This document discusses shipbuilding and port infrastructure in Brazil. It notes that Brazil has 47 shipyards employing 59,000 workers, with 6.2 million DWT under order. The most important ports are listed. Details are provided on some of the largest shipyards and their areas of specialization. The document also discusses port facilities and investments in several ports. Case studies of galvanized structures in ports around the world are presented, showing corrosion protection of 20 years or more. It concludes that galvanized steel could be an important material for Brazilian ports but often a duplex coating system would be needed for the severe marine environments.

1. A galvanização e os
investimentos em
portos
by
Frank Goodwin
William Marques
International Zinc
Association

2. Shipyards in Brazil
January 2012
•47 Shipyards
•11 New yards under
construction
•59,000 workers
directly employed
•6.2 Million DWT order
book
•18 Offshore Oil
Platforms under
construction

3. The most important ports
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
Porto
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
de
Santos – SP
Vitória – ES
Paranaguá – PR
Rio Grande – RS
Rio de Janeiro – RJ
Itajaí – SC
São Sebastião – SP
Itaqui – MA
Aratu – BA
Port of Santos

4. Brazilian Shipyards
DWT under construction

5. Brazilian Shipyards
Today’s Order Book and New
Orders as of January 2012

6. BrasFELS - Angra dos Reis (RJ)
specializes in offshore production
platforms.
Atlantico Sul Shipyard – Suape (PE)
Large crude carriers, offshore platforms
and drill ships

7. Port Facilities

8. Portos e Navios

9. Port of Vancouver, BC
Delta Port- Vancouver’s largest container terminal

10. Delta Port handles the
largest container ships
afloat and features dualhoist gantry cranes – a
first in the Americas along with super postpanamax cranes, 3 berths
and advanced computer
systems.

11. Delta Port – galvanized structures

12. Delta Port – galvanized structures

15. Dredge “Ned Edwards”
Port of New Orleans, USA
Galvanizing
used for
handrails,
stairs,
walkways,
and
platforms

16. Dredge “Ned Edwards”
Port of New Orleans, USA

17. Arbon Marina
Lake Constance, Switzerland

18. Arbon Marina

19. Arbon Marina

20. Bottighofen marina
Lake Constance

21. Bottighofen Marina

22. Bottighofen Marina

23. Galvanized boat trailers at
Bottighofen Marina

24. Bottighofen marina

25. Duplex Coating
• The protection of steel by a layer of
zinc which is overcoated by a nonmetallic coating
• The purpose is to provide
additional corrosion resistance,
easy visibility, camouflage or a
pleasing aesthetic appearance
• Corrosion resistance of a
properly applied duplex coating
can provide corrosion protection
outside the pH or Cl- range
normally acceptable for galvanizing.

26. Why does a Duplex System Work?
• Zinc products of Corrosion far less than RED Rust
• Blistering (corrosion creep) of paint therefore far less
than when it is direct onto steel
• Zinc products of corrosion tend to seal the pours in
the top paint coating
• Results in the “Synergistic effect”, which is:
Duplex Service Life = Factor x (Zn Life + Paint Life)
e.g. Service Life = 1.5 x (9 years + 5 years)
= 21 years to 5% rust

27. Synergistic factors
• Industrial/Marine
1.8 to 2.0
• Sea water (immersion) 1.5 to 1.6
• Non-aggressive climate 2.0 to 2.7
• Paint is not there to protect the zinc, but
zinc is there to support the paint when it
starts to fail!

