A review of Post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals. In 2017, the 2nd UN annual review brought 4000 participants to the People Forum to review Goals of SDG: 1 about poverty reduction, 2 about Hunger and food security, 3: about health, healthy life and wellbeing, 5: Gender equality, 9; infrastructures, 14: Life below water, 17: Global Partnership. If you have not been physically at the forum between July 10-July 19, 2017 at UN headquarters, In New York (USA) or you did not follow the UN livestream. You have a last chance to review the process of global organization development tjrough BIRD intermediation. as there is at the end of the slideshow, a little survey. Thanks
Emerging Economies of the World: A Study | November 2016Suhel Goel
The study describes Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) their characteristics and a comparison with the Developed Economies of the world. The study brings to light the macroeconomic viewpoint on why to invest in EMEs and the risks one can face and ways to navigate them.
Lastly, importance of India as the most promising EME is highlighted in the study cum presentation.
A review of Post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals. In 2017, the 2nd UN annual review brought 4000 participants to the People Forum to review Goals of SDG: 1 about poverty reduction, 2 about Hunger and food security, 3: about health, healthy life and wellbeing, 5: Gender equality, 9; infrastructures, 14: Life below water, 17: Global Partnership. If you have not been physically at the forum between July 10-July 19, 2017 at UN headquarters, In New York (USA) or you did not follow the UN livestream. You have a last chance to review the process of global organization development tjrough BIRD intermediation. as there is at the end of the slideshow, a little survey. Thanks
Emerging Economies of the World: A Study | November 2016Suhel Goel
The study describes Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) their characteristics and a comparison with the Developed Economies of the world. The study brings to light the macroeconomic viewpoint on why to invest in EMEs and the risks one can face and ways to navigate them.
Lastly, importance of India as the most promising EME is highlighted in the study cum presentation.
Brand Academy provides details brand analysis, research, article and insights for free.
Contact us :
brandsmentor@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/1stbrandsacademy
The developmental state: the nature of statal policy and institutional reformCosty Costantinos
Political leadership in Africa requires intimate knowledge of public policy analysis, formulation and management and development of strategic plans and implementing them to achieve results. This is augured in a need for an independent review of the capacities of institutions as regards the rights-based approach to developing the institutions and developing knowledge management systems, stopping the brain drain and turning it to brain-gain. More important is leadership and management capacity building: reinventing the quality of training and education in human qualities development to build a core civil service: focusing on political, social and economic governance of the state’s oversight responsibilities.
The presentations describes the 1991 Liberalization Privatization Globalization(LPG) model of Indian economy. Following are the topics discussed in the ppt:
Reasons for implementing LPG
Definitions
Advantages
Disadvantages
Disinvestment Commission
Successful privatizations in India
FDI
MNCs
Effects
Since about one year, the Haitian government is aiming at attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). This same government is also aiming at developing entrepreneurship. So far, the government has failed to attract significant FDI due to the negative image of Haiti. At the moment entrepreneurship appears has a more probable option for the development of the country.
Many academic papers have been written about the Haitian economic situation. One of the latest is the paper written by Junia Barreau (2012) entitled: ‘FDI: The difficult situation of Haiti’. However, hardly any academic paper has been written about entrepreneurship in the tourism sector in Haiti as a potential source of economic development. This article aims to contribute to the body of meta-literature in this area.
Starting with a review of academic papers on entrepreneurship and then initiatives from the private and public sector to develop entrepreneurship in Haiti, this article adopts a progressive approach successively presenting the tourism industry as the way forward for Haiti and entrepreneurship as a vector.
Methodologically, this article builds on the academic critical literature on entrepreneurship and tourist. Then, based on case studies we are going to see how the development of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) can contribute to the development of entrepreneurship and to poverty reduction by providing poor people access to financial service. Last but not least, we are going to explain why the tourism sector should be the pilot for this type of scheme
The growing importance of emerging economies, along with the increasing integration of the global economy and financial markets, underscore the importance of broadening the scope of international economic and financial co-operation.
The establishment of G20, comprising around 90 per cent of the global GDP, 80 per cent of the world trade and more than two-third of the world’s population, recognized considerable changes in the international economic landscape.
The G20 plays a vital role in supporting globalization, development of domestic financial markets, regional economic integration, demographics and resource security. Independent business associations from G20 countries formed a coalition named as Business 20 (B20). The coalition acts a bridge between government and business communities of the G20 countries.
