This document summarizes energy cooperation between countries in South Asia, focusing on India's cooperation with its neighbors. It discusses efforts to develop cross-border power grids and trade, as well as cooperation on hydropower projects. Key points include India concluding agreements with Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh to develop hydropower resources and increase electricity trade. Challenges include Pakistan not fully implementing trade agreements and slow progress being made on projects with Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Cooperation is also occurring between countries like Bangladesh and China.
Region up energy projects to attract investmentsAllan Olingo
East African governments have doubled their efforts to increase energy output through multiple projects in order to meet rising demand and attract more investments. Rwanda, Tanzania and Kenya have all announced new power projects, with Rwanda aiming to increase electricity access to 70% of its population by 2017. Tanzania plans to generate up to 15,000MW of power by 2025 through projects like a $228 million transmission line connecting its grid to Kenya's. Kenya is targeting over 6,000MW of additional installed capacity from geothermal, hydro and wind projects by 2016 to address its infrastructure limitations.
We specialize in the development of process-driven, conceptual models to identify and improve the understanding of your mineral targets.
The spearhead of our services is delivering core drilling service in prompt and efficient manner.
A world of experience, technical knowledge, and understanding. That’s what Geonesis brings to your project. Profitable mining demands an independent, experienced, long-term perspective that gives you real clarity.
Whether its advice on project feasibility, property acquisitions or disposals, financing, geotechnical stability, sustainability or mine closure, we have an extensive breadth of knowledge and depth of experience to ensure you get the right advice, where and when you need it most.
This document summarizes small hydropower development in India. It discusses that India has an estimated small hydropower potential of 15,000 MW, of which around 2,000 MW has been tapped so far. The small hydropower program in India aims to add 1,400 MW of capacity during 2007-2012. Small hydropower projects up to 25 MW capacity are categorized as small hydropower in India. The small hydropower sector has become increasingly private investment driven in recent decades under new policies to encourage renewable energy development.
Power Sector at A Glance, the monthly newsletter was founded by the management students of UPES,Dehradun. The main objective it is to provide a digital collection of all power sector news, editorials & articles in one newsletter.
The newsletter focuses on helping power sector professionals to stay updated without loosing time & money, & can be referred anywhere, anytime . The PSAG has published 9 successful editions and has a distribution network of more than 4000 in power sector companies, consultants and professionals.
Dr Mahendra P Lama in Parallel Session A1 of Ninth South Asia Economic Summit (SAES) organised by Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) on 15-16 October 2016 presented on "Achieving Sustainable Energy for All in South Asia: Modalities of Cooperation". #SAES9 For further details visit: http://saes9.cpd.org.bd/
Manan Juneja's Report on REC MARKET DEMANDManan Juneja
This document summarizes a study on estimating the demand for Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) in India under the REC mechanism introduced by the government to promote non-conventional renewable energy sources. The study analyzes various scenarios for Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) trajectories based on renewable energy supply potential and targets. It highlights challenges and opportunities for developing renewable energy in India. The objective is to model REC demand and supply in coming years considering changing RPOs, increasing renewable energy capacity and generation, and data from relevant authorities.
Role of Hydropower Electricity in Economic Development of NepalSanish Shrestha
This document discusses the role of hydropower electricity in Nepal's economic development. It provides background on hydropower in Nepal, including its theoretical potential of 83,000 MW and current generation of 800 MW. Micro hydropower projects have brought electricity to rural villages, improving lives. Bhutan's hydropower exports have significantly contributed to its economy. While progress has been made in Nepal, 30% still lack access and reliance on fossil fuels remains high. Challenges include management of local communities and financing delays. The state offers tax incentives to encourage hydropower development.
Small hydropower development in nepal iit roorkeeSanjeev Pokhrel
This document provides an overview of small hydropower development in Nepal. It discusses Nepal's energy landscape and reliance on biomass, its hydropower potential of 83,000 MW, and the classification of hydropower projects. The legal and policy environment for hydropower development is also outlined, including the roles of various government agencies and the application process. Challenges to small hydropower development include financing, lack of infrastructure, and power purchase agreements. Rural electrification programs have helped increase energy access, but hydropower remains underdeveloped in Nepal.
Region up energy projects to attract investmentsAllan Olingo
East African governments have doubled their efforts to increase energy output through multiple projects in order to meet rising demand and attract more investments. Rwanda, Tanzania and Kenya have all announced new power projects, with Rwanda aiming to increase electricity access to 70% of its population by 2017. Tanzania plans to generate up to 15,000MW of power by 2025 through projects like a $228 million transmission line connecting its grid to Kenya's. Kenya is targeting over 6,000MW of additional installed capacity from geothermal, hydro and wind projects by 2016 to address its infrastructure limitations.
We specialize in the development of process-driven, conceptual models to identify and improve the understanding of your mineral targets.
The spearhead of our services is delivering core drilling service in prompt and efficient manner.
A world of experience, technical knowledge, and understanding. That’s what Geonesis brings to your project. Profitable mining demands an independent, experienced, long-term perspective that gives you real clarity.
Whether its advice on project feasibility, property acquisitions or disposals, financing, geotechnical stability, sustainability or mine closure, we have an extensive breadth of knowledge and depth of experience to ensure you get the right advice, where and when you need it most.
This document summarizes small hydropower development in India. It discusses that India has an estimated small hydropower potential of 15,000 MW, of which around 2,000 MW has been tapped so far. The small hydropower program in India aims to add 1,400 MW of capacity during 2007-2012. Small hydropower projects up to 25 MW capacity are categorized as small hydropower in India. The small hydropower sector has become increasingly private investment driven in recent decades under new policies to encourage renewable energy development.
Power Sector at A Glance, the monthly newsletter was founded by the management students of UPES,Dehradun. The main objective it is to provide a digital collection of all power sector news, editorials & articles in one newsletter.
The newsletter focuses on helping power sector professionals to stay updated without loosing time & money, & can be referred anywhere, anytime . The PSAG has published 9 successful editions and has a distribution network of more than 4000 in power sector companies, consultants and professionals.
Dr Mahendra P Lama in Parallel Session A1 of Ninth South Asia Economic Summit (SAES) organised by Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) on 15-16 October 2016 presented on "Achieving Sustainable Energy for All in South Asia: Modalities of Cooperation". #SAES9 For further details visit: http://saes9.cpd.org.bd/
Manan Juneja's Report on REC MARKET DEMANDManan Juneja
This document summarizes a study on estimating the demand for Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) in India under the REC mechanism introduced by the government to promote non-conventional renewable energy sources. The study analyzes various scenarios for Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) trajectories based on renewable energy supply potential and targets. It highlights challenges and opportunities for developing renewable energy in India. The objective is to model REC demand and supply in coming years considering changing RPOs, increasing renewable energy capacity and generation, and data from relevant authorities.
Role of Hydropower Electricity in Economic Development of NepalSanish Shrestha
This document discusses the role of hydropower electricity in Nepal's economic development. It provides background on hydropower in Nepal, including its theoretical potential of 83,000 MW and current generation of 800 MW. Micro hydropower projects have brought electricity to rural villages, improving lives. Bhutan's hydropower exports have significantly contributed to its economy. While progress has been made in Nepal, 30% still lack access and reliance on fossil fuels remains high. Challenges include management of local communities and financing delays. The state offers tax incentives to encourage hydropower development.
Small hydropower development in nepal iit roorkeeSanjeev Pokhrel
This document provides an overview of small hydropower development in Nepal. It discusses Nepal's energy landscape and reliance on biomass, its hydropower potential of 83,000 MW, and the classification of hydropower projects. The legal and policy environment for hydropower development is also outlined, including the roles of various government agencies and the application process. Challenges to small hydropower development include financing, lack of infrastructure, and power purchase agreements. Rural electrification programs have helped increase energy access, but hydropower remains underdeveloped in Nepal.
This document provides an overview of the Indian power industry, including its evolution, current scenario, major activities, issues, and challenges. It discusses the key stages in the development of the power industry in India from 1956 to the present. It then summarizes the current scenario, highlighting India's status as a major global producer and consumer of electricity. The document also outlines the major functions of generation, transmission, distribution in the Indian power system and provides statistics related to installed capacity, annual generation, supply-demand gap, per capita consumption, and electrification. Finally, it discusses some of the major players in the Indian power market, including NTPC, Tata Power, and others.
