while land of Lakshadweep is
having sufficient natural resources there would be good trade
opportunities.

54
PPR-2
COMPARTAVIE ANALYSIS OF STEEPLED BETWEEN JAPAN AND GUJARAT
ON ENERGY INDUSTRY
JAPAN GUJARAT
SOCIAL People are more educated and
developed culture regarding new
era.
Compare to japan culture is less
developed.
TECHNOLOGICAL Very high technology use
especially in energy industry.
Gujarat adopted and
implemented many advance
technologies.
ECONOMICAL This investigation utilizes
advancement displaying to
ponder capable approaches to
incorporate sustainable power
source frameworks to give power
and warmth in rustic Japan.
Sustainable power source
industry had risen as the support
of the market in Gujarat with
awesome chances of assembling
and making vast scale
sustainable power source age
plants.
ENIVRONMENTAL With a distinct true objective line
to contribute about staying alert
about the common issues.
Sustainable power basis industry
had increased as the funding of
the bazaar in Gujarat.
POLITICAL Reform of Japan’s energy supply
system (renewable energy) - the
energy industry, energy market
and energy regulations.
Political scenario of Gujarat
presents best opportunity for
Renewable Energy industry to
prosper.

55
LEGAL Sustainable power source law is a
specific sort of energy law, and
relates fundamentally to the
value-based legitimate.
Energy is fundamental to
country's economy. The
objective of this flagship
program is to fill research gaps in
Energy law & Policy and further
to contribute and promote the
intellectual depth of the debate
and policy developments on
Energy matters.
ETHICAL Energy changes raise significant
questions of ethics and fairness.
Japanese cases and their use in
the development of ethics
education in Japan.
Ethical and Fair Business
practices have put Gujarat on
the global map.
DEMOGRAPHIC
FACTOR
The statistic highlights of the
number of inhabitants in Japan
incorporate populace thickness,
ethnicity, and instruction level,
strength of the people, monetary
status, religious affiliations and
different angles with respect to
the populace.
The number of inhabitants in the
Gujarat State was 50,671,017.
Gujarat Population Census Data
2011 demonstrate that Gujarat
has Total Population 6.03 Crores.
Education rate is high. Its official
and essential dialect is Gujarati.

56
SWOT ANALSIS
STRENGHTS
1. Ethical business practices
2. Employee friendly work culture and personnel
policies
3. Efficient production process of plants
4. Fully integrated project management system
5. Over 25 years of experience in the sector
6. Backing of Gujarat Government
WEAKNESS
1.Localized presence, less diversification
2. Depleting input materials sources
3.Out dated plants urgently needed investments for
modernization
OPPORTUNITIES
1.Huge demand and supply gap
2.Large opportunity in energy consultancy service
3.New sources of power generations
THREATS
1.Rising cost of production
2.Huge competition from subsidized public sector firms
3. New and cleaner sources of power

57
PPR-3
Lakshadweep
 It is situated 200 to 300km west off the coast of the state of Kerala.
 Currency used is Indian rupees.
 Language spoken in Lakshadweep is Malayalam.
 Capital is Kavaratti.
 Population in 2016 was approx. 63000.
SWOT ANALYSIS OF ENERGY INDUSTRY AT LAKSHADWEEP
 STRENGTHS
 Small Island Size
 100% Connectivity of all consumers
 100% Underground Cable network
 WEAKNESSES
 Remote Location
 No interconnectivity within the Islands
 High Cost of New Infrastructure
 No Industrial Share
 High Manpower Requirement
 OPPORTUNITIES
 Efficiency in Billing System
 Efficiency in revenue collection system
 Vast Solar Potential
 Modernization of the utilities and infrastructure

58
 THREATS
 Fund availability from central government
 Lower tariff hike
 Non availability of Broadband connectivity
 FINDINGS IN TERMS OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS:
POINTS JAPAN GUJARAT LAKHSHADWEEP
POPULATION 127.3 Million 66 64,429
CAPITAL Tokyo Gandhinagar Kavaratti
AREA 377 ,972 km 196,024km 32km
OFFICIAL
LANGUAGE
Japanese
Gujarati Malayalam
WEBSITES www.japan.go.jp www.gujaratindia.com lakshadweep.nic.in
NATIONAL
DAY
February 11 15th
August
26th
January
15th
August
26th
January
NATIONAL
ANTHEM Kimigayo Jana GanaMana Jana GanaMana
PRIME
MINISTER
Shinzō Abe
Vijay Rupani(CM)
Shri Farooq Khan
IPS (HA)

59
PPR-4
SWOT ANALYSIS OF SELECTED COMPANY:
STRENGTHS:
 They are providing after sales services anytime and anywhere and 24 hours hot
water.
 Qualified trained technicians and service department.
 They are using vacuum tubes assimilate the advanced 12 years of spattering
deposition of trivalent element technology.
 High borosilicate glass, gradual change of SS-c/CU selective complex absorptive
coating.
 They are using high temperature silicon rubber.
 They have very experienced and skilled labours.
WEAKNESS:
 They have less production capacity.
 They have small area of production.
 Because of small area of production they can‘t produces more solar power they
can produce only limited solar power per week, per month etc…
 This system has high capital and transaction cost.
 They have number of orders from the all over India but they can produce only
limited solar they can’t produce more than their capacity.
OPPORTUNITIES:
 They can take support of government because government is providing so many
new schemes and subsidies for the business expansion.
 This can be considering as the best opportunity to expand the business.
 Solar energy is the traditional system but now-a-days the idea of the grid parity
system is being used which cost is very less in comparison of solar energy.
 The demand of solar plant is increasing day to day in the foreign countries.

