The document discusses research that challenges the idea that marijuana is a "gateway drug" that leads to abuse of other substances. A 12-year University of Pittsburgh study found that individuals who used marijuana before alcohol or tobacco were no more likely to develop substance use disorders. Additionally, numerous other studies have failed to find a causal link between marijuana use and later abuse of harder drugs. Factors like personal tastes for altering consciousness and access to dealers of different substances through marijuana networks better explain correlations between marijuana and other drug use. Recent research suggests recreationally used cannabis does not act as a gateway to harder drugs.
The causes and effects of drug addiction circumscribed both the reasons for a person to start using drugs and the aftermath of becoming a addicted. Drug addiction doesn’t pose fragility or flawed self control. It creates a vicious cycle that undeniably precipitates anomaly in the brain, resulting in potent cravings and involuntary inclination prompting to use more drugs.
For immediate help call : (855) 937-7342
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This documents mostly help to student of social work, because drug addiction is a social problem so, social workers have to know that what is reason behind drug abusing and what should be effect of drug abuser on society, how many common types of drug are in our society etc...
This presentation covers about drug abuse and its prevention & the RA 9165. No copyright allowed. Please don't forget to like and write your comments below. Thanks and God Bless!
The causes and effects of drug addiction circumscribed both the reasons for a person to start using drugs and the aftermath of becoming a addicted. Drug addiction doesn’t pose fragility or flawed self control. It creates a vicious cycle that undeniably precipitates anomaly in the brain, resulting in potent cravings and involuntary inclination prompting to use more drugs.
For immediate help call : (855) 937-7342
c25a8u3s9e7s
This documents mostly help to student of social work, because drug addiction is a social problem so, social workers have to know that what is reason behind drug abusing and what should be effect of drug abuser on society, how many common types of drug are in our society etc...
This presentation covers about drug abuse and its prevention & the RA 9165. No copyright allowed. Please don't forget to like and write your comments below. Thanks and God Bless!
Meaning,Types of alcoholism and drug abuse and their explanation, Symptoms, Law, rights and amendments, Addiction vs abuse, Survey, Literature review and future aspect.
Prevention of Substance Use & Abuse (Gateway Drugs - Cigarettes)Jewel Jem
GRADE 9 Lesson on
Prevention of Substance Use & Abuse
and
Gateway Drugs (focusing on Cigarettes)
Cigarettes
Contents of Cigarettes
Risks and Other factors :)
There is an epademic of cocaine and other drugs use in our schools. This presentation was created to be used at High Schools to explain and illustrate to the students about the bad affects of using drugs.
A slide show presentation geared to parents to raise awareness of drugs of abuse and patterns in teenage substance use, as well as preventive suggestions.
Drug abuse is a common problem that is ruining not only the individuals but offering a global issue. People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem, such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Use doesn't automatically lead to abuse, and there is no specific level at which drug use moves from casual to problematic. It varies by individual. Addiction is less about the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and more to do with the consequences of drug use. No matter how often or how little you’re consuming, if your drug use is causing problems in your life, at work, school, home, or in your relationship, you likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem. And if you are having this problem you are actually in trouble.
This presentation is prepared with the objective of providing information on drug abuse and drug addiction to secondary level students. References has been taken from different slide available in slide share.
Join Alvin Barnes of Jackson, Mississippi, in his comprehensive PowerPoint presentation as he delves into the contentious debate surrounding marijuana decriminalization. In this insightful exploration, Alvin meticulously examines the advantages and drawbacks associated with this hotly debated topic. From potential economic benefits and social justice considerations to concerns regarding public health and law enforcement, Alvin provides a balanced analysis that sheds light on the complexities of marijuana decriminalization. Whether you're an advocate, policymaker, or simply curious about the issue, this presentation offers valuable insights to inform your perspective.
Meaning,Types of alcoholism and drug abuse and their explanation, Symptoms, Law, rights and amendments, Addiction vs abuse, Survey, Literature review and future aspect.