Nepal has significant untapped hydropower potential from its 6000 rivers, estimated at 43,000 MW technically viable. However, developing small hydropower (SHP) faces many challenges, including policy inconsistency, planning deficiencies, licensing anomalies, constraints in power purchase agreements, financial constraints, environmental hurdles, security issues, social problems, and political instability. Currently, Nepal generates only 757 MW and imports 130 MW, meeting just over half of its peak demand of 1095 MW through load shedding and fuel wood, the primary energy source. Overcoming these challenges is necessary to develop Nepal's hydropower resources and meet its energy needs.
Foreign policy has topped the agenda of the Narendra Modi government in its first few months. Soon after taking charge, Prime Minister Modi completed a strategic engagement with the world’s three largest economies – Japan, China and the US – which together account for approximately 40% of the global GDP. This was part of a larger international reach-out that included neighbouring countries.
The government’s foreign policy accentuates three elements: economic engagement, security cooperation and energy security. The latest edition of MSLGROUP in India’s ‘Public Affairs Round-up’ (PAR) newsletter analyses the significant progress of the policy.
A rejuvenation of the economy cannot be achieved without reforms that are in keeping with the business environment and needs. These include achieving a critical balance between ecological conservation and industrial expansion, as well as more efficient public sector governance. This edition of PAR includes an infographic on the key reforms required.
For all of the above, a digital ecosystem could prove to be the game-changer. India has flagged off the Rs 1,13,000 crore ‘e-Kranti’, or ‘Digital India’, initiative – the world’s most ambitious broadband project. MSLGROUP in India puts the initiative under the microscope.
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
The document discusses several infrastructure development projects and initiatives in India:
1) The Modi government plans to invite global bids for construction of trunk infrastructure in five proposed smart cities by the end of the fiscal year.
2) Several highway projects worth over Rs 43,000 crore received no bids, worrying officials as ambitious targets are not being met.
3) India has pledged $100 million for upgrading the Chabahar port in Iran to improve trade connectivity with Afghanistan and Central Asia.
4) An agreement was signed for India and Japan to cooperate in developing Varanasi as a 'smart heritage city' modeled on Kyoto.
India renewable energy sector opportunity analysisRajesh Sarma
“India Renewable Energy Sector Opportunity Analysis” Report gives detailed overview on the following aspect related to renewable energy sector in India:
Significance of Renewable Energy for India
Renewable Energy Potential & Installed Capacity by Source
Government Support & Incentive Framework
Current Scenario of Decentralize/Off Grid Renewable Energy
Emerging Sources of Renewable Energy: Hydro, Geothermal & Tidal energy.
Policy & Regulatory Framework
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
Future Outlook for Renewable Energy
This document provides an overview of recent developments in Saudi Arabia's solar industry, including:
1) Saudi Arabia has launched ambitious renewable energy targets under Vision 2030, aiming to install 9.5 GW of renewable capacity by 2023.
2) Subsidy reforms have increased electricity tariffs for commercial and industrial users, incentivizing these sectors to adopt solar power and increase energy efficiency.
3) Several large companies in Saudi Arabia have begun installing solar PV systems to offset rising energy costs and reduce diesel consumption.
India’s dependence on coal for energy production is worrying. There is an urgent need to diversify energy sources; it could mean the difference between a robust economy and ones that struggles.
MSLGROUP in India’s latest public affairs newsletter analyses the government’s efforts to establish a renewable energy paradigm.
With solar power prices falling, it is clearly the focus of the push. Wind is another priority area. Ambitious targets have been set but the plan has its flaws. Critics point out that innovative funding models are required, so are tax incentives.
‘Public Affairs Round-up’ also puts under the microscope two landmark legislations – the controversial Land Acquisition Bill and the Insurance Bill. Both have been the subject of intense debate. While industry has lauded both of them, critics say the bills would have an adverse social and economic impact.
Similarly, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) finds itself at the centre of a political storm. A consensus among the states on it was elusive even as the government committed to implementing it next year.
What will they mean for India and will they help achieve the economic resurrection the country needs?
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
This presentation is Nepal's current energy scenario which enables public to understand why Nepal is facing acute shortage of power and what are the suggestive measures for the future.
Nepal has significant hydropower potential due to its geography but has developed only 600 MW of its estimated 40,000 MW potential. Hydropower currently provides most of Nepal's electricity but demand is growing and only 40% of the population has access. Nepal relies heavily on biomass like fuelwood, agricultural waste, and animal dung to meet its energy needs since electricity accounts for just 1% of total consumption. Expanding hydropower development could increase electricity access and dependency while reducing environmental impacts from other energy sources.
This document provides an overview of hydropower development in Nepal. It discusses Nepal's significant hydropower potential due to its abundant water resources and mountainous terrain. Key points include:
- Nepal has an estimated technical potential of 83,000 MW of hydropower, with over 50% considered financially feasible. However, only about 1% of this potential has been harnessed so far.
- The national power generation strategy aims to generate 4,000 MW of hydropower by 2027 to meet domestic demand and allow for exports.
- Hydropower projects are classified based on generation capacity as mini/micro, small, medium, or large. The majority of existing capacity comes from small hy
Ipp process in indonesia 1995 by cockcroft and fullerPeter Cockcroft
This was a snapshot of the Indonesian power sector in 1995, but also has very useful discussion about the IPP (Independent Power Process) process, Gas Sales Agreements (GSA), and has a Financial Closing checklist.
This document discusses opportunities in the environment and green technology sector in India. It notes that India faces diverse environmental challenges that require quick solutions to prevent further degradation and employ technologies that reduce resource use and emissions. The government is pushing the environment sector and focusing on developing India in an environmentally sensitive way. This has made India ready for clean technologies and created opportunities in renewable energy, science and technology, and the green shift of the nation. The document provides details on market sizes, investments, developments, and government initiatives in these sectors to support a transition to cleaner technologies.
The document discusses several energy news stories from Qatar, Oman, the UAE, Iran, Egypt, and Libya. Specifically:
- A consortium including Qatar Electricity and Water Co and Mitsubishi Corporation will build Qatar's biggest integrated power and water plant for $3.15 billion.
- Oman's Public Authority for Electricity and Water is developing a National Energy Strategy to identify energy sources and meet the country's needs through 2040.
- A report found solar energy in the UAE is now cost-competitive with oil and gas, and renewables could make up 25% of the country's power generation by 2030 more cheaply than current targets.
- Iran increased
The document discusses hydropower development in India. It notes that India has significant untapped hydropower potential of 148 GW, but only 36 GW is currently installed. Various factors have contributed to slow development, including environmental concerns, resettlement issues, and delays in approvals. The document argues for a renewed focus on responsible hydropower development to meet India's growing energy needs in a sustainable way and help power economic growth.
Key achievements:
• The Renewable Energy Advocate and the NSW Department of Industry provided support
for 17 large-scale renewable energy projects, totalling a potential 4,500 megawatts of new
capacity and $6 billion of investment.
• The $440 million Solar Flagships projects progressed with the Nyngan Solar Plant achieving
its maximum designed generation capacity and over half of the photovoltaic modules at the
Broken Hill Solar Plant are generating electricity.
• Over the past year, three large-scale renewable energy projects, including Nyngan Solar Plant,
came online, representing over $900 million of investment, 380 megawatts of capacity and
enough output to power 140,000 homes each year.
• The NSW Government sponsored the Network Opportunity Mapping project led by the
Institute of Sustainable Futures, which will highlight opportunities for renewable energy to
meet network constraints.
Victoria, while rich in renewable energy resources and strong industry capabilities in ICT, its dependence on brown coal as an energy source has meant it has struggled in demonstrating leadership in the emerging or so called "new energy" sector. This sector strategy published in 2016, suggests that the state's appetite for change has moved in the right direction, with some of the plans e.g. setting renewable energy generation targets, already being committed to publicly. This will greatly help in bringing further investment in new energy into the state.
New energy technologies are a small but growing part of Victoria’s economy. New energy technologies include forms of renewable energy, innovations that make the state's energy system more efficient, and the products and services that increase consumers’ control over their energy needs. The new energy technologies sector
creates jobs to deliver these outcomes to the state.