The November 2014 edition of the Multilateral Newsletter highlights the key deliberations made at the G20 and B20 Summits. In addition, it covers key points of major happenings from the recently held ASEAN Summit in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Read the Newsletter for more information with reference
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA AND TH...Lausanne Montreux Congress
Investment in science, technology and innovation (STI) needs to be the backbone of productivity-led economic
recovery and sustainable development. Despite significant increases in productivity over the past few decades,
economic growth in developing economies of Asia and the Pacific has been primarily driven by factor
accumulation. However, the average rate of productivity growth slowed between the periods 2000-2007 and
2008-2014 by 65 per cent, which has contributed to the current economic slowdown, potentially undermining
efforts to effectively pursue the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Brand Academy provides details brand analysis, research, article and insights for free.
Contact us :
brandsmentor@gmail.com
https://www.facebook.com/1stbrandsacademy
The developmental state: the nature of statal policy and institutional reformCosty Costantinos
Political leadership in Africa requires intimate knowledge of public policy analysis, formulation and management and development of strategic plans and implementing them to achieve results. This is augured in a need for an independent review of the capacities of institutions as regards the rights-based approach to developing the institutions and developing knowledge management systems, stopping the brain drain and turning it to brain-gain. More important is leadership and management capacity building: reinventing the quality of training and education in human qualities development to build a core civil service: focusing on political, social and economic governance of the state’s oversight responsibilities.
The presentations describes the 1991 Liberalization Privatization Globalization(LPG) model of Indian economy. Following are the topics discussed in the ppt:
Reasons for implementing LPG
Definitions
Advantages
Disadvantages
Disinvestment Commission
Successful privatizations in India
FDI
MNCs
Effects
Since about one year, the Haitian government is aiming at attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). This same government is also aiming at developing entrepreneurship. So far, the government has failed to attract significant FDI due to the negative image of Haiti. At the moment entrepreneurship appears has a more probable option for the development of the country.
Many academic papers have been written about the Haitian economic situation. One of the latest is the paper written by Junia Barreau (2012) entitled: ‘FDI: The difficult situation of Haiti’. However, hardly any academic paper has been written about entrepreneurship in the tourism sector in Haiti as a potential source of economic development. This article aims to contribute to the body of meta-literature in this area.
Starting with a review of academic papers on entrepreneurship and then initiatives from the private and public sector to develop entrepreneurship in Haiti, this article adopts a progressive approach successively presenting the tourism industry as the way forward for Haiti and entrepreneurship as a vector.
Methodologically, this article builds on the academic critical literature on entrepreneurship and tourist. Then, based on case studies we are going to see how the development of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) can contribute to the development of entrepreneurship and to poverty reduction by providing poor people access to financial service. Last but not least, we are going to explain why the tourism sector should be the pilot for this type of scheme
The growing importance of emerging economies, along with the increasing integration of the global economy and financial markets, underscore the importance of broadening the scope of international economic and financial co-operation.
The establishment of G20, comprising around 90 per cent of the global GDP, 80 per cent of the world trade and more than two-third of the world’s population, recognized considerable changes in the international economic landscape.
The G20 plays a vital role in supporting globalization, development of domestic financial markets, regional economic integration, demographics and resource security. Independent business associations from G20 countries formed a coalition named as Business 20 (B20). The coalition acts a bridge between government and business communities of the G20 countries.
The November 2014 edition of the Multilateral Newsletter highlights the key deliberations made at the G20 and B20 Summits. In addition, it covers key points of major happenings from the recently held ASEAN Summit in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Read the Newsletter for more information with reference
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA AND TH...Lausanne Montreux Congress
Investment in science, technology and innovation (STI) needs to be the backbone of productivity-led economic
recovery and sustainable development. Despite significant increases in productivity over the past few decades,
economic growth in developing economies of Asia and the Pacific has been primarily driven by factor
accumulation. However, the average rate of productivity growth slowed between the periods 2000-2007 and
2008-2014 by 65 per cent, which has contributed to the current economic slowdown, potentially undermining
efforts to effectively pursue the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
CII Multilateral Newsletter July edition outlines the highlights of the key discussions of G20 Summit and the testimonials made by B20 members as well as the developments in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
The October edition of the Newsletter outlines the Indian priorities and the road ahead for the G20; provides brief information on the happenings at the World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), International Finance Corporation (IFC), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Trade Centre (ITC) and highlights the key remarks made by the Minister of State for External Affairs at the 8th IBSA Trilateral Ministerial Commission Meeting.