Prevention of Substance Use & Abuse (Gateway Drugs - Cigarettes)Jewel Jem
GRADE 9 Lesson on
Prevention of Substance Use & Abuse
and
Gateway Drugs (focusing on Cigarettes)
Cigarettes
Contents of Cigarettes
Risks and Other factors :)
There is an epademic of cocaine and other drugs use in our schools. This presentation was created to be used at High Schools to explain and illustrate to the students about the bad affects of using drugs.
A slide show presentation geared to parents to raise awareness of drugs of abuse and patterns in teenage substance use, as well as preventive suggestions.
Drug abuse is a common problem that is ruining not only the individuals but offering a global issue. People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem, such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Use doesn't automatically lead to abuse, and there is no specific level at which drug use moves from casual to problematic. It varies by individual. Addiction is less about the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and more to do with the consequences of drug use. No matter how often or how little you’re consuming, if your drug use is causing problems in your life, at work, school, home, or in your relationship, you likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem. And if you are having this problem you are actually in trouble.
This presentation is prepared with the objective of providing information on drug abuse and drug addiction to secondary level students. References has been taken from different slide available in slide share.
Join Alvin Barnes of Jackson, Mississippi, in his comprehensive PowerPoint presentation as he delves into the contentious debate surrounding marijuana decriminalization. In this insightful exploration, Alvin meticulously examines the advantages and drawbacks associated with this hotly debated topic. From potential economic benefits and social justice considerations to concerns regarding public health and law enforcement, Alvin provides a balanced analysis that sheds light on the complexities of marijuana decriminalization. Whether you're an advocate, policymaker, or simply curious about the issue, this presentation offers valuable insights to inform your perspective.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
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Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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2. No 'smoking' gun -- Research
indicates teen marijuana use
does not predict drug, alcohol
abuse
PITTSBURGH, Dec. 4 -- Marijuana is not a ―gateway‖ drug that predicts or
eventually leads to substance abuse, suggests a 12-year University of
Pittsburgh study. Moreover, the study’s findings call into question the longheld belief that has shaped prevention efforts and governmental policy for six
decades and caused many a parent to panic upon discovering a bag of pot in
their child’s bedroom.
The Pitt researchers tracked 214 boys beginning at ages 10-12, all of whom
eventually used either legal or illegal drugs. When the boys reached age 22,
they were categorized into three groups: those who used only alcohol or
tobacco, those who started with alcohol and tobacco and then used
marijuana (gateway sequence) and those who used marijuana prior to
alcohol or tobacco (reverse sequence).
Nearly a quarter of the study population who used both legal and illegal drugs
at some point – 28 boys – exhibited the reverse pattern of using marijuana
prior to alcohol or tobacco, and those individuals were no more likely to
develop a substance use disorder than those who followed the traditional
3.
4.
5. Marijuana as a Gateway Drug:
The Myth That Will Not Die
Of all the arguments that have been used to demonize marijuana, few have
been more powerful than that of the ―gateway effect‖: the notion that while
marijuana itself may not be especially dangerous, it ineluctably leads to harder
drugs like heroin and cocaine. Even Nick Kristof — in a column favoring
marijuana legalization — alluded to it this week in the New York Times. In what
is known as the ―to be sure‖ paragraph, where op-ed writers cite the arguments
of opponents, he wrote:
I have no illusions about drugs. One of my childhood friends in Yamhill, Ore.,
pretty much squandered his life by dabbling with marijuana in ninth grade and
then moving on to stronger stuff. And yes, there’s some risk that legalization
would make such dabbling more common.
The idea that marijuana may be the first step in a longer career of drug use
seems plausible at first: when addicts tell their histories, many begin with a
story about marijuana. And there’s a strong correlation between marijuana use
and other drug use: a person who smokes marijuana is more than 104 times
more likely to use cocaine than a person who never tries pot, according to the
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (More on Time.com:7 Tips for California:
How to Make Legalizing Marijuana Smart)
6. The problem here is that correlation isn’t cause. Hell’s Angels motorcycle gang
members are probably more 104 times more likely to have ridden a bicycle as a
kid than those who don’t become Hell’s Angels, but that doesn’t mean that riding
a two-wheeler is a ―gateway‖ to joining a motorcycle gang. It simply means that
most people ride bikes and the kind of people who don’t are highly unlikely to
ever ride a motorcycle.
