This document discusses the future of maritime security. It covers topics like piracy, international trade routes, the role of private maritime security companies, regulations around their use from organizations like the IMO, and debates around their legitimacy, rules of engagement, and relationship with navies. It also discusses perspectives from different countries and regions like the UK, EU, Japan, China, and issues like developing technology, liability, and who has ultimate authority on ships using private security.

1. City University
Future of Maritime Security
Helen Tung
HTChambers
5 March 2016

2. a. Context
 Piracy – a fairytale?
 Reality check 2008
 International Maritime Organisation
 Who exactly is the culprit?
- Those who came to fish or pirates?

3. b. International Trade
 Imagine – CMA CGM Christophe
Colomb
 Travel - The Pacific
 The Atlantic and
 The Indian Ocean

4. c. International trade
Source: Cargofromchina.com

5. d. Global trade up to 2030
 Trade within the Asia- Pacific region;
 Trade between emerging and
developed economies, inspired by the
symbiotic relationship between
Germany and China;
 Trade between emerging economies,
such as between those in developing
Asia and Latin America; and
 Trade between China and Africa.
Source: PWC, ‘Future of World Trade - Top 25 Sea and Air Freight Routes in 2030’,
March 2011, 2, https://www.pwc.de/de/transport-und-
logistik/assets/future_of_world_trade-final_160311.pdf.

6. e. Private Maritime Security
Companies (PMSCs)
 Who are they?
 What is their role?
 Who says indispensible?
 Dependable?
 Legitimate?
 Worthy to stay?
 If so, where are the rules?

7. e. PMSCs
 ICoC – Geneva
 SAMI – UK
 Best Management Practice
 IMO
 Drivers? Shipowners
 Stakeholders – seafarers, crew,
insurers, shipowners, charterers, ports
– yes, even consumers

8. f. Trend with UK/EU
 Maritime Security Policy
 A ship full of …..Gucci bags
 China sales: 28% sales for Swatch
 22%Richemont
 18% Gucci
 14% Bulgari
 11% Hermes
 Source PwC 2011

9. f. PMSCs – UK/EU
 UKMTO – UAE
 Leading the way – IMO
 Int. Chamber of Shipping
 ISO 28007: 2012
 Insurance implications
 Lloyds
 EUVFOR

10. g. Japan
 13 Nov 2013
 "the Act on Special Measure
concerning Security of Japanese
Flagged Vessels in the Piracy High
Risk Area (the Act)”
 Changes – mindset more than the Act
 Where to draw the line?
 What hot pursuit?
 Can you really shoot?

11. g. Japan
Drivers? Japan Shipowners
Insurers – it all depends on – outcome
Can I trust you?
Give them an assessment
Can you enforce?
Where are the weapons from?

12. h. HK/China
 PMSCs as crew?
 3rd party agents – how much do
shipowners know?
 Compliance with IMO regs
 Use with Chinese shipment
 Long term view?

13. i. Moral questions
 Competing interests with navies?
 What is their motive? Money or
humanity
 Is being called a hired gun fair?
 What else can they do?
 Peacekeeping?
 Humanitarian work?
 Natural disaster?
 Sounds more like it

14. j. Add technology
 Unmanned systems
 Contracted out
 Liability concern
 Liability cases
 India I
 India II

15. k. Master of the ship
 Who?
 The Captain or
 The PMSCs or
 The PCASP or
 The State?
 Who else?

16.  Thank you
Helen Tung, HTChambers
Helentung.tlc@gmail.com
www.linkedin.com/in/helentung