India’s engagement at multilateral forums has significantly increased over the last one decade. It has been playing a constructive role in forums like G-20 (B-20) which has been deliberating on critical issues of global economic and trade governance post the financial crisis. Besides this, India has also joined the grouping like IBSA and BRICS, which again are playing an important role in current global scenario.
CII complements the Government of India’s enhanced engagement with East and Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. In recent years, Indian industry too has started taking keen interest on these issues and is looking outward, slowly emerging as one of the significant sources of global investment. CII in association with its partner business associations has formed a Business 20 alliance to feed business inputs into the G-20 discussions on issues which are of direct interest to them.
Through this newsletter, CII hopes to provide an insight to all such multilateral and regional engagements of India and Indian industry.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/index.html
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
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1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
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Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
1. G20 in Retrospect and Prospect
Mahmoud Mohieldin*
Managing Director
The World Bank
Presentation to the
School of International Public Affairs
Columbia University
January 25, 2012
*Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors
of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.
2. Key questions
What is the G20 and who are its members?
What is the role of the G20?
What is the G20 focusing on?
What is the contribution of the World Bank?
Introduction
2
3. Follows in the footsteps of the G6, G7, G8 (a leaders’
forum established in 1975).
The G20 was setup in the wake of the Asian financial crisis
as a global forum for Finance Ministers and Central Bank
Governors to discuss measures to promote financial
stability and sustainable development.
Representatives account for about 85 percent of the world
economy.
First meeting took place in Berlin in December 1999
(chaired by Paul Martin, former Finance Minister of
Canada).
Origins of the G20
3
4. Additional invitees:
•France invited Ethiopia, Singapore, Spain, UAE (Chair of the GCC), and Equatorial
Guinea (Chair of the African Union).
•Mexico invited Colombia, Cambodia, Chile, Equatorial Guinea (Chair of the African
Union), and Spain.
1. Argentina
2. Australia
3. Brazil
4. Canada
5. China
6. France
7. Germany
8. India
9. Indonesia
10. Italy
Who are the G20
4
11. Japan
12. Mexico
13. Russia
14. Saudi Arabia
15. South Africa
16. Republic of Korea
17. Turkey
18. United Kingdom
19. United States of America
20. European Union/ECB
• International Monetary
Fund
• World Bank
• Financial Stability Board
• Organization for
Economic Cooperation
and Development
• United Nations
• International Labor
Organization
• World Trade Organization
5. 1999-2001 Canada
2002 India
2003 Mexico
2004 Germany
2005 China
2006 Australia
2007 South Africa
2008 Brazil
2009 United Kingdom
2010 Korea
2011 France
2012 Mexico
The G20 Chairs
5
6. A. Multi-polar world
EMEs accounting for rapidly increasing shares of
output, growth, trade and investment.
Trend accentuated in the outlook, where 2012 Global
Economic Prospects highlights weakening in advanced
economies, while growth slows but remains strong in
EMEs.
Evolution of the G20
6
Two key factors driving the importance of the G20
in international policy making:
7. Evolution of the G20 (cont.)
7
An increasingly multi-polar pattern of global growth
9. 9
Source: World Bank, Global Economic Prospects, 2012
In weakening outlook, EMEs sustain global growth
Evolution of the G20 (cont.)
10. B. Global financial crisis starting in 2008
The US called a meeting of G20 leaders in November 2008,
seeking to agree measures to stabilize financial markets,
stimulate demand and avoid protectionism.
The important role of EMEs was recognized in addressing
global challenges of the international economy and financial
system.
At September 2009 G20 Summit, leaders announced that the
G20 would replace the G8 as the premier forum for
discussing international economic issues.
10
Evolution of the G20 (cont.)
11. Governance and Role
Rotating Presidency (no permanent secretariat).
Consensus based, informal.
Agenda setting by the presiding presidency.
1. Working Groups
2. Finance and Central Bank Deputies
3. Sherpa Stream (including development)
4. Ministerial Summit
5. Leaders Summit
Arduously negotiated Communiquès.