New energy technologies offer potential for substantial employment growth across the state because of competitive advantages in the sector. Victoria enjoys significant advantages in areas such as information and communications technology (ICT), advanced manufacturing, and material engineering. It also has abundant world-class renewable energy resources, smart meter infrastructure, and research and technological
capabilities, so it is well-placed to capitalise on sector growth.
1. Developed an adaptive thermal comfort model for India to make the national building code more relevant to local climatic and cultural contexts.
2. Facilitated a tiered compliance approach to sequence code adoption based on ease of enforcement and market readiness, helping smoother implementation.
3. Supported implementation roadmaps for states and knowledge sharing to help roll out the code, while working with cities to incorporate criteria in building by-laws for better enforcement.
Investment confidence in Australia’s renewable energy sector has significantly improved following the legislation of the revised Large-scale Renewable Energy Target (LRET) in mid-
2015, a new Prime Minister that is more supportive of renewable energy and a strong outcome at the Paris climate change conference. The level and pace of investment will need to increase substantially in 2016 and 2017 in order
for liable parties to deliver on the 2020 legislated target and obligation. The Clean Energy
Regulator estimates that for this to happen, around 3000 MW of new renewable capacity should
be committed in 2016.
This paper outlines the status of progress towards delivering on the 2020 target of 33,000 GWh
of new large-scale renewable energy generation. While there will be challenges, this paper finds
that there is reason to be optimistic that the required new investment will be delivered within the
required timeframe.
Bangladesh is constructing its first nuclear power plant, the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, with Russian assistance. The 2.4 GW plant is expected to begin operations in 2023 and will supply much needed electricity to help Bangladesh achieve its development goals. However, some have raised safety and economic concerns due to Bangladesh's lack of nuclear experience and reliance on foreign expertise. The plant will help meet the country's growing energy demands but debates continue around the risks versus the benefits of nuclear power compared to renewable sources.
The document discusses transnational trade of electricity from Bangladesh's perspective. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's power sector, including generation capacity breakdown by fuel type and sector. Bangladesh aims to increase regional grid interconnection and power trade as part of its Power System Master Plan to ensure energy security. Current initiatives include a 500MW interconnection with India and discussions with Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan. Legal and policy reforms seek to encourage private sector investment and establish a competitive power market and grid access. Regional cooperation on power trade is seen as important for regional energy security.
The document analyzes and compares two news articles from different sources about the same event - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif laying the foundation stone of a coal power plant in Sahiwal. The articles report on the event in different styles - one uses more direct quotations and strong language while the other uses simpler and softer language. Both articles include direct and indirect speech from the Prime Minister's comments but interpret his indirect statements differently. The document concludes the articles convey the same overall information but in distinct journalistic styles through their use of language and paraphrasing.
Mr. Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Secretary, Power Division, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
at RPR 2012, 23-26 August, Goa, India
This document provides an overview of the Indian power industry, including its evolution, current scenario, major activities, issues, and challenges. It discusses the key stages in the development of the power industry in India from 1956 to the present. It then summarizes the current scenario, highlighting India's status as a major global producer and consumer of electricity. The document also outlines the major functions of generation, transmission, distribution in the Indian power system and provides statistics related to installed capacity, annual generation, supply-demand gap, per capita consumption, and electrification. Finally, it discusses some of the major players in the Indian power market, including NTPC, Tata Power, and others.
Nepal has significant untapped hydropower potential from its 6000 rivers, estimated at 43,000 MW technically viable. However, developing small hydropower (SHP) faces many challenges, including policy inconsistency, planning deficiencies, licensing anomalies, constraints in power purchase agreements, financial constraints, environmental hurdles, security issues, social problems, and political instability. Currently, Nepal generates only 757 MW and imports 130 MW, meeting just over half of its peak demand of 1095 MW through load shedding and fuel wood, the primary energy source. Overcoming these challenges is necessary to develop Nepal's hydropower resources and meet its energy needs.
Foreign policy has topped the agenda of the Narendra Modi government in its first few months. Soon after taking charge, Prime Minister Modi completed a strategic engagement with the world’s three largest economies – Japan, China and the US – which together account for approximately 40% of the global GDP. This was part of a larger international reach-out that included neighbouring countries.
The government’s foreign policy accentuates three elements: economic engagement, security cooperation and energy security. The latest edition of MSLGROUP in India’s ‘Public Affairs Round-up’ (PAR) newsletter analyses the significant progress of the policy.
A rejuvenation of the economy cannot be achieved without reforms that are in keeping with the business environment and needs. These include achieving a critical balance between ecological conservation and industrial expansion, as well as more efficient public sector governance. This edition of PAR includes an infographic on the key reforms required.
For all of the above, a digital ecosystem could prove to be the game-changer. India has flagged off the Rs 1,13,000 crore ‘e-Kranti’, or ‘Digital India’, initiative – the world’s most ambitious broadband project. MSLGROUP in India puts the initiative under the microscope.
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
The document discusses several infrastructure development projects and initiatives in India:
1) The Modi government plans to invite global bids for construction of trunk infrastructure in five proposed smart cities by the end of the fiscal year.
2) Several highway projects worth over Rs 43,000 crore received no bids, worrying officials as ambitious targets are not being met.
3) India has pledged $100 million for upgrading the Chabahar port in Iran to improve trade connectivity with Afghanistan and Central Asia.
4) An agreement was signed for India and Japan to cooperate in developing Varanasi as a 'smart heritage city' modeled on Kyoto.
India renewable energy sector opportunity analysisRajesh Sarma
“India Renewable Energy Sector Opportunity Analysis” Report gives detailed overview on the following aspect related to renewable energy sector in India:
Significance of Renewable Energy for India
Renewable Energy Potential & Installed Capacity by Source
Government Support & Incentive Framework
Current Scenario of Decentralize/Off Grid Renewable Energy
Emerging Sources of Renewable Energy: Hydro, Geothermal & Tidal energy.
Policy & Regulatory Framework
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
Future Outlook for Renewable Energy
This document provides an overview of recent developments in Saudi Arabia's solar industry, including:
1) Saudi Arabia has launched ambitious renewable energy targets under Vision 2030, aiming to install 9.5 GW of renewable capacity by 2023.
2) Subsidy reforms have increased electricity tariffs for commercial and industrial users, incentivizing these sectors to adopt solar power and increase energy efficiency.
3) Several large companies in Saudi Arabia have begun installing solar PV systems to offset rising energy costs and reduce diesel consumption.
India’s dependence on coal for energy production is worrying. There is an urgent need to diversify energy sources; it could mean the difference between a robust economy and ones that struggles.
MSLGROUP in India’s latest public affairs newsletter analyses the government’s efforts to establish a renewable energy paradigm.
With solar power prices falling, it is clearly the focus of the push. Wind is another priority area. Ambitious targets have been set but the plan has its flaws. Critics point out that innovative funding models are required, so are tax incentives.
‘Public Affairs Round-up’ also puts under the microscope two landmark legislations – the controversial Land Acquisition Bill and the Insurance Bill. Both have been the subject of intense debate. While industry has lauded both of them, critics say the bills would have an adverse social and economic impact.
Similarly, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) finds itself at the centre of a political storm. A consensus among the states on it was elusive even as the government committed to implementing it next year.
What will they mean for India and will they help achieve the economic resurrection the country needs?
We hope you enjoy reading it. For more information or feedback connect with our India team @MSLGROUP_India or reach out to us on Twitter @msl_group.
This presentation is Nepal's current energy scenario which enables public to understand why Nepal is facing acute shortage of power and what are the suggestive measures for the future.
Nepal has significant hydropower potential due to its geography but has developed only 600 MW of its estimated 40,000 MW potential. Hydropower currently provides most of Nepal's electricity but demand is growing and only 40% of the population has access. Nepal relies heavily on biomass like fuelwood, agricultural waste, and animal dung to meet its energy needs since electricity accounts for just 1% of total consumption. Expanding hydropower development could increase electricity access and dependency while reducing environmental impacts from other energy sources.