60
THREATS:
 New entrance in the same industry with new technology.
 Replacement of the products can be the major threat for the solar.
 In correlation with different advancements sun based vitality age is costly, the
cost of introducing sunlight based is high among the distinctive power creating
advances.
IMPORT EXPORT PROCESS
HSN CODE Product Description
76151012 Solar collectors
85414011 Solar cells whether or not assembled in
modules or panels
854140 Photosensitive semi-conductor devices
including photo voltaic cells whether or not
assembled in modules or made up into
panels; light-emitting diodes (led)
94055040 Solar lanterns or lamps
85437092 Equipment Or Gadgets Based On Solar
Energy

61
PPR-5
THE MINISTRY HAS FIVE SPECIALIZED INSTITUTIONS
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SOLAR ENERGY (NISE):
 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WIND ENERGY (NIWE):
 SARDAR SWARAN SINGH NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIO- ENERGY (SSS-NIBE):
 INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (IREDA):
 SOLAR ENERGY CORPORATION OF INDIA (SECI)
MODES OF ENTRY INTO FOREIGN MARKET
 Exporting
 Acquisition
 Licensing
 Joint Ventures
 Export Processing Zones
PACKAGING AND LABELLING REGULATIONS
All pre-packaged commodities imported into India must carry the
following:
- Name and address of the merchant,
- Nonspecific or basic name of the ware pressed,
- Net amount as far as standard unit of weights and estimation,
- Month and year of pressing in which the ware is produced, stuffed
or imported.
- Languages Permitted on Packaging and Labeling English and/or
Hindi.
 Mark of Origin "Made In"
Not required, except in the case of foodstuffs and drinks and also
where special import duties are claimed.

62
PPR-6

In our research, we have identified there is a good business opportunity to
export solar products in Japan.

As solar and wind sectors are struggling in Japan due to insufficient capital, poor
sales and poor cost competitiveness resulted in shutting down their solar
business.

Also Indian Government is providing many schemes, benefits and subsidies to
promote the export.
 This can be considered as the best opportunity to expand the business.
• The demand of solar plant is increasing day to day in the foreign countries.
• Solar energy is the traditional system but now-a-days the idea of the grid parity
system is being used which cost is very less in comparison of solar energy.

63
FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS
 In our research studies we have identified there is good
business opportunity of solar products in Japan.
 As solar and wind sectors are struggling in Japan due to
insufficient capital , poor sales and poor cost competitiveness
resulted in shutting down their solar businesses.
 Also Indian government is providing many schemes ,benefits
and subsidies to promote the export.
 This will results into the best opportunity to expand the
business.
 Solar energy is the traditional system but now-a-days the idea
of the grid parity system is being used which cost is very less
in comparison of solar energy.
 The demand of solar products are increasing day to day in the
foreign countries.


64
CONCLUSION
The whole project is a nutshell states about the trade relation opportunity between
Japan and India. A solar heater as one of the most prominent product helps to trade
between Japan and India. In Japan in past they dependent on the atomic energy which
resulted in the high acid rain.
With detailed analysis of Japanese culture, government, Indian export rules, Japanese
import rules, trade possibilities etc. and by keeping renewable energy in mind we can
open a new trade door between India and Japan by fulfilling their demands of
renewable energy through a successful export; thus strengthening the relation between
two countries.
Here we intend to start exporting solar products to Japan and we find a great potential
in running this business; after a successful completion and study of the B-plan. We hope
that if the things worked on paper in running this business, gets followed the same way
then we are bound to make a profitable trade with Japan; henceforth increasing our
nation’s foreign revenue.
This project is just one example of a huge trade prospect that is lying for Indian business
house in Japan. It’s also a great opportunity for us to think of flourishing our
entrepreneurial skills by taking our business plans of this project into action.

65
REFERENCES
http://www.solarindiaexpo.com/supports.aspx
https://www.anapode.com/content/On-GridVsOff-Grid
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/india-poised-to-overtake-japan-as-
no3-solar-pv-market-in-2017/article9686112.ece
https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/international-shipments/japan/packaging-and-
standards
https://www.slideshare.net/JackChalice/solar-cell-supply-chain
http://worldfreightrates.com/en/freight

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