Commitments reached are political and provide an
indication of shared views and approaches.
11
Evolution of the G20 (cont.)
12. Highlights of the growing agendas at the G20 Summits
Washington (2008) – Stabilize financial markets and restore
growth (Washington Action Plan).
London (2009) – Implementation of the Washington Action
Plan, strengthening the financial system.
Pittsburgh (2009) – From crisis to recovery.
Toronto (2010) – Framework for strong, sustainable and
balanced growth.
Seoul (2010) – Seoul Development Consensus (9 pillars)
Cannes (2011) – Expanded list, overtaken by euro crisis.
Key Focus Areas of the G20
12
13. Korea Presidency 2010
Ensuring global economic recovery
Framework for strong, sustainable, and balanced global
growth (Seoul Action Plan).
International financial institution reform
Financial sector reforms
Fighting protectionism and promoting trade and investment
Financial inclusion
Energy
Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth
Key Focus Areas of the G20 (cont.)
13
14. Seoul Consensus
Focus on economic growth needed to reach MDGs.
Global development partnership – development assistance, transparent
and accountable.
Prioritize global or regional systemic issues.
Private sector participation essential.
G20 to complement, not duplicate other global actors.
Outcome orientation - focus on tangible measures.
The nine key pillars most in need of attention within developing
countries: 1) infrastructure, 2) private investment and job creation, 3)
human resource development, 4) trade, 5) financial inclusion, 6)
resilient growth , 7) food security, 8) domestic resource mobilization
9) knowledge sharing.
Key Focus Areas of the G20 (cont.)
14
15. French Presidency 2011
Framework for Strong, Sustainable and
Balanced Growth
Reform of the International Monetary System
Financial sector regulation
Commodity price volatility
Food security
Infrastructure financing
Financial inclusion
Climate change financing
Anticorruption
Key Focus Areas of the G20 (cont.)
15
16. Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth
Agreement on the technical and definitional aspects of the Mutual
Assessment Process in place, turning to consideration of member
policies.
Derive base case assessment of economic prospects based on
members’ inputs.
Assess progress with respect to earlier policy commitments.
Undertake external sustainability assessment for the seven
member economies with the largest and most persistent
imbalances (China, France Germany, India, Japan, UK, US).
Identification of additional policy measures - Cannes Action Plan.
16
Key Focus Areas of the G20 (cont.)
17. Cannes Action Plan for Growth and Jobs
All G20 members commit to keep global markets open
and resist trade protectionism.
All will take whatever measures necessary to preserve
the stability of banking systems and financial markets,
and to ensure that banks are adequately capitalized.
All will ensure that the IMF has adequate resources.
17
Key Focus Areas of the G20 (cont.)
18. Country commitments under the Cannes Action Plan
United States will implement tax reforms for jobs and
investment.
Japan will quickly implement reconstruction measures.
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Korea, and
Indonesia, where public finance are relatively strong, will let
automatic stabilizers work and will take additional
discretionary fiscal measures as deemed necessary.
Emerging market economies with external surpluses commit
to boosting domestic demand and move more rapidly toward
market-determined exchange rates.
18
Key Focus Areas of the G20 (cont.)
19. A growing concern about jobs
“If you were to ask me, from all the world polling Gallup has
done for more than 75 years, what would fix the world -- what
would suddenly create worldwide peace, global wellbeing,
and the next extraordinary advancements in human
development, I would say the immediate appearance of 1.8
billion jobs -- formal jobs. […] We can’t see that quest for
good jobs as an internal skirmish between warring political
ideologies. It’s an international war” (Jim Clifton, Chairman
and CEO of Gallup, author of The Coming Jobs War.
19
Focus on Jobs
20. In times of rapid technological progress, entire sectors may
be affected.
The global financial crisis resulted in massive job losses in
both emerging and industrial countries.
Recent political events highlight the discontent of educated
youth whose job opportunities fall short of their
expectations.
Around the world, there is anxiety about the pace of job
creation and the prospect of a global fight for jobs.
20
Focus on Jobs (cont.)
21. Good jobs in practice
Living standards. Jobs that make a greater contribution to
poverty reduction; female employment; jobs with greater
potential for growth in earnings and satisfaction.
Productivity. New jobs whose productivity is above the
country’s average; jobs with greater productive externalities;
jobs with potential for productivity growth.