This document provides an overview of hydropower development in Nepal. It discusses Nepal's significant hydropower potential due to its abundant water resources and mountainous terrain. Key points include:
- Nepal has an estimated technical potential of 83,000 MW of hydropower, with over 50% considered financially feasible. However, only about 1% of this potential has been harnessed so far.
- The national power generation strategy aims to generate 4,000 MW of hydropower by 2027 to meet domestic demand and allow for exports.
- Hydropower projects are classified based on generation capacity as mini/micro, small, medium, or large. The majority of existing capacity comes from small hy
Ipp process in indonesia 1995 by cockcroft and fullerPeter Cockcroft
This was a snapshot of the Indonesian power sector in 1995, but also has very useful discussion about the IPP (Independent Power Process) process, Gas Sales Agreements (GSA), and has a Financial Closing checklist.
This document discusses opportunities in the environment and green technology sector in India. It notes that India faces diverse environmental challenges that require quick solutions to prevent further degradation and employ technologies that reduce resource use and emissions. The government is pushing the environment sector and focusing on developing India in an environmentally sensitive way. This has made India ready for clean technologies and created opportunities in renewable energy, science and technology, and the green shift of the nation. The document provides details on market sizes, investments, developments, and government initiatives in these sectors to support a transition to cleaner technologies.
The document discusses several energy news stories from Qatar, Oman, the UAE, Iran, Egypt, and Libya. Specifically:
- A consortium including Qatar Electricity and Water Co and Mitsubishi Corporation will build Qatar's biggest integrated power and water plant for $3.15 billion.
- Oman's Public Authority for Electricity and Water is developing a National Energy Strategy to identify energy sources and meet the country's needs through 2040.
- A report found solar energy in the UAE is now cost-competitive with oil and gas, and renewables could make up 25% of the country's power generation by 2030 more cheaply than current targets.
- Iran increased
The document discusses hydropower development in India. It notes that India has significant untapped hydropower potential of 148 GW, but only 36 GW is currently installed. Various factors have contributed to slow development, including environmental concerns, resettlement issues, and delays in approvals. The document argues for a renewed focus on responsible hydropower development to meet India's growing energy needs in a sustainable way and help power economic growth.
Key achievements:
• The Renewable Energy Advocate and the NSW Department of Industry provided support
for 17 large-scale renewable energy projects, totalling a potential 4,500 megawatts of new
capacity and $6 billion of investment.
• The $440 million Solar Flagships projects progressed with the Nyngan Solar Plant achieving
its maximum designed generation capacity and over half of the photovoltaic modules at the
Broken Hill Solar Plant are generating electricity.
• Over the past year, three large-scale renewable energy projects, including Nyngan Solar Plant,
came online, representing over $900 million of investment, 380 megawatts of capacity and
enough output to power 140,000 homes each year.
• The NSW Government sponsored the Network Opportunity Mapping project led by the
Institute of Sustainable Futures, which will highlight opportunities for renewable energy to
meet network constraints.
Victoria, while rich in renewable energy resources and strong industry capabilities in ICT, its dependence on brown coal as an energy source has meant it has struggled in demonstrating leadership in the emerging or so called "new energy" sector. This sector strategy published in 2016, suggests that the state's appetite for change has moved in the right direction, with some of the plans e.g. setting renewable energy generation targets, already being committed to publicly. This will greatly help in bringing further investment in new energy into the state.
New energy technologies are a small but growing part of Victoria’s economy. New energy technologies include forms of renewable energy, innovations that make the state's energy system more efficient, and the products and services that increase consumers’ control over their energy needs. The new energy technologies sector
creates jobs to deliver these outcomes to the state.
New energy technologies offer potential for substantial employment growth across the state because of competitive advantages in the sector. Victoria enjoys significant advantages in areas such as information and communications technology (ICT), advanced manufacturing, and material engineering. It also has abundant world-class renewable energy resources, smart meter infrastructure, and research and technological
capabilities, so it is well-placed to capitalise on sector growth.
1. Developed an adaptive thermal comfort model for India to make the national building code more relevant to local climatic and cultural contexts.
2. Facilitated a tiered compliance approach to sequence code adoption based on ease of enforcement and market readiness, helping smoother implementation.
3. Supported implementation roadmaps for states and knowledge sharing to help roll out the code, while working with cities to incorporate criteria in building by-laws for better enforcement.
Investment confidence in Australia’s renewable energy sector has significantly improved following the legislation of the revised Large-scale Renewable Energy Target (LRET) in mid-
2015, a new Prime Minister that is more supportive of renewable energy and a strong outcome at the Paris climate change conference. The level and pace of investment will need to increase substantially in 2016 and 2017 in order
for liable parties to deliver on the 2020 legislated target and obligation. The Clean Energy
Regulator estimates that for this to happen, around 3000 MW of new renewable capacity should
be committed in 2016.
This paper outlines the status of progress towards delivering on the 2020 target of 33,000 GWh
of new large-scale renewable energy generation. While there will be challenges, this paper finds
that there is reason to be optimistic that the required new investment will be delivered within the
required timeframe.
Bangladesh is constructing its first nuclear power plant, the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, with Russian assistance. The 2.4 GW plant is expected to begin operations in 2023 and will supply much needed electricity to help Bangladesh achieve its development goals. However, some have raised safety and economic concerns due to Bangladesh's lack of nuclear experience and reliance on foreign expertise. The plant will help meet the country's growing energy demands but debates continue around the risks versus the benefits of nuclear power compared to renewable sources.
The document discusses transnational trade of electricity from Bangladesh's perspective. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's power sector, including generation capacity breakdown by fuel type and sector. Bangladesh aims to increase regional grid interconnection and power trade as part of its Power System Master Plan to ensure energy security. Current initiatives include a 500MW interconnection with India and discussions with Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan. Legal and policy reforms seek to encourage private sector investment and establish a competitive power market and grid access. Regional cooperation on power trade is seen as important for regional energy security.
The document analyzes and compares two news articles from different sources about the same event - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif laying the foundation stone of a coal power plant in Sahiwal. The articles report on the event in different styles - one uses more direct quotations and strong language while the other uses simpler and softer language. Both articles include direct and indirect speech from the Prime Minister's comments but interpret his indirect statements differently. The document concludes the articles convey the same overall information but in distinct journalistic styles through their use of language and paraphrasing.
Mr. Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Secretary, Power Division, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
at RPR 2012, 23-26 August, Goa, India
The document provides an overview of power generation, transmission, distribution, and rural electrification in India. Some key points:
- Power generation increased 8.43% in 2014-15, led by growth in thermal generation.
- Transmission is managed by Power Grid Corporation of India, which owns over 1,13,587 circuit km of lines and aims to invest Rs. 100,000 crore during the 12th plan.
- Distribution remains the responsibility of state governments, and the government provides assistance through schemes like IPDS and DDUGJY to improve rural and urban distribution networks.
- Rural electrification status and funding mechanisms under the DDUGJY scheme are outlined.
The National Investment Summit 2019 in Nepal saw significant participation from foreign companies and investors. Over 300 foreign companies from 40 countries and 600 domestic participants attended. 15 deals and memorandums of understanding were signed worth over $650 million for infrastructure projects. These included hydropower plants, solar projects, special economic zones, and resort development. 17 project applications were also received for airports, roads, agriculture, and other sectors. The Nepali government is committed to further reforms and implementing deals to attract more foreign direct investment.
Energy Transit & Cross Border Electricity Trade-PakistanSaadatAli36
The document discusses Pakistan's power connectivity with neighboring countries. It outlines the objective of collectively using abundant energy resources through regional interconnection under SAARC. Early power delivery from neighboring countries could help meet Pakistan's urgent power needs. Requirements include competitive near-term power delivery to Pakistan's grid on a year-round basis through transmission lines that benefit communities. The regional grid concept was first discussed in 1998 and an energy cooperation framework agreement was signed in 2014. Pakistan already imports power from Iran and could import more from Central Asia through proposed projects.
The document provides information on several international projects and organizations:
- The Kaladan project connects ports in Myanmar and India to improve trade.
- The Kartarpur corridor will allow Sikh pilgrims to easily visit a holy site in Pakistan.
- The International Solar Alliance aims to mobilize over $1000 billion for solar energy projects among member states.