Scientists long ago abandoned the idea that marijuana causes users to try other
drugs: as far back as 1999, in a report commissioned by Congress to look at the
possible dangers of medical marijuana, the Institute of Medicine of the National
Academy of Sciences wrote:
Patterns in progression of drug use from adolescence to adulthood are strikingly
regular. Because it is the most widely used illicit drug, marijuana is predictably
the first illicit drug most people encounter. Not surprisingly, most users of other
illicit drugs have used marijuana first. In fact, most drug users begin with alcohol
and nicotine before marijuana — usually before they are of legal age.
In the sense that marijuana use typically precedes rather than follows initiation
of other illicit drug use, it is indeed a ―gateway‖ drug. But because underage
smoking and alcohol use typically precede marijuana use, marijuana is not the
most common, and is rarely the first, ―gateway‖ to illicit drug use. There is no
conclusive evidence that the drug effects of marijuana are causally linked to the
subsequent abuse of other illicit drugs.
7. Since then, numerous other studies have
failed to support the gateway idea. Every
year, the federal government funds two
huge surveys on drug use in the
population. Over and over they find that the
number of people who try marijuana dwarfs
that for cocaine or heroin. For example, in
2009, 2.3 million people reported trying pot
— compared with 617,000 who tried
cocaine and 180,000 who tried heroin.
(More on Time.com: See photos of
cannabis conventions)
So what accounts for the massive
correlation between marijuana use and use
of other drugs? One key factor is taste.
People who are extremely interested in
altering their consciousness are likely to
want to try more than one way of doing it. If
you are a true music fan, you probably
won’t stick to listening to just one band or
even a single genre — this doesn’t make
lullabies a gateway to the Grateful Dead, it
means that people who really like music
probably like many different songs and
8. Second is marijuana’s illegality: you aren’t likely to be able to find a heroin dealer
if you can’t even score weed. Compared with pot dealers, sellers of hard drugs
tend to be even less trusting of customers they don’t know, in part because they
face greater penalties. But if you’ve proved yourself by regularly purchasing
marijuana, dealers will happily introduce to you to their harder product lines if you
express interest, or help you find a friend of theirs who can.
Holland began liberalizing its marijuana laws in part to close this particular
gateway — and indeed now the country has slightly fewer young pot-smokers
who move on to harder drugs compared with other nations, including the U.S. A
2010 Rand Institute report titled ―What Can We Learn from the Dutch Cannabis
Coffeeshop Experience?‖ found that there was ―some evidence‖ for a ―weakened
gateway‖ in The Netherlands, and concluded that the data ―clearly challenge any
claim that the Dutch have strengthened the gateway to hard drug use.‖ (More on
Time.com:Is Marijuana Addictive? It Depends How You Define Addiction)
Of course, that’s not the gateway argument favored by supporters of our current
drug policy — but it is the one supported by science.
9. Safety for Use: Cannabis as a
Gateway Drug
Recent research suggests that recreationally used cannabis does not act as
a gateway drug to harder drugs such as alcohol, cocaine and heroine. The
same will apply to users of medicinal cannabis.
Several research studies addressed the question whether cannabis leads to
the use of harder drugs such as alcohol, cocaine and heroin.
According to a study to be published by the Centre for Economic Policy
Research, London, cannabis does not lead to the use of hard drugs (Sunday
Times of 16 December 2001). Findings are based on a survey of drug users
in Amsterdam over a 10-year period. The study by Jan van Ours of Tilburg
University in the Netherlands shows that cannabis users typically start using
the drug between the ages of 18 and 20, while cocaine use usually starts
between 20 and 25. But it concludes that cannabis is not a stepping stone to
using cocaine or heroin. Four surveys, covering nearly 17,000 people, were
carried out in Amsterdam in 1987, 1990, 1994 and 1997. The study found that
there was little difference in the probability of an individual taking up cocaine
as to whether or not he or she had used cannabis. Although significant
numbers of people in the survey did use soft and hard drugs, this was linked
with personal characteristics and a predilection to experimentation.