Social cohesion. Jobs that convey a greater sense of dignity
and belonging in society; jobs that do not conflict with
human rights; jobs providing voice and encouraging
participation.
21
Focus on Jobs – WDR 2013
22. Diverse jobs agendas
Sub-Saharan Africa: increasing earnings from farming and creating
enough off-farm jobs (all informal).
South Asia: creating enough productive jobs to absorb one milion new
entrants to the labor market every month.
Middle East: finding alternatives for educated (not necessarily skilled)
youth who aspire to civil servant jobs.
East Asia: handling massive destruction and reallocation of jobs in low-
end manufacturing as wages increase.
Latin America: rebuilding a social compact that requires formalization
without undermining efficiency.
Eastern Europe: coping with a jobless recovery amidst an aging labor
force.
22
Focus on Jobs – WDR 2013 (cont.)
Country, regional and global level?
23. Priorities under the Mexican Presidency –
streamlining and prioritization
Economic stabilization and structural reforms as foundations for
growth and employment.
Strengthening the financial system and fostering financial
inclusion to promote economic growth.
Improving the international financial architecture in an
interconnected world (Finance Track).
Enhancing food security and addressing commodity price
volatility.
Promoting sustainable development, green growth and the fight
against climate change.
The G20 going forward
23
25. Agenda setting: Helps set the agenda, coordinate
policies, distribute tasks across existing institutions,
and build consensus.
Convergence of ideas: Brings together leaders,
Finance Ministers, Central Bank Governors, and other
officials and interested parties to share views and
broaden understanding on various key challenges.
Part of the mosaic of international economic
governance: Complements other multilateral
institutions for international economic cooperation.
What can be expected from the G20?
25
26. Bridge from G20 to G187
Represent the interests of the non-G20 developing
countries in the forum (G187).
Highlight development perspectives, and impacts on
the poor.
Substantive contributions on the development stream.
Capacity building – Collaboration with the Korean
Development School
The Role of the World Bank
26
27. Main points of World Bank engagement with the G20
1. Mutual Assessment Process (MAP)/Framework: Support
efforts to encourage balanced growth in the Emerging
Markets and Developing Economies.
2. Food Security: RBZ plan in Jan 6, 2011 Financial Times:
(transparency on stocks, code of conduct on humanitarian
food exports, humanitarian reserve placement, weather
forecasting capacity, Social Safety Nets, quick disbursing
crisis support, risk management products).
The Role of the World Bank (cont.)
27
28. 3. Financial Inclusion: The World Bank Group, including
CGAP and the IFC, is a leading implementing partner for
the G20 Financial Inclusion Action Plan (the G20 Global
Partnership for Financial Inclusion was launched in
South Korea in December 2010).
4. Financial Regulation: FSAPs, FIRST initiative,
capacity building for regulators, new annual report on
Global Financial Development (expected Sept 2012).
5. Climate Finance: Coordinated the preparation of :
“Mobilizing Climate Finance: A Paper prepared at the
request of G20 Finance Ministers” (October 6, 2011).
The Role of the World Bank (cont.)
28
29. 6. Local currency bond markets: Helped articulate
action plan through the “Local Currency Bond Markets
in Emerging Markets: A Contribution to the Stability
of the International Monetary System” (April 2011)
7. Infrastructure: Working with regional development
banks, identified infrastructure gaps and recommended
options to mobilize financing (scale up Africa regional
integration).
The Role of the World Bank (cont.)
29
The host governments usually invite additional countries, whether to represent particular regions or assuage complaining neighbors. So there are usually about 25 nations present, plus the heads of international organizations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations. (The European Union has the most seats, usually with six or seven countries as well as representatives of the president of the European Council, the presidency country and the European Commission.)
The countries around the table account for about 85 percent of global GDP.
Troika
Specific commitments include:
- China committed to rebalance demand toward domestic consumption, promote market-based interest rate reform, and move further toward capital account convertibility. The G-20 welcomes China's determination to increase exchange rate flexibility consistent with underlying market fundamentals.
- Saudi Arabia commits to helping stabilize oil markets in support of the global economy.
- All G-20 members commit to keep global markets open and resist trade protectionism.
Relevant Links
U.S., Canada and Africa
Business
International Organisations
- Many G-20 members committed to implement structural reforms to boost long-term growth potential and enhance job growth prospects.