28. Atmospheric corrosive environments
classified in terms of ISO 9223

29. Galvanized & Painted Weed Bars in a Lock
Location: Delfzijl, The Netherlands
After
17 years,
still
no sign of
rust

30. Specify type and thickness of paint
in accordance with ISO
12944:1998 Part 5 Table A.9

31. S te p 3
* S e le c t a n IS O 1 2 9 4 4 c om plia nt s ys te m
E N IS O 1 2 9 4 4 -5 : 1 9 9 8
T a b le A 9 : P a in t s y s te m s c o rro s iv ity c a te g o rie s C 2 to C 5 -I a n d C 5 -M
S u b s tra te : H o t-d ip -g a lv a n iz e d s te e l¹)
Th e p a in t s ys te m s g ive n in th e fo llo w in g ta b le a re o n ly e xa m p le s ,. O th e r p a in t s ys te m s h a vin g th e s a m e p e rfo rm a n c e
a re p o s s ib le .
If th e s e e xa m p le s a re u s e d , it s h a ll b e e n s u re d th a t th e p a in t s ys te m s c h o s e n co m p ly w ith th e in d ic a te d d u ra b ility w h e n e xe c u tio n o f th e p a in t w o
P a int
S yst em
No
P r i mi ng c o a t ( s )
B ind er 5)
N umb er o f
co at s
T o p c o a t ( s ) ) i nc l ud i ng
i nt e r me d i a t e c o a t ( s ) )
NDFT
-
S9 .0 1
3)
B ind er 5)
-
N umb er o f
co at s
NDFT 3)
T o t al N D F T 3 )
µm
µm
1
µm
80
1
80
12 0
C2
L
1
40
1
80
2
S9 .0 3
1
80
1
80
2
1
80
2
16 0
3
S9 .0 5
-
-
1
80
1
40
1
80
2
12 0
S9 .0 7
1
80
1
80
2
1
80
2
16 0
3
-
-
1
80
1
40
1
80
2
L
M
C 5- I
H
L
M
C 5- M
H
H
L
80
1
C4
H
240
S9 .0 9
M
16 0
S9 .0 8
L
80
1
C3
H
240
S9 .0 6
M
16 0
S9 .0 4
12 0
S9 .0 2
S9 .10
PV C
AY
EP
or
PU R
PV C
AY
1
80
S9 .12
1
80
S9 .13
1
EP
or
PU R 4 )
80
S9 .11
B i nd e r s f o r p r imi ng c o a t ( s )
1
80
2
16 0
3
240
2 -3
240
3 -4
1- p ack
2 - p ack
W at er
b o r ne
p o ssib le
x
AY
= A crylic
x
EP
= Ep o xy
x
PU R
= Po lyur et hane
x
P a i nt s ( l i q ui d )
N o . o f co mp o nent s
1- p ack
PV C
= Po lyvinyl chlo rid e
320
B i nd e r s f o r t o p c o a t ( s )
P a int s ( l iq ui d )
PV C
-
16 0
2
N o o f co mp o nent s
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
E xp ect e d d ur ab ilit y 2 ) 6 )
( s e e 5 . 5 a n d I S O 12 9 4 4 - 1)
P a i nt s y s t e m
= Po lyvinyl chlo r id e
x
AY
= A cr ylic
x
EP
= Po lyur et hane
x
= Ep o xy
PU R
2 - p ack
W at er
b o r ne
p o ssib le
x
x
x
x
x
x
Th e m e ch a n ic a l o r ch e m ica l s u rfa ce p re p a ra tio n re rq u ire d is d e s c rib e d in IS O 1 2 9 4 4 -4 .
Th e d u ra b ility is in th is c a s e re la te d to th e p a in t s ys te m a d h e s io n to th e h o t-d ip -g a lva n ize d s u rfa c e .
N D FT = N o m in a l D ry Film Th ic kn e s s . S e e 5 .4 fo r fu rth e r d e ta ils .
If c o lo u r a n d g lo s s re te n tio n is re q u ire d , it is re c o m m e n d e d th a t th e la s t co a t s h o u ld b e b a s e d o n a lip h a tic P U R .
Fo r e xp la n a tio n o f a b b re via tio n s , s e e fo o t o f ta b le
L ig h t g re y s h a d in g in d ica te s th a t th e p a in t s ys te m s c o n c e rn e d w o u ld n o t n o rm a lly b e u s e d fo r th e s e c o rro s ivity c a te g o rie s .
Th e y a re n o t lis te d in ta b le A.2 a n d /o r A.3 .
H

32. When to paint the
galvanized structure
• Apply the paint system as soon as possible after
galvanizing, after correct pre-treatment
• Weathered galvanizing, which is suitably cleaned, can
provide a satisfactory surface on which to apply paint but
this should only be considered if material is situated on a
site where corrosion is relatively mild and a stable
weathered zinc surface has developed.
• Painting of freshly galvanized structures should never be
deferred in a marine environment where the need to
remove unstable zinc corrosion products, prior to painting,
could render the system less effective.
• Or, apply a suitable primer at this stage, followed by a
compatible top coat on site.

33. Conclusions
• Galvanized steel is not well known, or
much used, in Brazilian ports
• Case studies show this could be an
important market for the galvanizer
• Severe marine climates suggest duplex
coatings may be required to give 20 years
before significant maintenance is required.