- Regional forums like ASEAN, APEC and RCEP promote economic cooperation in Asia and the Pacific.
Recent infrastructural development in bangladesh and it’s impact on economyTanu Kirttania
This document summarizes a presentation on recent infrastructural developments in Bangladesh and their impact on the economy. It outlines several major infrastructure projects underway, including the Padma Bridge, Dhaka Metro Rail project, deep sea ports, and energy projects. It discusses how improved infrastructure can boost GDP, jobs, and standards of living. While progress has been made, the document notes Bangladesh still lags countries like India and China in overall infrastructure quality. Challenges to further development are also summarized.
The document compares renewable energy policies in Andhra Pradesh and Punjab. It notes that both states are currently in legal battles to renegotiate existing power purchase agreements (PPAs) signed with renewable energy producers. This could jeopardize billions of rupees of investment and increase non-performing bank assets. While technological advances have reduced power prices, earlier investments were based on the pricing mechanisms in place at the time and reneging on contracts could deter further investment in renewable energy goals. Several other states also have large outstanding dues to renewable energy producers.
NewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al Awadi.pdfKhaled Al Awadi
NewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al AwadiNewBase 23 June-2023 Energy News issue - 1632 by Khaled Al Awadi
News Letter Climate Parliament 2015 finalNahim Razzaq
The document discusses the work of the Climate Parliament in Bangladesh to promote renewable energy. It outlines how the Climate Parliament group of MPs has advocated for policies and funding to support renewable energy development in Bangladesh. Some of their key successes include helping pass the Sustainable and Renewable Energy Development Agency Act in 2012 and securing 400 crore Taka for a Renewable Energy Fund in the 2014-15 budget. Recently they have worked to establish a Renewable Energy Roadmap for Bangladesh through stakeholder consultations and meetings with government officials.
China Pakistan economic corridor Budget, route and project covered.Sharjeel Khawaja
The document summarizes China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a major project between China and Pakistan that aims to improve connectivity and cooperation. CPEC involves over $60 billion in infrastructure investments in Pakistan, including roads, railways, pipelines, and energy projects. It is seen as an important initiative to develop Pakistan's economy and improve living standards. However, some analysts are concerned it could increase competition with India and others in the region. The document also discusses potential benefits and challenges of CPEC projects.
The document discusses the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project which involves over $60 billion in infrastructure investment between China and Pakistan. CPEC aims to modernize Pakistani infrastructure through transportation, energy and special economic zone projects. It is expected to significantly boost Pakistan's economic growth by resolving energy shortages and increasing GDP growth rates to 7% by 2018 through the creation of jobs and development of sectors like agriculture and industry. Some of the major projects under CPEC discussed include the Gwadar Port, Sahiwal Power Plant, and an upgraded Karachi-Peshawar motorway. The document analyzes the potential impacts and benefits of CPEC in strengthening the economies of both
The document discusses Ultra Mega Power Projects (UMPPs) in India. It outlines that UMPPs are large coal power projects of 4000+ MW capacity each that are developed on a build-own-operate basis. Nine projects have been identified so far, with contracts awarded for four located at pit heads near coal mines. The projects aim to address India's growing power needs and pace of capacity addition. Barriers to private sector participation previously included regulatory issues but reforms like the Electricity Act of 2003 have helped support UMPPs. The process for developing UMPPs involves setting up special purpose vehicles and shell companies to handle land acquisition, clearances and competitive bidding for developers.
New base 1033 special 23 may 2017 energy newsKhaled Al Awadi
The UAE Minister of Energy headed a delegation to Indonesia to strengthen bilateral economic ties. During meetings with Indonesian President Joko Widodo, they discussed opportunities for cooperation in fields like electricity, infrastructure, ports, and renewable energy. They also discussed several bilateral economic issues and reviewed mechanisms for expanding regional cooperation and trade between the two countries. Oman announced plans to issue a Request for Proposals for its first large-scale solar independent power project, as well as new gas and water projects, to meet growing electricity and water demand in the country. Iraq's SOMO oil marketer is considering joint ventures in oil shipping and storage, similar to a new trading venture set up with Russia's Litasco.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a $75 billion investment in Pakistan that aims to connect China's western province of Xinjiang to Pakistan's southern port of Gwadar. The 3,218 kilometer corridor will include highways, railways, and pipelines to facilitate trade and energy projects. It is estimated that CPEC will create 700,000 jobs and add 2.5% to Pakistan's annual GDP growth. While CPEC promises immense economic opportunities by reducing trade costs, some have concerns over local displacement, lack of transparency, and uneven provincial investment allocations. The project's finalized route aims to minimize costs and pass through six Pakistani provinces.
The document discusses several infrastructure development projects and initiatives in India:
1) The Modi government plans to invite global bids for construction of trunk infrastructure in five proposed smart cities by the end of the fiscal year.
2) Several highway projects worth over Rs 43,000 crore received no bids due to factors like credit squeeze, rising NPAs, and land/regulatory issues impeding infrastructure growth.
3) India has pledged $100 million for upgrading Iran's Chabahar port to improve trade connectivity with Afghanistan and Central Asia.
The document discusses several infrastructure development projects and initiatives in India:
1) The Modi government plans to invite global bids for construction of trunk infrastructure in five proposed smart cities by the end of the fiscal year.
2) Several highway projects worth over Rs 43,000 crore received no bids, worrying officials as ambitious targets are not being met.
3) India has pledged $100 million for upgrading the Chabahar port in Iran to improve trade connectivity with Afghanistan and Central Asia.
4) An agreement was signed for India and Japan to cooperate in developing Varanasi as a 'smart heritage city' modeled on Kyoto.
Similar to Energy Cooperation in SAARC countries (20)
The Move Towards Sustainable Transport in London - Mr. Steve KearnsIPPAI
This document discusses transport issues in London and strategies to promote more sustainable transport. It summarizes:
1) London faces significant transport challenges due to its growing population and over 23 million daily trips.
2) Transport for London is taking steps to encourage more sustainable modes of transport like walking, cycling, and public transit to reduce congestion. This includes upgrading infrastructure for buses, trains, and cycling.
3) Major events like the 2012 Olympics required extensive planning to manage large crowds and keep London moving, demonstrating how transport systems can be adapted to handle peak demand. Lessons from the Olympics are helping to inform ongoing improvements.
Standards – building blocks of the Smart City - Michael MulquinIPPAI
Standards are important building blocks for smart cities that can help at various levels. Benefits of smart city standards include enabling integration between different city systems, underpinning common understanding, helping to obtain funding and prevent vendor lock-in, and enabling scale. Many international standards organizations are working on smart city standards, including ISO, IEC, ITU, JTC1, CEN, and CENELEC. Their work includes areas like cybersecurity, resilience, and risk assessment. Key lessons are that India has much to learn from these efforts but also contribute through the Bureau of Indian Standards.
This document discusses principles for sustainable urban development in the 21st century. It outlines 5 principles: 1) adequate and efficient street networks, 2) mixed land use, 3) social mix, 4) adequate density, and 5) connectivity. It also discusses a 3-legged approach involving rules and regulations, urban design, and financial plans. Case studies from various cities around the world illustrate how these principles have been applied. The document argues that applying these principles along with new technologies can help address challenges of rapid urban growth and create more livable, connected, and economically vibrant cities.
Smart, Secure and Sustainable Cities India – Mr. Trevor GibsonIPPAI
Cities face complex challenges due to diverse populations and multiple stakeholders, but standards can help cities achieve their smart goals. Standards guide rather than constrain and address objectives, shared understanding, data sharing, and risks. Current BSI standards cover frameworks, vocabularies, planning, data concepts, and data sharing. A maturity assessment engages leaders to evaluate a city's "smartness" and positions standards as useful tools. While cities define "smart" differently, collaboration and shared vision are key to success, as is citizen involvement and trust. Standards that provide guidance rather than prescription can support varied city approaches lacking clear direction.
Industry Qualifications India - Cdr(Retd.) Kartik VigIPPAI
This document discusses Industry Qualifications India (IQ), which aims to bring stringent quality norms and international standards to vocational training in India. It notes that India needs to significantly increase skills training to meet its growing workforce needs. IQ plans to map existing Indian courses to international standards, develop new niche qualifications, and offer international certification for its qualifications. The benefits mentioned include increasing employment, income, and international experience for India; assuring quality and skills for industries; and providing credibility and career prospects for educational institutes. Going forward, IQ intends to expand nationwide, develop specialized courses, and help link industries and training providers.