- Countries with large current account surpluses commit to boost domestic sources of growth by implementing measures to increase growth of consumption and investment as a share of GDP.
- All G-20 members committed to full and timely implementation of financial sector reforms, including Basel II, II.5, and III along the agreed timelines.
Specific commitments include:
- China committed to rebalance demand toward domestic consumption, promote market-based interest rate reform, and move further toward capital account convertibility. The G-20 welcomes China's determination to increase exchange rate flexibility consistent with underlying market fundamentals.
- Saudi Arabia commits to helping stabilize oil markets in support of the global economy.
- All G-20 members commit to keep global markets open and resist trade protectionism.
Relevant Links
U.S., Canada and Africa
Business
International Organisations
- Many G-20 members committed to implement structural reforms to boost long-term growth potential and enhance job growth prospects.
- Countries with large current account surpluses commit to boost domestic sources of growth by implementing measures to increase growth of consumption and investment as a share of GDP.
- All G-20 members committed to full and timely implementation of financial sector reforms, including Basel II, II.5, and III along the agreed timelines.
Specific commitments include:
- China committed to rebalance demand toward domestic consumption, promote market-based interest rate reform, and move further toward capital account convertibility. The G-20 welcomes China's determination to increase exchange rate flexibility consistent with underlying market fundamentals.
- Saudi Arabia commits to helping stabilize oil markets in support of the global economy.
- All G-20 members commit to keep global markets open and resist trade protectionism.
Relevant Links
U.S., Canada and Africa
Business
International Organisations
- Many G-20 members committed to implement structural reforms to boost long-term growth potential and enhance job growth prospects.
- Countries with large current account surpluses commit to boost domestic sources of growth by implementing measures to increase growth of consumption and investment as a share of GDP.
- All G-20 members committed to full and timely implementation of financial sector reforms, including Basel II, II.5, and III along the agreed timelines.
Specific commitments include:
- China committed to rebalance demand toward domestic consumption, promote market-based interest rate reform, and move further toward capital account convertibility. The G-20 welcomes China's determination to increase exchange rate flexibility consistent with underlying market fundamentals.
- Saudi Arabia commits to helping stabilize oil markets in support of the global economy.
- All G-20 members commit to keep global markets open and resist trade protectionism.
Relevant Links
U.S., Canada and Africa
Business
International Organisations
- Many G-20 members committed to implement structural reforms to boost long-term growth potential and enhance job growth prospects.
- Countries with large current account surpluses commit to boost domestic sources of growth by implementing measures to increase growth of consumption and investment as a share of GDP.
- All G-20 members committed to full and timely implementation of financial sector reforms, including Basel II, II.5, and III along the agreed timelines.
Specific commitments include:
- China committed to rebalance demand toward domestic consumption, promote market-based interest rate reform, and move further toward capital account convertibility. The G-20 welcomes China's determination to increase exchange rate flexibility consistent with underlying market fundamentals.
- Saudi Arabia commits to helping stabilize oil markets in support of the global economy.
- All G-20 members commit to keep global markets open and resist trade protectionism.
Relevant Links
U.S., Canada and Africa
Business
International Organisations
- Many G-20 members committed to implement structural reforms to boost long-term growth potential and enhance job growth prospects.
- Countries with large current account surpluses commit to boost domestic sources of growth by implementing measures to increase growth of consumption and investment as a share of GDP.
- All G-20 members committed to full and timely implementation of financial sector reforms, including Basel II, II.5, and III along the agreed timelines.
Specific commitments include:
- China committed to rebalance demand toward domestic consumption, promote market-based interest rate reform, and move further toward capital account convertibility. The G-20 welcomes China's determination to increase exchange rate flexibility consistent with underlying market fundamentals.
- Saudi Arabia commits to helping stabilize oil markets in support of the global economy.
- All G-20 members commit to keep global markets open and resist trade protectionism.
Relevant Links
U.S., Canada and Africa
Business
International Organisations
- Many G-20 members committed to implement structural reforms to boost long-term growth potential and enhance job growth prospects.
- Countries with large current account surpluses commit to boost domestic sources of growth by implementing measures to increase growth of consumption and investment as a share of GDP.
- All G-20 members committed to full and timely implementation of financial sector reforms, including Basel II, II.5, and III along the agreed timelines.