10. The Institute of Medicine study characterized marijuana’s role as a ―gateway
drug‖ as follows:
"Patterns in progression of drug use from adolescence to adulthood are
strikingly regular. Because it is the most widely used illicit drug, marijuana is
predictably the first illicit drug most people encounter. Not surprisingly, most
users of other illicit drugs have used marijuana first. In fact, most drug users
begin with alcohol and nicotine before marijuana—usually before they are of
legal age.
In the sense that marijuana use typically precedes rather than follows initiation
of other illicit drug use, it is indeed a "gateway" drug. But because underage
smoking and alcohol use typically precede marijuana use, marijuana is not the
most common, and is rarely the first, "gateway" to illicit drug use. There is no
conclusive evidence that the drug effects of marijuana are causally linked to
the subsequent abuse of other illicit drugs. An important caution is that data on
drug use progression cannot be assumed to apply to the use of drugs for
medical purposes. It does not follow from those data that if marijuana were
available by prescription for medical use, the pattern of drug use would remain
the same as seen in illicit use" (Joy et al. 1999)
A more recent study based on national survey data also does not support the
hypothesis that increases in marijuana use lead to increased use of more
dangerous drugs among the general public. In the American Journal of Public
Health, Andrew Golub and Bruce Johnson of the National Development and
Research Institute in New York wrote that young people who smoked
marijuana in the generations before and after the baby boomers do not appear
11. The recent increase in youthful marijuana use has been offset by lower rates of
progression to hard drug use among youths born in the 1970s. Dire predictions of
future hard drug abuse by youths who came of age in the 1990s may be greatly
overstated‖ (Golub& Johnson 2001).
Research also suggests that the ―gateway theory‖ does not describe the behavior
of serious drug users:
―The serious drug users were substantially different from high school samples in
their progression of drug use. The serious drug users were less likely to follow the
typical sequence identified in previous studies (alcohol, then marijuana, followed by
other illicit drugs). They were more likely to have used marijuana before using
alcohol, and more likely to have used other illicit drugs before using marijuana. We
also found that atypical sequencing was associated with earlier initiation of the use
of illicit drugs other than marijuana and greater lifetime drug involvement. These
findings suggest that for a large number of serious drug users, marijuana does not
play the role of a 'gateway drug'. We conclude that prevention efforts which focus
on alcohol and marijuana may be of limited effectiveness for youth who are at risk
for serious drug abuse‖ (Mackesy-Amiti et al. 1997)
Editor's Notes
CONTACT: Jocelyn Uhl Duffy, UhlJH@upmc.eduPHONE: (412) 647-3555FAX: (412) 624-3184Other study authors include Michael Vanyukov, Ph.D., and Maureen Reynolds, Ph.D., and LeventKirisci, Ph.D., also of the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy; and Duncan Clark, M.D., Ph.D., of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The research was funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
By Maia Szalavitz@maiaszOct. 29, 2010Read more: http://healthland.time.com/2010/10/29/marijuna-as-a-gateway-drug-the-myth-that-will-not-die/#ixzz2XRl82kAf
ReferencesMackesy-Amiti ME, Fendrich M, Goldstein PJ. Sequence of drug use among serious drug users: typical vs atypical progression. Drug Alcohol Depend 1997;45(3):185-96.Joy JE, Watson SJ, Benson JA, eds. Marijuana and medicine: Assessing the science base. Institute of Medicine. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1999.Golub A, Johnson BD. Variation in youthful risks of progression from alcohol and tobacco to marijuana and to hard drugs across generations. Am J Public Health 2001;91(2):225-32.