The document discusses the Future Cities Catapult, which is one of seven innovation centers in the UK that aims to commercialize innovations and take them to markets around the world. Specifically, the Future Cities Catapult focuses on addressing challenges facing urban areas, such as increasing populations, inequality, and resource pressures. It plans to create a market for solutions to urban issues by establishing a housing lab for data analytics and modeling, building digital strategy demonstrators in cities, and creating an economic impact database to prove viability and demand to businesses and cities.
Can the dream of 100% renewable energy be a reality? - Mr. Ken DragoonIPPAI
This document summarizes a report on transforming power systems to derive most or all energy from variable renewable energy sources. It identifies three main challenges in relying primarily on renewable resources: rapidly adjusting supply and demand, filling in during low renewable output, and absorbing surplus energy. The document outlines a three-part transformation involving near, mid, and long-term changes to address these challenges through strategies like exploiting demand flexibility, enabling energy markets, controlling renewable generators, deploying energy storage, and establishing new energy uses.
Smart Cities, Smart Consequences? - Mr. Devdutt PattanaikIPPAI
The document discusses the evolution of cities from hunter-gatherer communities to modern cities and proposes futuristic smart cities as the next stage. It notes how early human settlements developed forests for protection, farming, trade, crafts, arts, sciences, script, power structures and governance as populations grew. The author argues smart cities could solve complex urban problems but also raises the issue of unintended consequences that require consideration.
1) The document discusses what is required for cities to be considered "smart cities" on a global scale. It examines trends in ecological footprints and biodiversity loss as well as the role of cities as centers of economic growth and urbanization.
2) Smart cities need to transition to low-carbon development through sustainable urban planning, renewable energy, green buildings, and engaging citizens to make sustainable lifestyle choices. The Earth Hour City Challenge recognizes cities that demonstrate global leadership in committing to and taking ambitious actions on climate change.
3) Cities require national and global support through knowledge sharing and financial innovation, as well as engaging citizens, to make progress toward becoming globally recognized smart cities that improve quality of life through sustainable urban solutions
From Smart Grid to Smart Cities - Richard SchombergIPPAI
Richard Schomberg discusses how smart cities use embedded sensors and a shared digital infrastructure across various systems like power, water, and transportation. This allows for the collection and analysis of data to improve operations in areas like traffic congestion prediction and crime reduction. However, smart cities also require long-term energy planning during their design to optimize renewable energy use, energy efficiency, and electric vehicle integration in a sustainable way. System modeling and simulation can help discover solutions and optimize goals like costs, emissions, and livability when planning new urban developments and infrastructure. Ultimately, smart city design should have an integrated systems approach and prioritize understanding human needs.
Mr. Harry Dhaul, Director General of Security Watch India, delivered an inaugural address thanking the audience. The address did not contain any other information beyond introducing Mr. Dhaul and expressing gratitude.
Future Cities: Innovation, Investment and Transformation - Professor Sir Dav...IPPAI
The document discusses future challenges facing cities including population growth, resource constraints, climate change, and their interactions. It notes that over 70% of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2050 and cities face challenges around food, water, energy security, health, and climate change. The document outlines rising global temperatures, sea level rise, extreme weather events, and crop failures as impacts of climate change. It advocates for smart, secure, and sustainable cities through innovation, investment, and transformation to address these challenges through approaches like circular economies, low-carbon vehicles, and prioritizing people over cars.
Smart Water and Waste Management for Smart Cities - Mr. James DunningIPPAI
The document discusses smart water and waste management technologies for smart cities. It describes some of the barriers to implementing smart water systems, such as too many alarms overwhelming operators. The document also provides examples of smart water deployments by Thames Water and Anglian Water. Anglian Water deployed monitoring units that helped locate leaks and bursts. After repair work, the units showed a reduction in bursts and leaks, saving water.
Smart Water and Wastewater Management For Smart Cities - Mr. Anjum ParwezIPPAI
The document discusses smart water and wastewater management in Indian cities. It provides data on water availability, sources of drinking water, wastewater treatment, and initiatives to improve services in various cities. It highlights challenges like inadequate and inequitable water supply, high non-revenue water, and lack of sewerage infrastructure. Recent initiatives by organizations like BWSSB and under programs like AMRUT and JnNURM aim to ensure regular water supply, reduce losses, recycle wastewater, and improve cost recovery through measures like metering and tariffs. Public-private partnerships are also being used to enhance water and sanitation services in cities.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity JourneyAggregage
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemesnarinav14
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
1. Energy Cooperation in South Asia.
(G Parthasarathy)
At the SAARC Summit meeting in Kathmandu in January 2003, the SAARC Heads of
Government proclaimed: “To give effect to the shared aspirations for a more prosperous
South Asia, the (SAARC) Leaders agreed on the vision of a phased and planned process,
eventually leading to a South Asian Economic Union”. The process of economic integration
has been far slower in South Asia, than what has transpired in India’s relations with ASEAN.
India has concluded a Free Trade Agreement in goods with its ASEAN partners. It is now
close to concluding a comprehensive free trade agreement in both goods and services with
ASEAN. Moreover, India has also, in the recent past, concluded agreements for
Comprehensive Economic Cooperation with Japan and South Korea. There is now increasing
readiness for barriers being removed in a phased manner, for free trade in goods, services
and investment between India and its eastern neighbours, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan
and Nepal and with Maldives to India’s west. The entire SAARC process of economic
integration has, however, been impeded, as Pakistan has shown no inclination to even fully
implement the provisions of the SAARC Free Trade Agreement in goods, in its trade with
India. The entire SAARC Vision of moving towards an Economic Union lies in the doldrums.
Any process of regional economic integration is naturally accompanied by efforts to
develop a common energy grid. There is growing grid interconnectivity in North America
between Canada, the US and Mexico, with prospects of carrying such interconnectivity into
Latin America. In Europe, a programme has been embarked upon to develop “Smart Grids”
at national and European levels, which are user centred, market based and sustainable.
Despite existing problems in promoting regional connectivity in South Asia, the SAARC
Energy Centre based in Islamabad along with the IPPAI organized a Workshop in Kathmandu
on June 26-27 on: “Organising Regulations and Policies for Cross Border Power Trade, Risk
Sharing and Financial Settlement Issues”. While this is certainly a laudable long-term
objective, what needs to be considered is whether this can be introduced regionally, or
whether it would be more realistic to look at this issue in the context of existing bilateral
power and energy cooperation in South Asia. We need, therefore, to first look at recent
developments in energy cooperation in South Asia.
Nepal:
During the July 2014 visit to External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj to Kathmandu,
Nepal and India agreed to finalise the text of the Power Trading Agreement at the earliest.
The Agreement is to pave the way for either country to purchase any quantity of electricity,
when energy production dwindles and sell any quantity of power, when production exceeds
domestic need. During the meeting between the two Foreign Ministers, they also agreed to
2. expedite the process of preparing a detailed project report on the Pancheshwar
Multipurpose Project, which has the potential to generate nine billion units of electricity per
year. The Foreign Ministers also agreed to finalise the terms of reference of the
Pancheshwar Development Authority, which will oversee implementation of the
Pancheshwar Project. “The two Foreign Ministers underscored the importance of harnessing
Nepal’s vast hydropower potentials for mutual benefit,” said a joint press statement issued
after completion of the meeting.
Further, an understanding was also reached to expedite the construction of 132 kV
Kataiya-Kusaha and 132 KV, Raxaul-Parwanipur transmission lines so that Nepal could
import additional power from India in the short term, to address its continuing power
deficit. During the July 2014 talks, both sides also took notice of Nepal’s widening trade
deficit with India, and agreed to take effective measures to increase the country’s exports to
the southern neighbour. “In order to promote Nepal’s exports to India, the Indian side
agreed to further relaxing the rules of origin requirements; simplifying and streamlining
transit and customs related procedures; eliminating technical barriers to trade and making
(quarantine processes) less stringent; and lifting quantitative restrictions on exports of
Nepali products to India,” the Joint Statement proclaimed.
Uniquely situated with the world’s steepest mountains and some of the world’s
heaviest rainfall, Nepal possesses an unparalleled hydropower generation potential. The
perennial attributes of Nepali rivers and the steep decline in height from Mount Everest to
the north Indian plains provide ideal conditions for the development of some of the world’s
largest hydroelectric projects in Nepal. The most often published figures relating to Nepali
hydroelectric potential is approximately 83,000 MW, Yet Nepal currently has just 600 MW
of installed hydropower capacity, leaving 99% of this resource untapped. Sandwiched
between the two most rapidly expanding yet energy-starved economies on earth, this is a
time like no other, for Nepal to expedite hydropower investments. One encouraging
development has gs been action by Nepal to issue 28 survey licences for hydropower
projects amounting to 8249 MW. Some of these surveys have been completed, but much
work needs to be done for finalising power purchase agreements and financial closure. The
issue of the duration of these projects also needs to be mutually agreed upon.
What emerged from the visit of Mrs. Sushma Swaraj’s visit is that the there would be
yet more studies on development of Nepal’s Hydroelectric potential. Given the political
situation in Nepal, where political attention is now almost entirely focused on drawing up a
new Constitution, it remains to be seen whether the Constitution making efforts will
succeed soon. Only then could we perhaps look forward to meaningful movement in
exploiting the country’s vast hydroelectric potential. The diffidence in Nepal on early
development of its vast hydroelectric power potential is evident from the fact that the
present focus of attention in primarily on securing World Bank financing for the Nepal-India
Electricity Transmission and Trade Project. This project is designed to provide for the early
3. import of 100 MW from India and to expand cross border transmission capacity to 1000
MW.
Bhutan:
Bhutan currently uses only 390 MW of its 30,000 MW hydropower potential (or 1.3
percent). Even at its modest level of development, hydropower has already emerged as the
mainstay of the Bhutanese economy, alongside tourism. The experience of India’s
cooperation with Bhutan has been radically different from what has emerged in its relations
with Nepal. Bilateral cooperation was initiated with the commissioning of a 60 MW hydro-electric
project in April 2006. The first of six Hydro-electric projects of 170 MW, the Tala
Project, was commissioned in July 2006. Ten hydro-electric projects were agreed for
implementation in 2009. Three of these projects are under construction. Project reports for
4 other projects have been finalized and are under examination by the two Governments.
The Project Reports for the other three projects are expected to be finalized soon. The two
countries appear well set to achieve the target of 10000 MW by 2020.
Bangladesh:
India commenced supply of 250 MW of power to Bangladesh last year (2013), after
the government-run Bangladesh Power Development Board and India's NTPC Vidyut Vyapar
Nigam Ltd (NVVN), a subsidiary of India's National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC),
signed a deal Feb 28, 2012. This was following an agreement signed during Bangladesh
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's visit to New Delhi, in January 2010. That agreement led to
the establishment of a 500 MW cross border interconnection between Baharampur in West
Bengal and Bheramara in Bangladesh. , which was commissioned on October 5,2013.The
Chief Minister of Tripura, Mr. Manik Sarkar had (April2014) said: "We have already told the
Government on India that Tripura is ready to supply at least 100 MW of electricity to
Bangladesh. The Chief Minister noted: "To supply power from Tripura to Bangladesh, only a
nine-km transmission line is required to be erected from (western Tripura's bordering
village) Rabindranagar, to connect with that country's electricity network." It is important
to note that Bangladesh provided unprecedented transit facilities for the movement of
heavy equipment for development of power plants in Tripura.
The Bangladesh and Indian governments have reportedly concluded, in recent days,
a power co-operation deal for 2017, which would allow India to transmit electricity from its
north-eastern states to Bihar through Bangladesh territory. In exchange, Bangladesh would
get a daily minimum of 500 to 1,000 in additional megawatts, the Daily Star (Bangladesh)
reported. Under the deal, reportedly reached April 3rd 2014, at the seventh meeting of the
Bangladesh-India Joint Steering Committee on Power Co-operation, the two countries are
said to have agreed to connect their distribution networks for the transfer of 6,000 MW of
hydroelectric power from Assam to north-western Bihar via Dinajpur, in Bangladesh. The
network could ultimately connect two other South Asian Association for Regional Co-
4. operation (SAARC) members– Nepal and Bhutan– opening up hydroelectric power
generation across the region. There is huge hydropower potential in India’s northeast, for
such projects. Arunachal Pradesh alone has the potential to produce 50,000 MW.
China-Bangladesh:
Like India’s other South Asian neighbours, Bangladesh is complementing energy
cooperation with India, by expanding cooperation with China. The China National Machinery
Import and Export Corporation and North-West Power Generation Company Limited have
agreed to set up a 1,320 megawatt coal fired power plant in Bangladesh during Hasina’s visit
to China. A similar agreement was reached earlier, when Sheikh Hasina visited Japan. Both
plants will depend on import of coal from Indonesia, Australia and South Africa. While
energy cooperation with China and Japan are understandable, in purely economic terms, it
may be more economical for Bangladesh to get surplus power from India.
Myanmar:
From Myanmar’s point of view, developing energy resources in the country's
mountainous north, where many proposed hydroelectric sites lie, is strategically important
for two reasons. Firstly, developing some of the country's estimated 40,000 MW of
hydroelectric potential would help shore up domestic energy supply in this country of 54
million, which is slated to grow to 61 million by 2025, and nearly 71 million by 2050.
Myanmar has currently harnessed only 2,440 MW, or 6% of this hydro-electric potential.
Secondly, excess hydroelectricity produced in this region could be sold to consumers in
adjacent Yunnan Province (China) and India’s northeast. In a larger geopolitical context,
Myanmar would like both its large neighbours, China and India to be part of its efforts to
promote development of its vast hydro-electric potential.
India’s performance in cooperation in hydro-electric power in Myanmar has been
dismal. The proposal for development of 1800 MW of hydro-electric power from the
Chindwin River located near the border between Manipur and Myanmar’s Sagaing Division
was initiated in 1994. The total potential in Myanmar for hydroelectric power generation
close to India’s borders in the Kachin State, the Chin State and Sagaing Division is 4460 MW.
Fourteen years after discussions on the Chindwin project commenced, an Agreement was
signed between India’s NHPC and the Myanmar Government for building a 1200 MW
Thamanthi Hydro-Electric Power Project and a 600 MW Shwezaye Project in Myanmar’s
Chin State. Work on implementing these projects, is, however, yet to take off, inviting very
critical comparisons in project implementation, between India and China.
Sri Lanka:
A number of measures are in the pipeline to build a growing interdependence
between India and Sri Lanka on energy related issues. On September 6, 2011, the NTPC and
5. the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) signed an agreement for setting up a 500 MW coal fired
power plant, to be commissioned in 2016, in Sampur, which was a nerve centre for the LTTE,
during the ethnic conflict. India is extending a $ 200 million soft line of credit for the project,
with coal to be imported by Sri Lanka. India will be constructing a jetty in Sampur and the
transmission lines. Moreover, discussions are underway for an Indo-Sri Lanka High Voltage
DC Grid, with various options under consideration, linking either Madura or Tuticorin in
Tamil Nadu to Anuradhapura or Puttalam. The project will involve a 285 kilometre cable link
including 50 kilometres of submarine cable across the Palk Straits linking electricity grids in
India and Sri Lanka. The project envisages development of capabilities in two stages, for
transmission of 500 MW. There is also immense potential for cooperation with Sri Lanka in
developing the huge wind energy potential of the country.
Pakistan-Afghanistan:
Agreement was reached in December 2010 on the TAPI (Turkmenistan,
Afghanistan, Pakistan, India) Gas Pipeline from the Turkmenistan Gas Field in South
Yolotan. The 1680 Kilometre Pipeline is to traverse through Herat, Lashkar Gah and
Kandahar in Afghanistan. While it is expected to be commissioned in 2017-2018, much
will depend on the security situation in Southern Afghanistan and the border regions of
Pakistan. China has, in the meantime, commenced negotiations for a Turkmenistan-
Afghanistan-China gas pipeline, which traverses through the least volatile and violent
areas of Pakistan. This Pipeline will not face the same security and safety challenges that
the TAPI pipeline will face. It is entirely possible that this project will take off much
earlier than the TAPI pipeline for which no financing arrangements are yet in place.
Talks on a proposed Iran-Pakistan-India Gas Pipeline have been on the anvil for
well over a decade now. Discussions on India’s participation in this project have,
however, been on hold for some years now, primarily because of global sanctions on
trade in oil and gas with Iran have not only led to a drastic reduction in oil imports from
Iran, but also made discussions on a gas pipeline from Iran, presently unrealistic. There
have also been reservations and security concerns in India about the possibilities of gas
supplies being cut off in the event of a rise in bilateral tensions and the volatile situation
in Baluchistan, where even Pakistani pipelines are being regularly attacked and blown
up. In the light of these developments, Pakistan and Iran have continued bilateral
discussions on building an Iran-Pakistan pipeline, which could be later extended to
India and even China. Some details of this Pipeline and subsequent negotiations
between Pakistan and Iran, which have led to an impasse, with Iran threatening to sue
Pakistan for breach of contract, are given in succeeding paragraphs.
Length/Specifications of Iran-Pak Pipeline:
The length of the Iran-Pakistan pipeline that will be supplied from the South Pars field has on
the Iran-Pakistan sector has been estimated at 1957 kilometres. It starts from Asalouyeh and
stretches 1,172 kilometres through Iran. The Iranian section is known as Iran's seventh cross-country
6. gas pipeline. In Pakistan, the length of the pipeline is 785 kilometres. It will pass through Baluchistan
and Sindh. A branch would spur off to Karachi in Khuzdar, while the main pipeline will continue
towards Multan. The pipeline could later be expanded to Delhi from Multan. The route in Pakistan
may be changed if China will participate in the project. As there are concerns over the pipeline being
attacked by Baluchi insurgents, an alternative offshore route from Iran to the maritime boundary
between India and Pakistan off Kutch was proposed. According to this proposal, one branch was to
run to Pakistan, while other branch to run to Kutch.
History of Negotiations:
Discussions between the governments of Iran and Pakistan started in 1994. A
preliminary agreement was signed in 1995. This agreement foresaw construction of a
pipeline from South Pars gas field to Karachi in Pakistan. Later Iran made a proposal to
extend the pipeline from Pakistan into India. In February 1999, a preliminary agreement
between Iran and India was signed. In 2004 the project was revived after the UNDP report
Peace and Prosperity Gas Pipelines by Pakistani Petroleum Engineer Gulfaraz Ahmed, was
published in December 2003. The report highlighted benefits of the pipeline to Pakistan,
India and Iran.
In February 2007, India and Pakistan agreed to pay Iran US$4.93 per million British
thermal units (US$4.67/GJ) but some details relating to price adjustment remained open to
further negotiation. In April 2008, Iran expressed interest in the People's Republic of China's
participation in the project. In August 2010, Iran invited Bangladesh to join the project. In
2009, India withdrew from the project over pricing and security issues, and after signing a
civilian nuclear deal with the United States in 2008. However, in March 2010 India joined
Pakistan and Iran for trilateral talks to be held in May 2010 in Tehran. On 30 January 2013,
the Pakistan's Federal government approved a deal with Iran for laying the Pakistan's
segment of a pipeline. On 27 February 2013, the construction of the Pakistani section was
agreed.. On 11 March 2013, inauguration of the construction works on the Pakistani section
of the pipeline were inaugurated by President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari and President of
Iran Mahmoud Ahmedinejad. The pipeline in Pakistan was expected to be constructed in 22
months with the participation of Iran..
On 27 May 2013, Iranian Deputy Minister for Petroleum, A. Khaledi, in a letter to the
Pakistan government expressed concern over the delay in the start of the Pakistani portion
of the pipeline. He said that after a government-to-government agreement between the
two countries, they were supposed to select entities for the construction of the latter part
of the pipeline. On 12 June 2013, the newly elected Prime minister of Pakistan, Nawaz
Sharif, allayed any fears regarding the abandonment of the project and said that the
Pakistani government is committed to the fulfillment of the project and targets the first flow
of gas from the pipeline in December 2014. The premier also stated that his government is
planning to commit to the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas pipeline project as
well.[1]
On 10-November-2013, a meeting between Pakistan Federal Minister for Petroleum
and Natural Resources Shahid Khaqan Abbasi and Iranian Minister of Petroleum Bijan
Namdar Zangeneh held at the Ministry of Petroleum at Tehran. The Pakistani Officials
7. assured their Iranian counterparts that project would continue despite "external pressure".
On 25-Feb-2014, Minister for Petroleum and Natural Resources Pakistan, Shahid Khaqan
Abbasi told the National Assembly that the project for the moment is off the table, he cited
international sanctions as the issue, he said " In the absence of international sanctions the
project can be completed within three years, but the government cannot take it any further
at the moment because international sanctions against Iran are a serious issue". Pakistan
will face the penalty if it failed to lay its side of pipeline by December 2014. .
During the State Visit of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to Iran in May 2014, both the
government stated to remain committed on the completion of the pipeline and also agreed
to extend the completion date by one year. However on 30 May 2014, ISNA news agency
quoted Iranian Deputy Oil Minister for International and Trade Affairs Ali Majedi as claiming
that the deadline has not been extended as no such agreement was signed during Nawaz
Sharif's visit and the deadline to complete is still December, 2014.
Given the dependence of Pakistan on financial assistance from the USA and Saudi
Arabia it is evident that the agreement signed by former President Zardari will not be
implemented. How Pakistan deals with threats of penalties by Iran remains t be seen. It is
interesting that the agreement with Iran was signed by Mr. Zardari a Shia who did not enjoy
a particularly warm personal relationship with Saudi Arabia. Mr. Nawaz Sharif, on the other
hand, has long enjoyed a very close relationship with the Saudi Monarchy, which intervened
after the coup on October 199 to get him exiled to Saudi Arabia by General Musharraf.. His
family has business interests in Saudi Arabia.
Purchase/Sale of Electricity;
In 1999 India offered to purchase electricity from Pakistan and arrange for
transmission lines till near the Wagah-Attari Border. While Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was
keen on the project, the Pakistan Government soon backed off, evidently because of
reservations by the Army. Matters came to a halt with the outbreak of the Kargil conflict.
Pakistan, thereafter, experienced growing shortages of power.
When Mr. Nawaz Sharif came back to power in 2013 he was faced with growing
public discontent over countrywide power breakdowns. While efforts have been underway
to obtain power from Iran, the Government of Pakistan made a conscious effort to import
electricity from India, which India agreed to. Pakistan now seems to have preferred to face
power outages rather than import electricity from India. There are reasons to believe that
this reluctance is primarily because of objections from the army and from persons linked to
the military establishment, like the Jamat ud Dawa Chief Hafiz Mohammed Saeed.
Conclusion:
Given the present political uncertainties in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the prospects
for these countries joining a meaningful process of regional energy cooperation in the near
future are not encouraging. It is also evident that given the political uncertainties within
Pakistan and the setbacks that Iran has faced after concluding an agreement with Pakistan,
India would need to look at the prospects of obtaining Iranian natural gas not through
8. Pakistan, but directly through an undersea pipeline. The pipeline is estimated to cost $ 4-5
billion and could carry 31 million cubic metres of gas a day. But, actual work on such a
pipeline could be commenced only after current banking sanctions on Iran are eased, or
ended. The geopolitical situation is very different across our eastern and Southern borders
where there is genuine interest, albeit for differing reasons, for promoting energy
cooperation and greater grid connectivity both bilaterally with India and regionally.
THE SAARC Regional Energy Centre in Islamabad has taken a considerable interest in
establishing toe modalities for effective grid connectivity across the SAARXC Region. While
this is welcome, we need to bear in mind that prospects of meaningful energy cooperation
across our western borders in the foreseeable future are relatively limited. At the same time
the prospects of enhanced for greater grid connectivity across Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, and across our southern borders to Sri Lanka are very encouraging. All these
countries are linked to India through the BIMSTEC. The focus for regional energy
cooperation in BIMSTEC should now assume greater alliance.